Zhu Danxi wrote many works in his life, and many of his disciples were also arranged. According to relevant literature, Zhu Danxi wrote more than 20 kinds of medical works. However, due to the age, some works have been lost. The existing works are also very complicated, some are written by Zhu Danxi himself, some are compiled by his disciples, and some are pseudonyms.
First, academic characteristics
(A) the theory of excess of yang and decline of yin
From a philosophical point of view, the view that "Yang is always abundant and Yin is often insufficient" originated from Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi in the Northern Song Dynasty. The cloud says, "The movement of Yin and Yang in heaven and earth is full of ups and downs, and there is no breathing space. Yang is always full, and Yin is always deficient. One profit and one loss are uneven, and everything changes. " Influenced by this viewpoint, Zhu Danxi introduced it into medicine, and put forward the theory that "Yang is more than yin is insufficient". It says, "Man lives on the qi of heaven and earth, the yang of heaven is qi, and the yin of the earth is blood." Therefore, "Qi is always abundant and blood is often insufficient." It is also clear that most diseases are caused by "excess of yang and decline of yin", and it is advocated to treat them with "nourishing yin and reducing fire". Zhu Danxi's basic understanding of the rise and fall of Yin and Yang is the theory that Yang is more than Yin, and many contents of Zhu Danxi's medical thought are concrete manifestations of this view.
(B) the theory of phase fire
Zhu Danxi's theory of "phase fire" was inspired by Zhou Dunyi's Taiji diagram theory in Song Dynasty, combined with the theory of "less fire" and "great fire" in Neijing, and put forward on the basis of absorbing Li Dongyuan's theory of yang fire and discussing Liu Hejian's theory of fiery heat, and summarized the law of human life activities and its pathological changes.
(3) the theory of qi stagnation and blood stasis
Zhu Danxi is famous for treating miscellaneous diseases. Fang Guangri, a disciple of Zhu Danxi, said: "I hope it can be a law popularization, such as Zhang Changsha's exogenous diseases, his internal injuries, Liu Hejian's heat syndrome and his miscellaneous diseases." Wang Ming Lun summarized his psychological treatment of miscellaneous diseases into four aspects: "stagnation of qi and blood". Zhu Danxi believes that all miscellaneous diseases are nothing more than stagnation of qi and blood and phlegm. In treatment, qi and blood stagnation is the key link, and six qi causes diseases, so as to treat both the symptoms and root causes. The prescriptions used are Yiqi Sijunzi Decoction, Buxue Siwu Decoction, Huatan Erchen Decoction and Jieyu Yueju Pill, which are modified according to the syndrome. Zhu Danxi's influence on syndrome differentiation and treatment of miscellaneous diseases, to some extent, far exceeds the theory of nourishing yin, and also occupies a very important position in the academic development of traditional Chinese medicine.
Health theory
Zhu Danxi is not only a master of treating internal injuries and miscellaneous diseases, but also an accomplished health care scientist. His unique health-keeping thoughts, such as nourishing yin, staying at home and taking care of others, also have considerable influence in the field of health-keeping. For example, Zhu Danxi suggested: "It is better not to recuperate before illness than to seek medical treatment after illness ... before illness, we can understand the truth of taking people's lives." This shows that he attaches great importance to health care. In the theory of health preservation, the basic principle is to nourish yin and subdue yang, except desire to control quietness. Zhu Danxi's "Theory of Yang Prosperity and Yin Decline" emphasizes that under normal circumstances, the human body is prone to yang hyperactivity and yin decline. The purpose of this theory is to teach people to pay attention to the care of yin essence, so that the yin can be kept secret, so as to achieve the goal of good health and comfortable old age. Zhu Danxi's theory of health preservation is the concrete application of his theory of yang flourishing and yin declining in health preservation. Neo-Confucianism's idea of "preserving the natural principles and eliminating human desires" has influenced medicine, which is the first time that Zhu Danxi advocated this trend. Therefore, he put forward the principle of "quietness" in health preservation, taking nourishing yin and suppressing yang as the main principle in the whole life process. Many chapters in Ge Zhi Yu Lun, such as Diet Preface, Lust, Rudan Lun, Tonifying the House, Providing for the Aged, and Nurturing the Young, all discuss the close relationship between nourishing yin and nursing life, and earnestly warn people to be good at nourishing Yin Qi and protecting people's yin essence at all times.
(5) criticize the shortcomings of the bureau.
From Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties, the overall feature of medical development is the accumulation of rich medical practice experience, which is marked by the emergence of a large number of prescriptions. For example, Fangtai and Waitai in the Tang Dynasty, Taiping in the Song Dynasty and the General Record of Shengji all collected more than 10,000 yuan, which was the collection of prescription science at that time and the summary and accumulation of practical experience in previous dynasties. These famous prescriptions, after repeated tests, are indeed effective and promulgated by official medical institutions in the form of standard prescriptions, so they have great authority and certain practical basis. For example, "Taiping Huimin Bureau" and "Heji Bureau" formally established in the Northern Song Dynasty, after a period of screening and identification of many prescriptions, made them violate the contract, selected clinically effective prescriptions and compiled them into books, and promulgated them in the form of standard prescriptions of official medical institutions. At that time, whether citizens or doctors were ill, this book was often used as evidence for prosecution. Although the popularity of these famous prescriptions provided important reference for doctors, they were also popular for a period of time because of their authority and convenience, which played a positive role in the development of medicine. However, at that time, some doctors were conformist and lacked a profound theoretical understanding of the rules of clinical diagnosis and treatment, which led to the abuse of "Fang Ju" at that time, with many prescriptions and drugs, and the clinic was at a loss. In addition, the prescription of "Fang Ju" tends to be warm and dry, which was formulated and issued by the imperial court, so it was widely circulated. After abuse, symptoms of warm and dry yin, yin deficiency and hyperactivity of yang appeared.