In the Indonesian archipelago, China businessmen are warmly welcomed. As long as China people meet China businessmen, they will treat them like distinguished guests and provide Wei Jie with food. Are Bonis more right? Tang people? Businessmen in China are very respectful and always treat them with a sumptuous banquet. If China businessmen get drunk, Bonis will send them back to their residence in An Ge. In AIA Koryo, China businessmen are regarded as distinguished guests.
First,? Living in Tibet? China businessmen engaged in maritime trade activities, China maritime merchants, because of the long sailing time, many people can not return to China and live abroad, known as? Living in Tibet? . Some businessmen and sailors settled overseas for a long time, intermarried with local people and became early overseas Chinese.
In the Song Dynasty, Japanese, Korean and Jiao Jiao all had expatriates from China. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Sung Hoon, a Japanese monk, came to China. Lin Haoji, the foreman of the seagoing ship, was the son of an overseas Chinese living in Japan. Many overseas Chinese are valued by the host government because they have certain talents. For example, at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were hundreds of China people in King Town of North Korea, all of whom came from Fujian for business. King Koryo secretly tested their talents among these China people, and retained talented China people with high officials and generous salaries, so some people stayed in Koryo all their lives.
1972, a stone tablet of China was found in Brunei. In the Song Dynasty, there were ten Chinese characters "Pu Cemetery" in Quanzhou court, which was carved by it. Should Ding Jing Kino be established? A few small words. Ding Jing was the last year of Li Zong in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Jiazi year of Ding Jing was 1264. Was this buried in Boni (Brunei) at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty? Pugong? Obviously, he was an official of the Southern Song Dynasty who later engaged in overseas trade and lived in Boni.
Second,? Living in don? Abroad? Ke Fan? Businessmen from overseas countries and regions stay in China because of their trade in China, which is called "? Living in don? . Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Hangzhou and other foreign trade ports in the Song Dynasty all came from overseas countries? Ke Fan? Stay there. There are many more? Ke Fan? Generations have lived in China. What are the names of their descendants born in China? A native pilgrim. According to the Song government? Ke Fan? How many generations have lived in China, but who have lived in China for five generations? Ke Fan? Special provisions have been made on the issue of property inheritance.
? Ke Fan? People living in coastal port cities in China are relatively concentrated in one area. Guangzhou? Ke Fan? Mainly live in the coastal areas south of the city, and some big fans live in the city. Quanzhou? Ke Fan? Although mixed with local residents, it is relatively concentrated in the south of the city. Hangzhou? Ke Fan? They live in the bridge-building area east of the city. What is the area where foreigners live in Guangzhou? Fan Fang? Also known as? Fan Xiang? . ? Fan Fang? There was a foreign minister, a prestigious person selected by the Song government among foreign guests, who was awarded an official title. His duty is to assist local officials in Guangzhou to manage foreign guests living in Guangzhou and to help shipping companies in the Song Dynasty invite foreign businessmen to trade in China. If businessmen violate the laws of the Song Dynasty, officials of the Song Dynasty should assist them in punishing them according to law.
Song dynasty also specially formulated? What are the penalties for businessmen's crimes? Examples, as the basis for dealing with illegal traders. Because the customs and habits of caring for overseas businessmen are different from those of China people, the ways of punishment are also different. For example, in the Song Dynasty, prisoners were spanked with sticks, while in many parts of South China Sea countries, prisoners were spanked with sticks on the back. Therefore, businessmen who broke the law were often tried by the government in the Song Dynasty, and then sent to Fanfang, where the leaders punished them according to their own punishments. Although there are no rice shops and rice fields in Quanzhou, they are generally based on those in Ke Fan? National customs? Dealing with illegal strangers. In Guangzhou and Quanzhou, schools for children in Ke Fan are called? Xue Fan? .
Third,? Ke Fan? Get along well with local residents and live in China for a long time? Ke Fan? Although some of them also participated in land merger activities during their overseas residence, the main aspect of their activities was to communicate with Chinese and foreign trade and made contributions to the development of Chinese and foreign maritime trade. Sometimes they also do some good things for the host country. For example, in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, officials from Jinjiang County, a subordinate of Quanzhou Prefecture, Fujian Province, were ordered to build a number of warships in Quanzhou. Ke Fan? They generously undertook all the costs of building these warships, which relieved the people of Jinjiang of a heavy tax burden.
Countries come to live in China? Ke Fan? Living with local China residents, although there are sometimes frictions and even incidents? Fight? However, what is friendliness? Ke Fan? The mainstream of relations with local residents. what's up Ke Fan? He also married local residents and got married in China.
According to the records of the Song Dynasty, there was a Liu in Fanfang, Guangzhou. Yi Bei? People, married the woman of Zhao's imperial clan, official to the left class hall straight. This? Yi Bei? Liu, apparently a foreigner who has lived in Guangzhou for a long time, has adopted a Han surname. Ke Fan can even marry imperial clan women, and it is more common to combine with folk women.
In Guangzhou, Quanzhou and Hangzhou, there are public cemeteries dedicated to Ke Fan who died in China. According to Fang Xinru of the Southern Song Dynasty, Guangzhou is ten miles west of the city. Fan Ren's Tomb? Thousands? . Zhao's "Cooking Records" records that there are big eaters in Quanzhou. Conformity? In the southeast of the city, the remains of barbarians are buried.
There are still many complete tombs of Ke Fan on Lingshan Mountain in the eastern suburb of Quanzhou today. These foreigners who died in a foreign land have been able to rest in a foreign land for hundreds of years, and their cemeteries have been preserved, which is inseparable from the protection of local people. It fully reflects the respect and friendship of local residents in China for these foreigners who have been sleeping in a foreign land. If the pilgrims were unfriendly to the local residents at that time, it is inconceivable that the graves of these pilgrims would be well preserved.
Fourth, the exchange of visits by monks In the friendly exchanges between Chinese and foreign people, besides businessmen and sailors, there are also the exchange of visits by monks. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, many China monks went to India to seek dharma, and many Indian monks came to China. Tian Xishang, who is in charge of the translation of Buddhist scriptures in the Translation Institute established in Song Taizong, is an Indian monk.
Korean and Japanese monks traveled across the ocean to China to seek dharma. The number of Japanese monks coming to China recorded in the documents of China and Japan reached 12 in the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty. At that time, Chinese and Japanese monks often entrusted maritime businessmen to exchange gifts and letters, which fully reflected the profound friendship established by the monks of the two countries through mutual visits.
Verb (verb's abbreviation) scientific and cultural exchanges Chinese and foreign people also have extensive scientific and cultural exchanges in trade and various forms of exchanges.
In China in Song Dynasty, the feudal culture was highly developed and prosperous, and a large number of books were printed and sold by block printing. Some books are distributed overseas through government gifts and books sold by businessmen and monks. Take South Korea as an example. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Han School? Tribute? Ambassadors and monks went to the Song Dynasty and asked the Song Dynasty to present Buddhist scriptures, books on Yin and Yang geography and medical books. In Song Zhezong, North Korea sent envoys to the Song Dynasty many times, demanding to buy various books such as criminal law documents, Taiping Magnolia, Wenyuan Huaying and so on.
The Song Dynasty always tried to meet Korea's requirements for books. South Korea also carved a printing plate of Buddhist Huayan Sutra in Hangzhou through China maritime merchants and shipped it to South Korea for printing. There are also many China books spread to Japan through maritime merchants and monks. In the Song Dynasty, Liu Wenzhong, a maritime merchant, gave Japanese ministers two finger maps of Dongpo, ten maps of the Five Dynasties and ten books of the Tang Dynasty as gifts. At that time, China exported books to Japan, not only Buddhist classics such as the Tripitaka, but also a large number of Confucian and Taoist works and various miscellaneous books. A large number of books published in Song Dynasty were exported, which was an important way of cultural exchange between China and foreign countries at that time.
Later, Japan reprinted the Notes on the Analects of Song Dynasty, which led to the rise of Song Studies, which was directly influenced by a large number of books imported into Japan in the Song Dynasty. There was a king in Korea who liked the books of the Song Dynasty very much. Every time a maritime merchant buys books published in the Song Dynasty for him, he puts on clean clothes and burns incense to receive them. I love and yearn for China culture so much, which is also the influence of book communication.
China's medicine and technology spread to Korea and Japan in the Song Dynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty, korean king fell ill and asked the Song Dynasty to send a doctor, which not only showed that China's medical skills enjoyed a high reputation in North Korea, but also showed that North Korea had not mastered China's medical skills.
Ma Duanlin's General Examination of Literature? Koguryo records that it was only after Wang Kun of North Korea sought medical treatment from Song Ting at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty that North Korea mastered the diagnosis and treatment technology of traditional Chinese medicine. It can be seen that the doctors sent by Song Ting to North Korea not only treated korean king, but also spread China's medical skills. Rong Xi, a Japanese monk in this period, said in the book "Eating Tea for Health":? Today is handed down by doctors in the Tang Dynasty, and all diseases are effective. . ? Dr Tang? It's Dr. China. Rong's record reflects that China's medical skills were not only introduced to Japan during this period, but also gained a high reputation. The technology of making Jiedu Pills in China was also introduced to Japan from China by a monk who entered the Song Dynasty with Japan.
With the large export of silk and pottery, China's unparalleled silk weaving and porcelain-making technology also spread overseas in the Song Dynasty. Is it famous in Japan? Bodo weaving? Following Japanese monks to the Song Dynasty, learning Cantonese weaving and satin weaving, and returning to Hakata Port (now Wang Fu), Japan's trade gateway to China, were three Japanese people.
Porcelain-making technology has spread more widely. The Temi Dynasty in Egypt (969 AD? 1 17 1 year), once copied celadon and blue and white porcelain from China. North Korea also copied celadon from Yue Kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty in China and Ru Ci. Celadon glazed porcelain fired in Jiaodi (northern Vietnam) and Luo Hu (present-day Thailand) was also influenced by Yueyao in China and Zhejiang. Is it famous in Japan? Seto burn? , is the product of learning China porcelain technology. ? Seto burn? Its founder, Masaji Fujiwara, entered the Song Dynasty with Japanese monk Daoyuan in A.D. 1223, and studied porcelain-making technology for six years. Because it was burned after he returned to China? Seto burn? It had a great influence on the Japanese porcelain industry and was later called Japanese? Tao zu? .
Some cultural and scientific knowledge from overseas countries and regions was also introduced into China in the Song Dynasty. In Song Zhenzong, Japanese Teng Muji came to China with the maritime merchants of the Song Dynasty to present Japanese gifts to Song Zhenzong? Chorus? , make China people know something about this kind of Japanese literature. Egyptians who went to Quanzhou Port for trade taught the residents of Yongchun County, which belongs to Quanzhou Prefecture, the method of washing sugar with tree ash, so the sugar-making technology in this area has been greatly improved. Some Arab architectural arts, which are still in this period? Living in don? Ke Fan was taken to China, Guangzhou, Quanzhou and other port cities. Jing Qing Temple, which still stands in Tumen Street, Quanzhou, was built after the worship temple in Damascus in the Northern Song Dynasty. Existing circular domes, pointed arched doors, and? Serve the Temple of Heaven? Walls, doors, windows and niches all have a strong Arab religious architectural style. This Jing Qing Temple is a historical witness of the exchange of architectural art between China and Arab countries and the introduction of Arab architectural art into China in the Song Dynasty.