Marine plants are autotrophs, which use chlorophyll for photosynthesis to produce organic matter.
Marine plants belong to primary producers. There are many kinds of marine plants, ranging from lower eukaryotes (i.e. Cyanophyta and Protochlorophyta) to eukaryotes (i.e. eukaryotes), even to higher seed plants, exceeding 13, * *10000 species.
Coral is a kind of marine cylindrical coelenterate, which is automatically fixed on the calcareous remains of ancestral corals in the white larval stage. Coral is the shell secreted by coral. The chemical composition of coral is mainly CaCO3, which exists in the form of microcrystalline calcite. There is a certain amount of organic matter in the composition, mostly dendritic with vertical stripes on it. There are concentric circles and radial stripes on the cross section of each single coral, and the color is often white, with a small amount of blue and black.
2. Little is known about marine plants and corals.
Marine plants are autotrophs, which use chlorophyll for photosynthesis to produce organic matter. Marine plants belong to primary producers. There are many kinds of marine plants, ranging from lower eukaryotes (i.e. Cyanophyta and Protochlorophyta) to eukaryotes (i.e. eukaryotes), even to higher seed plants, exceeding 13, * *10000 species.
Coral is a kind of marine cylindrical coelenterate, which is automatically fixed on the calcareous remains of ancestral corals in the white larval stage. Coral is the shell secreted by coral. The chemical composition of coral is mainly CaCO3, which exists in the form of microcrystalline calcite. There is a certain amount of organic matter in the composition, mostly dendritic with vertical stripes on it. There are concentric circles and radial stripes on the cross section of each single coral, and the color is often white, with a small amount of blue and black.
3. Scientific information about coral regeneration
Taiwan Province Province introduced the expertise of French scholars to carry out large-scale artificial restoration of corals. In the past six months, the coral babies have grown smoothly, and plans to transplant them into the sea in the future to add color to the colorful coral reefs in Taiwan Province Province.
At present, there are more than 60 species and more than 300 corals recovered in the Aquarium Experimental Center of Taiwan Province Marine Life Museum. Li Zhanrong, the exhibition director of Haisheng Museum, couldn't hide his joy when he saw some coral seedlings growing rapidly.
He said that artificial cultivation of corals must build a "micro-ocean" environment, which is a patented technology of Professor Jia Bo of Nice University in France. No matter the water temperature, water illumination, pH value, dissolved oxygen and nutrients, they must be strictly controlled and indispensable.
In the past ten years, the coral area in Singapore has decreased by more than 60%, and at least two species have disappeared. In order to save the endangered corals, the relevant units collected the coral fragments that naturally fell off or were injured in the southern islands and moved them to the nursery to restore them to health.
This coral growth promotion program specially uses artificial plastic grids to protect injured hard corals. This artificial coral reef can not only transplant corals, but also attract other kinds of corals to settle down and multiply, with a survival rate as high as 80%. Scientists hope that in a few years, corals will once again surround Singapore's waters.
It is gratifying that the rescued corals are growing satisfactorily in their new homes, and some corals have been able to take root and sprout on artificial coral reefs. The long-term plan for coral growth is to transplant corals back to their original places or move them around other islands, and eventually increase the number of corals in Singapore.
4. Scientific information about coral regeneration
Taiwan Province Province introduced the expertise of French scholars to carry out large-scale artificial restoration of corals. In the past six months, the coral babies have grown smoothly, and plans to transplant them into the sea in the future to add color to the colorful coral reefs in Taiwan Province Province.
At present, there are more than 60 species and more than 300 corals recovered in the Aquarium Experimental Center of Taiwan Province Marine Life Museum. Li Zhanrong, the exhibition director of Haisheng Museum, couldn't hide his joy when he saw some coral seedlings growing rapidly.
He said that artificial cultivation of corals must build a "micro-ocean" environment, which is a patented technology of Professor Jia Bo of Nice University in France. No matter the water temperature, water illumination, pH value, dissolved oxygen and nutrients, they must be strictly controlled and indispensable. In the past ten years, the coral area in Singapore has decreased by more than 60%, and at least two species have disappeared. In order to save the endangered corals, the relevant units collected the coral fragments that naturally fell off or were injured in the southern islands and moved them to the nursery to restore them to health.
This coral growth promotion program specially uses artificial plastic grids to protect injured hard corals. This artificial coral reef can not only transplant corals, but also attract other kinds of corals to settle down and multiply, with a survival rate as high as 80%. Scientists hope that in a few years, corals will once again surround Singapore's waters.
It is gratifying that the rescued corals are growing satisfactorily in their new homes, and some corals have been able to take root and sprout on artificial coral reefs. The long-term plan for coral growth is to transplant corals back to their original places or move them around other islands, and eventually increase the number of corals in Singapore.
5. Living habits of corals
From the overall structure, the Coral Museum can be divided into six areas: coral and coral fish boutique area, underwater kaleidoscope, submarine laboratory, sunken treasure hunt, popular science gallery and diving performance, among which the coral and coral fish boutique area, submarine laboratory and diving performance are the three main exhibition areas.
In the coral and coral fish exhibition area, visitors will have the opportunity to feast their eyes and witness the beautiful underwater world with their own eyes. There are more than 100 species and more than 2000 fine corals with different shapes and colors from the southwest Pacific Ocean.
In the impression of ordinary people, the seabed must be a dead place, and corals are just porous reefs. Actually, the underwater world is full of vitality, and colorful fish come and go here. It seems that plants are actually corals with different animal forms, conveying the romantic style of the Pacific Ocean.
Look at the kaleidoscope coral, just right. Every coral with a long tube heart has 24 pairs of tentacles stretching and swaying, as if flowers are in full bloom-charming. The hammer coral is composed of corrugated plates and leaves, and the septa are arranged regularly. Tentacles are numerous and dense, and the top is kidney-shaped or crescent-shaped, bending like a small hammer, hence the name. There is also an extremely rare coral tree, whose colony is shrub-like, with many bifurcated branches on the plane and tentacles like flowers; The color of rose coral is extremely changeable, and it looks like a blooming rose when fully unfolded; Mushroom coral has a pear-shaped handle and a leaf-shaped coral body, such as feathers and a brush, which is amazing in exquisiteness. There are also green-headed corals, gem corals, leather corals and sea lily corals. , are rare and expensive, thousands of dollars at a time.
In the exhibition area of coral and coral fish essence, you can enjoy the beauty of coral and coral fish at the same time. Coral is home to millions of tropical fish.
They are closely linked and interdependent, forming a unique underwater landscape. You see, like a clown fish wearing a Peking Opera mask, it hides in an anemone at the slightest sign of trouble.
Anemones and corals are close relatives, but they have no bones. The stinging cells on the tentacles can release toxins, and many small fish and shrimps will become its "victims". However, "clown fish" is naturally non-toxic. Besides, anemones can't bear to hurt clownfish. With them, small fish and shrimps can often be attracted to this activity and become their "breakfast".
There is also a foxtail fish, which looks like a fox, but it is as well disguised as a chameleon. Originally golden yellow, it turned khaki in the blink of an eye. Tons of spiny fish are more interesting. Covered with thorns. When attacked by an old enemy, his thorns will stand up one by one, just like a little hedgehog. It can also inflate the stomach and float on the water like a balloon.
Fish living in coral reefs have one common feature, that is, colorful. As we all know, the more colorful coral fish, the greater the toxicity.
Take the lionfish as an example. Although it is not big, if four or five lionfish unite, a strong buffalo can be poisoned. For the convenience of tourists, the museum staff concentrated on displaying poisonous coral fish, hoping to leave a deeper impression on people.
Visiting the coral and coral fish exhibition area, the blurred lights seem to add mystery everywhere. This is not only to create effects, but also to take care of the living habits of corals.
Coral is mainly produced in the southwest Pacific Ocean, which requires very high salinity, temperature, bait and light. For example, some corals like light, and when the light is slightly dim, they will stop growing or even die; On the contrary, some corals don't like light, and they will die if the light is a little stronger.
In order to serve these "delicate" guests well, in addition to setting up various light sources, we also set up a state-of-the-art water treatment system of nearly 5 million yuan to automatically track the water temperature and water quality around the clock. At the same time, we also set up a scientific research team to artificially cultivate phytoplankton that corals eat. According to statistics, in order to ensure the normal survival of corals, the direct cost of a coral museum is nearly 20,000 yuan a day.
In addition, it is worth mentioning that the novel display means of coral and coral fish exhibition area, such as spherical, persimmon-shaped, trapezoidal transparent cylinder, etc., not only have wonderful shapes, but also have the function of magnifying glass, which can complement each other for corals and coral fish that usually need to be carefully appreciated at close range. There is also a "cross-harbour tunnel" more than ten meters long. This is the first time that China has tried to show corals and coral fish at a 90-degree angle. Its water storage capacity exceeds 200 tons, and more than 100 varieties of 1000 colorful fish swim around you, which is dizzying, as if you were in a fairy water house.
The kaleidoscope in the water brings together the advanced ideas of aquarium design in Europe and America. The original cylinder in the form of multi-prism cooperates with the mirror reflection in all directions, which pushes the display of coral fish to a dazzling realm of depth, omnibearing and high dimension. The second important exhibition area is the submarine laboratory area.
This exhibition area is assisted by high-tech means, which mobilizes the participation spirit of tourists and embodies the interactive concept of modern professional exhibitions. Here you can find the anatomical structure, ecological habits and the whole process from embryo to juvenile of living sharks.
In the "Current Fish" project, we created the shape of a spaceship. By pulling the joystick and rotating the handle, we create a vortex of water flow, allowing visitors to experience the countercurrent of fish swimming. The "Electron Microscope" project allows visitors to understand the microstructure of the coral world by using high-precision electron microscopes and coral skeleton specimens.
The "Deep Sea Periscope" project simulates the structure of periscope in submarine, and observes the ecological habits of living corals through the display screen. There are fish puzzles, coral knowledge problems and musical keyboards and percussion instruments made by imitating coral objects in the "Underwater Concert" project, which is absolutely interesting.
There is also a very unique big fish tank called "Magic Tank", which is a totally enclosed rectangular fish tank. There are many square notches on the glass surface in the middle of the fish tank in front. Visitors can put their hands into the fish tank to feed and touch the fish, but the water in the fish tank will not flow out. This is its magic, so we should not underestimate this fish tank. It is a high-tech product imported from Japan at a cost of more than 3 million yuan, which is unique in China.
6. Popular Science: How to feed your beloved coral better?
The more plankton in seawater, the faster and healthier corals grow.
Light is one of the requirements for coral growth, but it is not the only requirement. Corals need different amounts of light, but if the light exceeds the required amount, their growth will slow down. However, this is not the case for plankton.
When there are more plankton in the ocean, corals grow faster in the ocean, and when there are fewer plankton, corals grow slower. But most amateurs have only very small plankton in their aquariums. If there is, sometimes all they can hope for is to keep the coral alive.
Some amateurs will put the problem on the light, thinking that this is the cause of slow growth, but in fact it is just a lack of food.
7. Lack of popular science knowledge
The physical principle of rainbow is a natural light phenomenon that people often see.
Whenever colorful rainbows hang in the sky, people can't help rushing to this beautiful nature. In ancient times, some people said that it was the lonely Chang 'e singing and dancing colorful silk in the clouds; Some people say that it is a colorful bridge built by fairies in the clouds to peep at the world.
Whether it is colored silk or colored bridge, it is just a magical legend. And what is the rainbow in reality? How is it formed? When it comes to the formation of rainbows, people often think of it.
After rain. Be with each other.
Many people think that only. After rain.
There is a rainbow. Actually, this view is not comprehensive.
After rain.
It is true that rainbows sometimes appear in the sky, but rainbows also appear around fountains or waterfalls in the sun; In summer, sometimes there will be a rainbow behind the sprinkler running in the street; Spraying in the air with a sprayer can also form a rainbow. Obviously, that kind of rainbow only exists in.
After rain. The reason for the rainbow has not been fully understood.
As long as we know that it is conditional to see rainbows in the air, we naturally know that rainbows don't have to rain to appear. There is a teacher in the middle school physics class.
Scattering of light. Experiment: Take a prism and let a beam of white light pass through the slit and shine on one side of the prism. After passing through the prism, the advancing direction changes, and a colored light band is formed on the white screen. The order is red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and purple.
This is very similar to the color of a rainbow. But it is impossible to have a prism in the air to form a rainbow.
Why is this? This is because there are a lot of small water droplets floating in the air. When the sun shines on these small water droplets, one by one, like a prism, decomposes the white light into seven monochromatic lights, which have dispersion effect on the sun.
How does sunlight produce spectral dispersion in small water droplets? Sunlight enters water droplets, that is, it enters water from the medium of air and undergoes a refraction. Due to the different refractive indexes of various monochromatic lights that make up white light, violet light has the shortest wavelength and the largest refractive index, red light has the longest refractive index and the smallest refractive index, and other colored lights are in between. Therefore, the light is split in the water drop, and the light of various colors continues to spread in the water drop at the same time, and is reflected back when it meets another interface of the water drop, passes through the inside of the water drop again, and refracts back into the air when it comes out.
In this way, the sunlight in the water drops undergoes twice refraction and once total reflection, and is decomposed into seven monochromatic lights: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and purple. When there are a large number of water droplets in the air, sunlight passes through these water droplets, and after reflection and refraction, the emitted light gathers together to form a beautiful rainbow in the sky.
Usually, most of what we see is a rainbow, and the viewing angle (from the ground to the top of the rainbow) is about 42. Sometimes you can see another rainbow with the opposite color order and deeper color outside the rainbow. This rainbow is called the second rainbow.
The main rainbow is internal ultraviolet red, the auxiliary rainbow is internal infrared purple, and the auxiliary rainbow is also called neon. Neon and main rainbow are concentric arcs, and the sky between them is dark, while the sky inside and outside the rainbow is bright.
The viewing angle of neon is about 5 1. Its origin is basically the same as the main rainbow.
It is formed by two reflections and two refractions of sunlight in small raindrops, namely refraction-total reflection-total reflection-refraction. On the ground level, the main rainbows and neon lights we see are semicircular because their lower parts are covered by the ground.
If you stand on the top of a high mountain, you can see most of the major rainbows and neon lights. Only when the weather is clear, looking down in the aircraft cabin, can we see the whole picture of the main rainbow and neon, that is, a complete circle.
If the angle of the sun is too big (for example, around noon) or too small (the recently rising or setting sun), it is not easy for us to see rainbows, and because rainbows enter our eyes through the reflection of sunlight by small water droplets, rainbows always appear opposite the sun. The morning rainbow is in the west and the evening rainbow is in the east.
It appears mainly in summer.
Why is the main rainbow ultraviolet red? When we look at a rainbow, colored light is reflected from small water droplets at different angles. For a particle, only one color of light can enter our eyes, while other colors of light refracted from the same raindrop pass through our eyes high or low without being seen by us. Specifically, among the light that can enter our eyes and be refracted by water droplets at the highest position, red light can enter our eyes because it has the smallest refractive index and the smallest deflection angle. We only see red light, and other colors of light pass over our heads because of their large refractive index and large deflection angle.
A slightly lower water drop can only be seen by orange light with deflection angle greater than red light and less than other colors under refracted light. Among other colors, red light is low, yellow, green, blue, indigo and purple are high, which are beyond our eyes.
By analogy, the light that enters our eyes and is refracted by the lowest water drop can only see purple light, and the rest of the colored light slips away from our noses. In this way, the light refracted by adjacent water droplets in the air forms a rainbow, which is ultraviolet and red.
Meteorological principles of rainbows The size of water droplets in the air determines the color and width of rainbows. The bigger the raindrops, the narrower the rainbow band and the brighter the color. The smaller the raindrops, the wider the rainbow band and the darker the color.
When raindrops are small enough, the light splitting and reflection are not obvious, and the rainbow disappears. This shows that the formation of rainbow is directly related to the existence, quantity and size of raindrops in the air, and in turn, rainbow is related to weather changes.
For example, the color of the rainbow changes from bright to dark, and the width changes from narrow to wide, indicating that the raindrops in the air change from big to small. It can be speculated that the air may gradually stabilize and the weather conditions will gradually stabilize.