Jun porcelain reached its peak in the Song Dynasty and became one of the five famous kilns at that time, with the same name as Ru kiln, Guan kiln, Ge kiln and Ding kiln. Because Jun porcelain was famous for a while, it was revived after the Song Dynasty moved south. During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, the kilns in the north were still competing for imitation. In the Yuan Dynasty, Jun porcelain in the north gradually declined, while imitation Jun porcelain in the south of the Yangtze River quietly rose and became a common practice. In particular, some famous porcelain producing areas, such as Tiedian Kiln in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province and Jizhou Kiln in Ji 'an, Jiangxi Province, produced dazzling kiln glazes from the Southern Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty. The copper-red glaze fired in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province obviously has the same coloring principle as that of Song Jun's copper-red glaze, and even became the origin of ruby red, Ji Hong, Lang Yaohong, Meirenzui and other glazes in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, low-temperature glazed art ceramics were fired in Yixing, Jiangsu, Shiwan, Guangdong and Jingdezhen, Jiangxi. They are all new varieties produced under the influence of Jun porcelain, which not only absorbs the excellent tradition of Jun porcelain technology, but also innovates. Due to historical changes and other reasons, Jun porcelain had basically stopped firing before the founding of New China. In the early 1950s, under the care of Premier Zhou Enlai, Jun porcelain was restored in Yuxian, her hometown. Nowadays, Jun porcelain has become an important carrier to inherit and carry forward traditional art, develop tourism, communicate with foreign cultures, and develop and revitalize Yuzhou economy.
Jun kiln was built in Tang Dynasty, burned in Song Dynasty, flourished in Jin and Yuan Dynasties, reburied in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and continued to be copied. After thousands of years, it flourished and burned, forming a huge jun kiln system. Up to now, there are as many as 80 sites of Jun Kiln in Northern Song Dynasty found in Yuzhou, especially at the foot of Daliushan Mountain in Shenhou Town. The earliest extant Zhou Junzhi in Yuzhou said: "The porcelain kiln is at the foot of Liushan Mountain in the west of Yuzhou". In Xiabaiyu Village and Lizhuang Township, Shendong Town, Yuzhou City, black glaze and brown glaze high-temperature kiln-changed flower porcelain were unearthed successively, which was called "Tang Jun" by ceramists and was the predecessor of Jun porcelain in Song Dynasty. After the "Jingkang Revolution" in the Song Dynasty (1 126), the Song Dynasty moved south, the official kiln stopped burning, and Jun porcelain was once frustrated. In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Jun porcelain had a new development, and all parts of the country rushed to imitate it, which was all the rage and Jun kilns spread all over the country. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, due to war and famine, Jun kiln production gradually declined. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the porcelain-making center moved south, the famous kilns in the north declined, and the Jun kilns basically stopped burning. In the late Qing Dynasty, Jun porcelain was revived. By the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), there were more than 10 Jun porcelain burners in Shenhou Town. During the Republic of China, due to frequent wars and famines, it was difficult to produce Jun porcelain. After the 31st year of the Republic of China (1942), due to drought and political chaos, coupled with the outflow of artists, Jun porcelain production tended to stop. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially since the reform and opening up, as a national ceremony, it has developed rapidly and reached a new height.
Jun porcelain originated from Shendong Town, Yuzhou City, Henan Province, which is located in the mountainous area and is rich in natural resources. There is a legend that "Nanshan coal, Xishan glaze and Dongshan porcelain clay are everywhere". Traditionally, without these conditions, the production of Jun porcelain will not succeed in any country. Jun kiln porcelain has always been called "the treasure of the country". Among the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty, it is unique because of its "colorful glaze and incomparable brilliance". It creatively uses copper oxide as colorant, and fires the kiln-changed copper red glaze in reducing flame, and derives a variety of kiln-changed colors, such as tomato skin purple, begonia red, lilac red, vermilion red, rose purple, chicken blood red and so on, just like rosy clouds in the blue sky, full of colorful colors. The flowing lines in the glaze are more like flowing clouds, unpredictable and endless in artistic conception.
Jun porcelain is famous for its beautiful glaze color, and its perfect shape adds luster to Jun porcelain. Its dignified and vigorous shape and concise lines are more suitable for the overflow flow of glaze. After high temperature reducing atmosphere, the thick glaze changes such as drawing, deposition and crystallization, showing traces similar to rabbit hair color lines or earthworm mud, as well as three-dimensional color spots or needle-shaped stars. Glaze color flows freely, forming all kinds of strange pictures, which are unique. With people's rich imagination, it has become a variety of wonderful natural landscapes, such as mountains and clouds, waterfalls in canyons, stars all over the sky, bamboo and smoke, festive fireworks and wave boats. Amazing, amazing, can be called a national treasure.
Jun porcelain is a precious heritage in China's traditional culture. Especially in the late Northern Song Dynasty, the production of official kiln Jun porcelain reached a perfect level in terms of modeling design, firing technology or variety, glaze color and artistic style, and even imitated Jun porcelain prevailed in the Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Due to the different technological conditions and aesthetics, since the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Jun-like kilns have not only inherited the traditional skills, but also created and fired a number of new varieties with the characteristics of the times.
Jun porcelain enjoys a long-standing reputation at home and abroad for its bright colors and unique artistic style. In foreign countries, Jun porcelain is called "China Precious Porcelain", which is a rare artistic treasure. Jun porcelain not only stands out from other porcelains in color, but also has its own style in modeling and glazing. Jun porcelain has many colors, too numerous to mention. The most famous ones are: rose red, begonia red, carmine red, chicken blood red, cinnabar red, eggplant purple, grape purple, Ying Ge green, lush green, plum green, azure and various kiln colors. According to legend, carmine, green and ink are rare products.
Jun porcelain modeling is characterized by solemnity, richness, simplicity and elegance. Jun porcelain has sharp edges and corners, beautiful lines, simple patterns and unique carvings. The traditional works of Jun porcelain, such as Zun, Ding, Bowl, Wash, Bottle and other furnishings, are placed in the courtyard, magnificent and full of brightness; Chen Zhi's several cases are pleasing to the eye and elegant. Jun porcelain is pure, firm and fine, crisp and pleasing to the ear. The enamel of Jun porcelain is deep and vivid, glittering and translucent as jade, and has a bright and flowing feeling. Glaze often presents lines such as pearl spots, roe, tussah silk, crab claws and earthworms. The ancients praised the enamel purity and gorgeous glaze color of Jun porcelain with "colorful jade" and "Jun porcelain is more beautiful than jade". Jun porcelain has different glaze colors, some are monochrome and some are multicolor, but we can't find two products with the same color. This is what people call "unparalleled Jun porcelain", and it is also an aspect of the unique artistic style of Jun porcelain. The unique artistic style of Jun porcelain has always been appreciated by people from all walks of life at home and abroad. The economic value of Jun porcelain is more valued by the same industry.
The preciousness of Jun porcelain lies in its unique kiln glaze color, and its glaze color is naturally formed, not artificially painted. The glaze color of each piece of Jun porcelain is unique, that is, "Jun porcelain is unparalleled", and the glaze color is transparent, lively, pure, solid and delicate. The knocking sound is mellow and pleasant, crisp and pleasant; The scenery is dignified and elegant, simple and elegant, and its glaze color is colorful, dazzling and natural, forming a series of magical pictures, such as the forest return, sunset, mountain clouds, canyon waterfalls and Boya fiddling in western Western jackdaw. These glazed paintings are ever-changing, with endless meanings and timeless charm. Celebrities once described the wonderful changes of Jun porcelain kiln as "a painting of Yuan people coming out of the kiln, and the fallen leaves in the cold forest return to crows at dusk", "The sun shines red after the rain, and the sunset suddenly turns purple-green", "The waterfall in the canyon is full of silk thread, and the kiln has become a wonder in the sky", and there are also "Jun is more beautiful than jade, Jun is more beautiful than jade. Jun porcelain is loved by the world and famous at home and abroad, mainly because of its artistic charm and strong visual aesthetic feeling. Its unique kiln transformation process is completely different from other porcelains. She does not paint or carve, and strictly controls the chemical composition of porcelain tires and glazes. Through factors such as temperature and cooling in the firing process, the colors and patterns of the glaze layer on the surface of porcelain are ever-changing, resulting in the effects of "unparalleled kiln" and "one color in the kiln is ever-changing". So it's still quite popular and expensive.
Jun porcelain is magnificent, rich, blue as sky, white as jade, purple as grapes and red as peony. An object can be a pure color or several reflected colors. Coupled with the unpredictable flow pattern, its natural effect is far from being achieved by deliberate pursuit and artificial modification. It embodies the noble spirit of an elegant, gorgeous and ethereal emperor.
The modeling lines of Jun porcelain are simple and generous. There are about 200 traditional shapes. Mainly include: incense burner, treasure elephant bottle, gourd bottle, connecting bottle, jade pot spring bottle, plum bottle, Shuanglong living ring bottle, goose neck bottle, halberd statue, Sanyang Kaitai statue, lotus statue, flowerpot, drum washing nail, bowl and so on.
There are dozens of new varieties, mainly fish bottles, Temple of Heaven bottles, Sun and Moon bottles, Guanyin, Maitreya, Zhong Kui, Zodiac, animals, flower arrangements, stationery, tea sets, hanging dishes and so on.
Jun porcelain, as an ancient art, has experienced a long and glorious history. It not only has the reputation of official kiln, but also won the love of ordinary people and passed down from generation to generation. Nowadays, "Wang Xietang died in the past and flew into the homes of ordinary people", which not only won the favor of the general public, but also went to the world. There are several reasons for this:
First, the inherent artistic charm of Jun porcelain itself, preserved in the boudoir, lasts forever and is finally known.
The second is the awakening of the consciousness of returning to the world tradition from the middle and late 20th century. Jun porcelain is the art of earth and fire, and it is the natural combination of man and nature. Its traditional cohesion and natural beauty transcend time and space, and it has a strong affinity for different people of different times and different cultural backgrounds.
Third, China people's living standards, cultural level and artistic appreciation level have all improved, and they pay attention to spiritual enjoyment and improve their quality of life. They have money and leisure, which can be collected and appreciated.
Fourthly, today's Jun porcelain products, on the basis of inheriting the tradition, adapt to modern people's aesthetic taste and home characteristics, adopt modern scientific and technological means in technology, boldly innovate and make outstanding achievements. 1979 The Treasure Map presented by Hong Kong after its return to Henan is a typical representative of Jun porcelain innovation.
My answer is very long. I hope the landlord will watch it in detail.
Source: Bao Bo Art Network