(1) Stay in bed and have a good rest. Because the puerperal women are weak and lack of qi and blood, the uterus, organs and diaphragm are displaced before delivery. However, these organs should be restored to their original positions after delivery, and the uterus should exclude lochia. Adequate rest and correct bed rest methods must be ensured, which is conducive to the recovery of qi and blood, the elimination of lochia, and the decline and return of diaphragm, heart and stomach.
Ensuring adequate rest for pregnant women does not mean "getting up later is better". Some people unilaterally think that pregnant women are weak and in urgent need of nutrition, so it is more harmful than good to let them lie still for a long time and let them eat in bed. Because of not getting up for a long time after delivery, it is easy to cause venous thrombosis of lower limbs of pregnant women who are already in hypercoagulable state. At the same time, the muscle tissue at the bottom of the pelvic cavity lacks exercise after delivery, which will not support the uterus, rectum and bladder, and it is easy to cause uterine prolapse and rectal or bladder bulging.
Experts in obstetrics and gynecology of traditional Chinese medicine advocate that you can't go to bed immediately after delivery. You should close your eyes and sit for a while. If mother falls asleep, her family should wake her up at any time. The reason is that when sleeping, the yin is too strong, the yang is not strong, the blood circulation is slow, the epidemic gas is not smooth, and it is easy to stagnate between the bones and muscles, leading to fatigue. When you close your eyes, your heart is connected with your blood, and your blood can circulate.
When a lying-in woman sleeps, she can't lie on her left side, and her heart is easily crushed, which will affect her blood circulation. You should lie on your right side, bend your limbs naturally and relax your muscles and bones, which is conducive to eliminating fatigue and keeping the airway and blood collaterals unobstructed.
In order to increase the thermal insulation effect of bedding, the mattress is thicker than the quilt. Covering with a thin quilt has no pressure on the body. The mattress should have a certain softness, because the softness of the mattress is closely related to the quality of sleep, but sleeping on a mattress that is too soft and elastic is not good for maternal sleep. The quilt cover of lying-in women should be gentle, minimize and avoid irritation to the skin and help them fall asleep. Maternal women should not wear tight underwear to sleep, and it is best to wear soft and wide pajamas to make the skin blood flow unobstructed and reduce irritation. Pay attention to the particularity of the baby's bedding, because the baby stays in bed for a long time, sweats more and loses more water than adults. Because there are many opportunities for spitting milk and urinating to pollute the bed, and the baby's own mobility is extremely weak, it generally does not turn over on its own. Therefore, the baby's bedding hygiene is particularly important. The bed must be kept in a proper temperature and dry state. But how much bedding each baby needs to cover depends on the room temperature and the baby's age, and can't force unity. The method is to observe the baby's mood. Generally speaking, if the bed is comfortable, the child will be in a good mood, won't cry, won't make trouble, and sleep well; When the baby is crying in the bed, parents should check whether all aspects of the bed are suitable. When you find sweat spots on your baby's back, you should consider whether it is caused by the high temperature of the bed. In addition, the baby's quilt should not be too heavy. If it is too heavy, it will not only affect its sleep, but also cause the baby to suffocate and die due to mistakes. The mattress should not be too thick. Because the baby loses a lot of water, the mattress should always bask in the sun and keep dry. Its mattress is easy to get dirty, so it's better to use two mattresses, and the top one is made of thin washable cloth. The baby doesn't need a pillow. Fold the towel into two or four folds and put it under his head instead of a pillow.
Maternal mood should be stable before going to bed, that is, keep quiet and calm, and avoid anxiety and anger, because anger will lead to qi and blood upwelling, emotional excitement and irritability, and it is difficult to fall asleep. Not only angry, but any drastic change of mood will cause qi disorder and lead to insomnia. In view of this, Cai Jitong's Sleep Tactics in the Song Dynasty pointed out: "Sleep first, then sleep." The so-called sleep first means that you must be emotionally stable before going to bed and don't get excited.
(2) Pay attention to the knowledge of bathing. It is sultry in midsummer and people sweat a lot, which is even more unbearable for women in puerperium. Then, can I take a shower in the meantime?
In some places, especially in rural areas, it is wrong for pregnant women to take a bath after the full moon. Maternal bleeding during childbirth, physical exertion, physical fatigue, therefore, in the puerperium, the body's self-regulation function and immune function are greatly reduced, that is, the resistance is very poor. At this time, contaminated bacteria on the skin can often enter the maternal body. Can cause dermatitis, mastitis, perineal inflammation and so on. Postpartum skin excretion function is also strong, sweating a lot. If you take a bath in time during this period, you can increase the whole body blood circulation, accelerate metabolism, promote the smooth pores of sweat glands, regulate autonomic nerves, restore physical strength, and relieve physical and mental fatigue. It can be seen that pregnant women should pay more attention to personal hygiene. Generally speaking, women (normal delivery) can take a bath 24 hours after delivery (preferably from the third day), but it is not suitable for bath. The water temperature is around 40℃. Clinical experience has proved that bathing does not affect the recovery of the uterus, but can eliminate the bacteria infected on the skin, relieve the fatigue of the body during childbirth, make the parturient feel comfortable and contribute to the recovery of the physique.
The above is not just saying that you can take a bath in summer. Similarly, you can take a bath in other seasons, but you should pay attention to different seasons, and the precautions for bathing are different. If you don't want to be cold in summer, you will feel cold after delivery and your blood will stagnate, leading to irregular menstruation and physical pain. Take a bath in winter, the bathroom should be warm and the bath water should be hot, but don't sweat, because sweating too much will hurt the yin, which is even worse for pregnant women who have already hurt their body fluid and consumed gas. In addition, it should be noted that the number of maternal baths should not be too much, slightly less than that of normal people; And after taking a bath, you should eat a little diet to supplement your tired blood.
(3) Pay attention to oral hygiene. Nowadays, not only rural women don't brush their teeth, but Liancheng women seldom brush their teeth. Even some educated women can't be exquisite during the puerperium, and finally they just rinse their mouths after meals. Doing so will cause dental caries, periodontitis and various oral diseases. So, what is the reason? It is said that he was afraid that brushing his teeth in the next month would lead to loose teeth, so he said, "I lost a tooth when I gave birth." This statement has no scientific basis.
Studies have confirmed that under normal circumstances, there are about 30 kinds of bacteria growing and reproducing in the human mouth, which is the place with the most bacteria in various organs of the human body. For example, the saliva of ordinary people contains more than 6 billion bacteria per milliliter and 200 billion bacteria per gram of tartar samples. Even the mouthwash of ordinary people contains about 500 thousand bacteria per milliliter. The common bacteria in oral cavity are Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and so on. These bacteria are easy to accumulate in the concave parts of the tooth surface (such as pits, grooves or other places that are difficult to clean).
When a woman is pregnant, due to the role of hormones in the body, the capillaries of the gums are in a state of expansion, and symptoms such as congestion and pain will occur. Medically called "gingivitis during pregnancy", it usually lasts for a period of time after delivery. If a woman suffers from dental diseases before pregnancy, these symptoms will be aggravated. Due to the needs of the growth of mothers and babies after delivery, most of them need to add a few snacks in addition to three meals a day, so the intake of sweets is bound to be more than usual. Because sweets will increase the acidity in the mouth, and the temperature and humidity of the mouth itself are suitable, which creates unique conditions for the growth and reproduction of bacteria. If oral hygiene is neglected at this time, it will not only produce bad breath, but also easily suffer from oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontal disease, which will affect the future health of pregnant women. It can be seen that pregnant women should do a good job in oral hygiene. The method is as follows:
First, rinse your mouth in time after meals. This can not only remove food residues and tartar from the mouth, but also gargle itself is like a massage to teeth, which can enhance the disease resistance of dental plaque tissue. Therefore, rinse your mouth with warm water 10~ 15 times after meals.
The second is to insist on brushing your teeth in the morning and evening. Brush for 3 minutes at a time, preferably with warm water to avoid cold water stimulation. Brush both inside and outside, not too hard or too hard.
Third, it is good to knock your teeth often. Can make pregnant women use the physiological stimulation formed by chewing exercise to improve the disease resistance of gums themselves. Knock your teeth evenly, not too fast or too slow, and bite your upper and lower teeth about 50 times in the morning and evening.
It should be pointed out that in order to ensure the special needs of tooth growth and metabolism for certain nutrients and prevent teeth from loosening, pregnant women should pay attention to adjusting their diet structure and eat more foods rich in calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A and vitamin D.
Chinese medicine advocates washing fingers within 3 days after delivery, because this method has the function of promoting blood circulation and dredging collaterals and strengthening teeth. The method is: wash your right index finger, or wrap it with clean gauze, then squeeze toothpaste on your finger and wipe it up and down like a toothbrush, and then massage your gums with your index finger several times.
(4) Strengthen the maintenance of hair. In some rural areas, it is said that combing and washing your hair once a month will lead to hair loss in the future and a headache that can't be cured for life. Obviously, this is wrong. However, postpartum alopecia often brings many troubles to some young women, and its incidence rate is about 35% ~ 45%.
The first is mental alopecia caused by psychological factors; Followed by hair loss caused by physiological factors. Hair growth needs not only rich protein, but also some trace elements, especially zinc. However, some modern women attach great importance to body beauty. In order to keep their ideal figure, they go on a diet, are picky eaters and have a partial eclipse. The result is a lack of some trace elements. In normal times, "contradictions" are not prominent enough. There are two mouths after pregnancy, and the demand is large. In addition, if postpartum mood is unhappy, mental stress is great, and you can't eat, the contradiction between supply and demand will become more prominent. Therefore, postpartum hair loss occurs. Another aspect of hair loss caused by physiological factors is the sudden change of "internal environment" in the body, which refers to the "imbalance" of hormone ratio in the body. Before pregnancy and after puberty, the sex hormones in the body are from scratch, from more to less, and the internal environment reaches a balance after a commotion. After pregnancy, the proportion of sex hormones in the body was "adjusted" again. After delivery, the delivery of placenta changes the proportion of hormones just adjusted in the body, and the change of internal environment makes the old hair fall off, and the new hair can't grow for a while, resulting in the phenomenon of "green and yellow" hair loss. Finally, hair loss caused by pathological factors is related to excessive blood loss, because hair grows luxuriantly and is also related to the quantity and quality of blood. Because women lose some blood during childbirth, they are prone to hair loss. If postpartum hemorrhage occurs, not only will hair fall off, but even pubic hair and armpit hair will fall off. Although postpartum hair loss is easy, it is not impossible. Commonly used measures are as follows:
First, comb your hair often. Some pregnant women never comb their hair in the second month, thinking that combing their hair will catch the wind and there will always be a headache. In fact, after delivery, sweat glands secrete vigorously. If you don't wash your hair and comb your hair, it will be unkempt and smelly after a long time, which is very unsanitary. Combing your hair often can not only keep your hair clean, but also accelerate blood circulation, supplement nutrition and achieve the purpose of preventing hair loss. Bitter hair is too long to bond easily, so you should comb it slowly to avoid hurting your scalp. It is best to cut your hair short before delivery to facilitate postpartum combing. In order to prevent hair loss, you can also massage the scalp: rub the scalp with ten fingers, from the forehead to the back pillow, or comb the scalp with ten fingertips like combing your hair, which can improve the blood circulation of the scalp, increase the nutritional supply of hair follicles and promote new hair growth.
Second, wash your hair regularly. Some pregnant women lose some hair when they see their hair washed once, so they dare not wash their hair. But if you don't wash your hair for a long time and your scalp is not clean, it will affect the breathing of hair follicle cells, leading to hair loss or aggravating hair loss.
Third, don't be nervous and anxious. Because the blood circulation and nutrient supply of hair are generally dominated by autonomic nerves, the nervous system is disturbed by emotional changes, which will inevitably affect the blood supply of hair and lead to hair loss.
(5) combine work and rest. Maternal women can neither stay in bed nor exercise prematurely or excessively. Don't stand for long. If they feel a little tired, they should lie down and rest. Due to the relaxation of postpartum abdominal muscles, pelvic floor muscles and uterine ligaments, if you get out of bed too early and work too early, it will lead to uterine prolapse, hemorrhoids, proctoptosis and other diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that postpartum qi and blood weakness, premature and overwork will make the injured qi and blood injured again, and it is difficult to predict recovery. Wang Kentang, an expert in gynecology, once pointed out: "The postpartum days are shallow (referring to postpartum days), sedentary, audio-visual, talkative, or hard, so I feel pain in my neck, arms and limbs, and it is called postpartum overwork." This shows the harmfulness of postpartum overwork. Clinically, some elderly women suffer from hemorrhoids and uterine prolapse, which are all caused by overwork and insufficient postpartum rest. However, some modern women often watch TV for a long time, listen to their favorite music for a long time, or talk for a long time because they see their friends after giving birth. Chinese medicine believes that "watching too long hurts blood", "talking too much hurts gas" and "listening too long hurts spirit". Visible, all excessive behavior, beyond the scope of a person's physical strength, will cause physical damage.
Because the newborn baby is weak and needs to be fully nursed back to health, so the mother should pay full attention to rest, but it is not good for her to stay in bed completely. Within 24 hours after delivery, you should consciously urinate to prevent urinary retention. Under normal circumstances, you can relieve yourself after 24 hours. You can stay in bed for 3~5 days after delivery, and it is best to do postpartum exercise, which can prevent uterine prolapse and accelerate your recovery. You can get out of bed after one week. But don't stand for a long time, because the children in the month usually have to breastfeed once every 2 to 3 hours, and the evening is no exception. If it is not good, it will affect the rest and sleep of the parturient, which is not conducive to physical recovery. Learn to adapt to the baby's life rules, that is, feed and exercise when the baby is awake, and sleep with the mother when the baby is asleep. Some pregnant women suffering from severe heart disease, kidney disease, neuropsychiatric diseases and pregnant women who fall ill in the second month should pay attention to rest more, get up late, don't rush to do housework, and don't be forced when they can't breastfeed.
It is very important for a woman to have a good rest, that is, it is best to let her husband wait for next month. Because in the days and nights of hard work for his wife, through her husband's meticulous care and considerate care, his wife's heart will be warmed and she will feel happy and great as a mother, so that the fruit of love between husband and wife will be more mature and sweet. In addition, husband and wife spend the whole day together, sometimes chatting deeply or shallowly, some work is done more or less, some food is done well or not, and some places are served well or not, which is nothing between husband and wife, even if it is a little abrupt or negligent, it will not cause any disputes and bad feelings. It's different if the old people take care of them, especially the mother-in-law. The atmosphere may not be so harmonious. If it is not good, it will affect family harmony. It may also affect breastfeeding and hurt children because of the sudden change of wife's mood.