When people reach old age, their social role and economic status change from dominant to auxiliary, and the time structure and spatial structure of life change, and their leisure time increases greatly, mainly taking the community living environment space as the main body and leaving the original social work environment space. Therefore, the design of healthy home environment for the elderly should be closely related to their own physiological and social factors. The following are the basic principles of environmental design that I have collected, and the following points should be noted:

1. 1 health

Old people spend more time indoors than ordinary people. Therefore, the living indoor environment of the elderly should have good orientation, natural lighting and ventilation to ensure fresh air, reduce the survival rate of bacteria and improve the health of the environment.

1.2 security

Due to the degradation of physiological functions, the ability to maintain their own safety has declined, so the elderly need a greater sense of security. From the plane layout, housing structure to supporting facilities, technical equipment, etc., the requirements of safety precautions must be considered. And make reasonable design to create a safe indoor living space for the elderly.

1.3 convenience

In the layout of space, we should take the behavior pattern and human efficacy of the elderly as the starting point, take into account all the needs of the elderly in life, and make the elderly feel convenient in life as much as possible.

1.4 Comfort

Comfort is a comprehensive concept, which consists of many factors. With the continuous improvement of material life and cultural life, the elderly are most concerned about the quiet living environment, air and greening. At present, as long as the above items are realized, the comfort requirements are basically met.

2. 1 Healthy home environment design

A healthy home environment is to divide indoor space reasonably and orderly according to the physiological characteristics of the elderly, so as to provide a healthy and low-pollution living environment for the elderly.

2. 1. 1 Reasonable space arrangement.

Good natural ventilation and lighting are the basic guarantee of indoor air quality. Research shows that indoor air quality is an important factor affecting the physical and mental health of the elderly. The living space of the elderly should be as sunny as possible to meet the needs of natural lighting, and the design of front and rear doors and windows should meet the needs of natural ventilation. For example, the landscape window with large glass floor-to-ceiling windows can create excellent indoor space effect and broad vision, but the disadvantage is that the window sash is not easy to open, which affects the indoor ventilation effect to some extent. Therefore, the movable window should be combined with the fixed window as much as possible in the design, and the handle position of the door and window should be lowered appropriately, and the height should be 75? It is appropriate to be between 95cm, which is convenient for the elderly. The bathroom should be equipped with mechanical ventilation devices to ensure good ventilation under any environmental conditions and the rapid discharge of dirty air to ensure the physical and mental health of the elderly.

2. 1.2 Environmental protection and safety of decorative materials.

The first element of healthy and environmentally friendly home environment for the elderly is the use of environmentally friendly materials. Materials used in decoration, such as MDF, plywood, particleboard, composite floor, core board, various latex paints, new furniture, etc., mostly contain harmful chemical components, which can gradually release toxic gases such as formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia and radon. People who live in indoor environment polluted by decoration for a long time will feel nausea and suffocation, dizziness, cough and asthma, skin allergy, neurasthenia, long-term infertility, decreased immunity and even cancer.

When designing old people's houses, we should try to use high-quality polyester paint and environment-friendly nitrocellulose paint to reduce the amount of alkyd paint used in rooms with poor air circulation. Paint, plywood, particleboard, foam filler, interior wall coating, plastic veneer and other materials all contain organic volatiles such as formaldehyde, benzene, toluene and chloroform, which are harmful to the health of the elderly. Such materials should be used less in the design to reduce the pollution caused by decorative materials and ensure the health of the elderly.

2. 1.3 Effectively control indoor radiation.

The main reason of indoor radiation is the electromagnetic radiation caused by the extensive use of decorative materials containing radioactive elements and improper use of household appliances.

2. 1.3. 1 In the choice of decorative materials.

If high-radiation decoration materials are used, people will have dizziness, leukopenia and other symptoms. Long-term exposure to high-concentration radiation may lead to cancer, leukemia and other diseases. Therefore, the elderly should avoid using a large number of decorative materials containing radioactive elements, such as tiles, mosaics, marble and granite.

2. 1.3.2 electromagnetic radiation generated by indoor appliances.

If the human body is exposed to the radiation generated by household appliances for a long time, symptoms such as nausea, headache and muscle pain may occur. This symptom is called. Electromagnetic radiation allergy syndrome? . People used to think that these symptoms were caused by psychological effects, but the British Health Protection Agency studied them carefully? Electromagnetic radiation allergy syndrome? After the scientific literature, I think this is really a disease.

According to scientific detection, refrigerators, microwave ovens, computers and other electrical appliances produce very large electromagnetic radiation. When the refrigerator is humming, the magnetic field released by the cooling pipe at the back or below the refrigerator is dozens or even hundreds times higher than that in the front (in front of the refrigerator 1? 9mG, up to 300mG in the back). Different from other household appliances, even if the microwave oven is not used, the magnetic field of the front keypad of some models can still be as high as 30? 60mG, and the magnetic field is greater than 200mG when used. As for the computer mainframe, most people tend to ignore it and often put it on the side of their legs to facilitate the insertion of the disk. In fact, the magnetic field in front of the host can exceed 4mG, and the higher the magnetic field behind it.

Designers should try to avoid the harm of electromagnetic radiation to the elderly when designing homes. Try not to put the back of the refrigerator where the elderly often exercise and rest, so as not to affect their health; When designing kitchen cabinets, we should fully consider the placement of microwave ovens to reduce the harm of magnetic fields emitted by microwave ovens to the elderly. When installing a computer, the host should be as far away from the elderly as possible. The farther the distance, the smaller the magnetic field and the less harm to the elderly.

The key area for measuring electromagnetic field in the family environment of the elderly is the bedroom. If the magnetic field in the bedroom is too large, it is very unfavorable to the health of the elderly. Therefore, TV sets, computers, refrigerators and other electrical appliances should not be concentrated in the bedroom. In principle, discharge less, especially don't point the TV at the foot of the bed and unplug it when not in use. In addition, try not to put audio, electric heaters, electric fans, air fresheners, air conditioners, etc. Stay close to the bed, otherwise it will affect the sleep quality of the elderly.

2.2 Family environment conducive to mental health

The home environment beneficial to mental health is to design the home environment according to the psychological characteristics and hobbies of the elderly, and create a comfortable and harmonious living environment for the elderly.

2.2. 1 What are the color requirements? Calm down? .

Old people like to recall the past, so the choice of room color should be simple. The peaceful and calm interior decoration color is related to the experience of the elderly. If the walls are made of elegant colors such as milky white and milky yellow, they can be matched with vibrant and not dull furniture. You can also choose furniture coated with different color agents according to the natural color of wood. You can also choose dark brown, camel, brown, pearl white, beige and other artificial colors of furniture. Light-colored furniture looks light and bright, while dark-colored furniture looks sedate and solemn, and the elderly can choose according to their own preferences. Walls and furniture are deep and shallow, which complement each other. As long as the contrast is not too strong, it can have a good visual effect.

2.2.2 To reflect the interests of the elderly.

Most elderly people have their own hobbies, such as painting and calligraphy, musical instruments, flowers, birds, fish and insects. In space design, collectibles can be combined with living space. Specifically, a room not only has functional requirements, such as living room, guest room, study and so on. It is also the main display and preservation space of the collection. In addition to the cover of cabinet furniture, there will be a considerable area of blank exposure on the indoor wall, so the wall should be properly decorated and beautified. Hanging pictures, hanging plates, tapestries, handicraft lamps, etc. can add interest to the elderly, and memorable things can arouse their beautiful memories.

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