Private investment and financing intermediary
In the name of investment and financial management, it promises risk-free and high returns, publicly sells financial products to the public to absorb public funds, and even fictitious investment projects or borrowers directly engage in fund-raising fraud.
Provide intermediary services such as introduction or guarantee for both the supply and demand sides of funds, and use the "many-to-one" or fund pool model to raise funds for third parties suspected of illegal fund-raising.
Entity enterprises set up their own investment and financing institutions for financing, and some enterprises even set up guarantee companies by themselves or through affiliated companies to provide guarantees for themselves.
Lend to the network
Some online lending platforms design loan demand as wealth management products and sell them to borrowers, or collect funds first and then find borrowers, so that lenders' funds can enter the intermediate account of the platform and form a pool of funds, which is suspected of illegally absorbing public deposits.
Some online lending platforms failed to fulfill their obligation to verify the authenticity of their identities, failed to discover or even acquiesce in the timely manner that borrowers posted a large amount of loan information on the platform under multiple false names, and raised funds from unspecified objects.
Individual online lending platforms fabricate false financing projects or borrowing targets, and adopt the Ponzi scheme mode of borrowing new and returning old to finance the platform parent company or its affiliated enterprises, which is suspected of fund-raising fraud.
virtual currency
With "mutual assistance", "charity" and "compound interest" as gimmicks, there is no physical project support and no clear investment target, and the inflated profits are realized by constantly developing new investors.
Taking high income, low threshold and quick return as bait is very attractive. For example, MMM Financial Mutual Aid Community claims that the monthly height is 30%, the annual income is 23 times, and 60 yuan invests 60,000 yuan, which can be withdrawn after 15 days.
There is no entity, and activities such as publicity, promotion and fund operation rely entirely on the network. The main organizer, the place where the website is registered, the location of the server, and the "multiple" funds involved.
By setting up bonus systems such as "recommendation award" and "management award", investors are encouraged to develop others to join, forming a hierarchical relationship between the upper and lower lines, which is manifested in the interweaving of illegal fund-raising and pyramid schemes.
real estate industry
Real estate enterprises illegally divide the whole commercial and service building into several small shops for sale, and induce the public to buy it by promising to rent it after sale, returning the rent at a high price regularly or buying it back after a certain period of time.
Before the project obtained the pre-sale permit of commercial housing, some housing enterprises even carried out sales financing in the form of internal subscription and issuing VIP cards. Some also "sell more in one room".
Real estate enterprises raise funds from the public directly or through intermediaries in the name of real estate project development.
privately offered fund
Publicly publicize to the society, raise funds from unspecified objects under the guise of false or exaggerated projects, and take capital preservation, high income and low threshold as bait.
Private equity institutions are involved in complex business, and they are also engaged in equity investment, P2P online lending, crowdfunding and other businesses, which leads to the transfer of risks between different businesses.
Local trading place
Spot electronic trading places of bulk commodities are suspected of illegal fund-raising risks. Some spot electronic exchanges package some businesses into wealth management products and sell them to the public through authorized service agencies and online platforms, promising a high fixed annualized rate of return.
Listed companies and intermediaries in regional equity markets are suspected of illegal fund-raising risks. With the assistance of relevant intermediaries, a few listed companies in individual regional equity markets (mostly cross-regional listings) publicize that they have been or will be "listed" in regional equity markets, sell or transfer "original shares" to the public, and some also promise fixed income, and their actions are suspected of illegal fund-raising; Some intermediaries who have obtained membership in the regional equity market have set up "equity crowdfunding" financing platforms to provide services for listed companies' illegal stock issuance activities.
mutual insurance
Relevant personnel fabricated false mutual insurance company construction projects to attract public participation by promising high returns, which seriously misled the public and was suspected of fund-raising fraud.
In the name of "mutual assistance" and "alliance", some non-insurance institutions have launched a variety of "mutual assistance plans" similar to mutual insurance forms, relying on the network platform. These so-called "mutual aid plans" simply charge a small amount of donation fees, have no scientific risk pricing and rate determination, do not conclude insurance contracts, do not abide by the principle of equal compensation, do not conform to the principles of insurance management, and are essentially different from mutual insurance. Its business entities also do not have legal insurance business qualifications and are not included in the scope of insurance supervision. This "mutual aid plan" business model is unsustainable, and it is difficult to effectively guarantee the performance of relevant commitments and the safety of funds, which may induce fraud and contain greater risks.
Elderly care service
Under the guise of providing old-age services, illegally absorbing public funds by collecting membership fees, "margin", promising to repay principal and interest or paying returns.
In the name of investing in old-age apartments or other related old-age projects, it promises to give high returns or provide old-age services as bait to lure the elderly to "join the investment".
Under the guise of selling health care, medical care and other pension-related products, we will attract the elderly to invest money through commodity repurchase, storage and sales, and consumption rebate. Criminals often cheat the trust of the elderly by holding so-called health talks, free medical examinations, free travel, giving small gifts, taking care of their families, etc., and attract investment from the elderly.
"Consumer Rebate" website
Consumer rebate websites put up banners such as "shopping = saving", claiming that after "shopping", the shopping money can be returned in batches within a period of time to attract public investment. At present, some rebate websites set many restrictions, so that participants can't take out all the invested funds, and some rebate websites also link the rebate amount with the number of participants invited to participate, becoming an MLM-like platform for developing offline members. This "consumption rebate" operation mode is difficult to maintain long-term capital operation. Once the capital chain breaks, participants will face serious losses.
Farmer cooperative
In some places, under the banner of cooperative finance, farmers' cooperatives have broken through the principles of "membership system" and "closure" and absorbed funds beyond the scope, and used them for lending to earn spreads or for other purposes.
Some cooperatives openly set up bank-style business outlets, halls or business counters to deceive and mislead rural people and illegally absorb public deposits.