In a word, ecological chicken raising in forest park has tapped the potential of three-dimensional farming production to a greater extent, made full use of land resources, feed resources and fertilizer sources, reduced pollution, and achieved high economic and ecological benefits, which is one of the best modes of ecological farming.
I. Selection of Ecological Park and Tree Planting
The park should choose a place with high and dry terrain, flat and open, good water quality, sufficient water, convenient transportation and no pollution. It is required that there is no chemical plant within 3km, and it is more than 1 km from the main traffic road. According to the local characteristics, select seedlings suitable for local planting, and reasonably determine the row spacing and plant spacing according to the characteristics of tree species. For example, ginkgo seedlings with good growth, brawny, tall and straight are selected, the grafting height is about 1.5m, the row spacing is 8m and 12m respectively, and 8 ~ 12 ginkgo trees are planted every 667 m2( 1mu). Ginkgo trees generally begin to bear fruit in 8 ~ 10 years after planting. After the normal results, the benefit per 667 square meters is about 1500 yuan, and with the continuous growth of ginkgo trees, the output of ginkgo fruit will increase year by year, and the benefit will continue to improve. Before the ginkgo trees bear fruit, pear trees or peach trees can be planted in the middle of the ginkgo trees, and 8~ 10 plants can be planted every 667 square meters, so that certain economic benefits can be increased before the ginkgo trees bear fruit. According to the calculation of 1 year for two batches of chickens per 667 square meters in the forest park, 400 chickens can be raised, and each chicken has 2~3 yuan more benefits than ordinary chickens, and the benefit of raising chickens can be increased by about 1000 yuan per 667 square meters.
The second is the feeding mode of combining forest and chicken.
1. Selection and planting of grass species in parks. Forage varieties suitable for chickens, such as ryegrass, chicory and alfalfa, should be selected in the park, both annual and perennial; There are grasses, leafy grasses and leguminous grasses. These grasses can not only purify soil and increase soil fertility, but also be used as feed for chickens. Pastures are generally sown in autumn, and fruit trees will increase the light after defoliation, and will grow rapidly after the temperature rises in the coming year. This will make the growth period of forage grass long and control the growth of weeds at the same time.
2. Chicken breed selection. The selection of chicken varieties should be determined according to the adaptability of chickens to the forest garden and the market demand. Generally speaking, we should choose local thoroughbred chickens with strong adaptability, disease resistance and foraging ability, and choose marketable varieties in consideration of market demand, and it is best to choose excellent grass chicken varieties bred in regular units.
3. Construction of the fence. The management of raising chickens in forest parks is very important, among which it is worth noting to prevent chickens from fleeing. The fence can use rope net or fence fence, and the height is generally about 1.5~2 meters. The fence should pay attention to the density of the net and the thickness of the fence, so as not to let the chickens escape, but also to prevent the invasion of wild animals such as rats and weasels. Fences are generally about 0.67 hectares (10 mu) as a unit.
4. Setting of brooding and shelter. There are a lot of chickens in the forest garden, and the nursery is essential. The brooding room should be built in a place that is sheltered from the wind and sunny, open, flat and dry, with sufficient water and convenient transportation, and close to the forest garden. The area of the brooding room is determined according to the feeding quantity, generally calculated by 30 chicks per square meter. The disinfection and temperature and humidity control of the brooding room are the same as those of normal chicken raising. According to the number, landscape and area of chickens, building shelters near the garden can not only prevent chickens from being disturbed by rain, exposure and accidents, but also facilitate the inoculation operation of chickens.
5. Stocking density and scale. Proper stocking density should be mastered in raising chickens in forest parks. Too high density often leads to insufficient feed, wide foraging range of chickens, easy to escape from management and excessive artificial feeding, which not only increases the breeding cost, but also affects the flavor of meat; If the density is too small, it will lead to insufficient feed utilization, waste of resources and low efficiency. Therefore, the stocking density is generally around 200 per 667 square meters. The stocking scale depends on the scope and topography of the park, and generally 1500~2000 is only one group. Excessive stocking scale will also cause inconvenience in management. Raising chickens in forest gardens often adopts the "all-in and all-out system". After a batch of chickens go on the market, it is necessary to thoroughly clean and disinfect the forest garden, and it is best to turn over the soil in the garden again, which is beneficial to epidemic prevention and soil fertility, and to the cultivation of fruit trees and the next batch of chickens.
6. Daily management. Raising chickens in forest gardens has a wide range of activities and is inconvenient to manage. Therefore, training must be done well. 1~3-week-old chickens should be raised in the brooding room, and gradually enter the outdoor after 3 weeks of age. After entering the forest, chickens should pay special attention to the change of temperature at first, and it is not suitable to be stocked when the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is too large. Especially in the spring and autumn, when the dew is dry and the sun comes out, chicks should be stocked from 10 morning to 2 pm, and the initial stocking time should be controlled at 2-4 hours. If the wind is strong, it is best not to stock or shorten the stocking time, and then gradually increase the stocking time when the chickens grow up. In the early stage of stocking, the method of knocking on the pot or whistling was used to return to grazing and set up training to form conditioned reflex. Feed regularly every day, 2~3 times a day. After 3 weeks of age, the feed was gradually changed to grain particles, and after 5 weeks, it was all changed to grain particles. The rotation grazing system should be implemented when chickens are kept in stock, which is beneficial to the recovery and growth of pasture. The stocking time should be between 120~250 days, so as to ensure the meat quality of chickens and meet the needs of consumers.
7. Disease prevention and rotational grazing. Comprehensive preventive measures should be taken to keep chickens healthy and reduce diseases. Vaccination should be carried out one by one according to the immunization procedure during epidemic prevention, mainly to immunize Marek's disease, Newcastle disease, bursa of fabricius and other infectious diseases. At the same time, regular disinfection, idle disinfection and entrance disinfection should be done. When sick chickens are found, they should be isolated immediately, and if necessary, they can be isolated to avoid undue losses caused by cross-infection. Traditional Chinese medicine and biological products are the first choice to treat chicken diseases. Antibiotics and synthetic drugs can only be used when they cannot be effectively treated. Prohibited drugs and hormonal drugs are prohibited. The use of chemicals should strictly implement the withdrawal period. Dead chickens should be treated harmlessly. When chickens are stocked, it is also necessary to prevent the damage of animals such as eagles and weasels. For hygiene reasons, between two batches of chickens, the feeding shed, brooding room and fence must be thoroughly cleaned. During this period, sheds and facilities must be cleaned and disinfected. After each batch of chickens is raised, there should be a period of rest in the free activity venue. So the chickens in the forest garden should take turns grazing.
8. Establish a reasonable ecological food chain in the park. Ecological chicken raising in forest park mainly adopts a virtuous circle of "fruit tree-insect, grass-chicken-chicken manure fertile soil, planting trees and planting fruit-fruit tree sheltering from rain, wind and shade", which effectively solves and utilizes chicken manure, reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, reduces the pollution of chemical substances to the environment, reduces drug residues, maintains a good ecological environment in forest park, and produces pollution-free agricultural products such as high-quality fruits and excellent poultry. In order to enrich the food chain of the garden, we can also spread grass between the rows of the garden, using grass 1000 kilograms per 667 square meters, which not only increases the water storage capacity of the soil layer, inhibits the growth of weeds, but also improves the soil fertility. To promote the decomposition of soil organic matter, accelerate the release of effective nutrients, improve soil fertility, and can also be used as active feed for chickens. Through the utilization of renewable resources and the combination of plant cultivation, animal feeding and pasture system, it is possible to increase farmers' income, improve agricultural efficiency and sustainable development of agriculture Baidu Xiaofang Rare Poultry Farm, Xiaofang Pheasant Breeding Farm and well-known breeding farms in the industry are invited to provide technical guidance, technical training and quotation for breeding. .........................