List of articles: 1. What is the efficacy and function of gypsum and how to eat it? 2. What is the function of gypsum? 3. The efficacy and function of concha Haliotidis. What are the edible effects of gypsum? 5. What is the effect of eating raw Shichanggou? What is the function of eating cattail raw? 6. What is the efficacy and function of raw concha Haliotidis? What is the efficacy, function and eating method of gypsum? Clearing heat and purging fire, quenching thirst and astringing muscles.
The main treatments are: apoplexy, cold and heat, heart-qi disorder, palpitation, dry mouth, inability to rest, abdominal pain, elimination of pathogenic factors, and postpartum golden sore.
Dehumidification can cause headache, body heat, triple energizer fever, dermatosis, stagnation of stomach qi, muscle sweating, thirst quenching, abdominal distension, flatulence, wheezing and throat fever, and can also be used as bath soup.
Gypsum can be partially converted into soluble calcium salt by gastric acid, which can increase blood calcium concentration, have central sedative effect, inhibit nerve stress, reduce skeletal muscle excitability and relieve muscle spasm.
It can also reduce the permeability of blood vessels, so it has spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory effects.
It is suitable for eczema, ulcer and non-convergence after scald.
Commonly used in combination with Cortex Phellodendri and Indigo Naturalis for external use to clear heat and promote granulation.
For lung heat, cough and polydipsia.
Almond and ephedra are commonly used to clear lung, relieve cough and asthma, such as Maxingshi dry soup.
Suitable for stomach fire, headache, toothache and gum swelling and pain.
It is often combined with Anemarrhena asphodeloides and Achyranthes bidentata for purging fire and relieving pain, such as Jade Girl Decoction.
The oral administration method of gypsum is generally to make gypsum glutinous rice soup: 10g ~ 15g gypsum, put it in a pot and cook it with japonica rice, and the japonica rice is equal to gypsum.
What does gypsum do? Gypsum is natural gypsum dihydrate (CaSO4 2H2O), also known as fine stone, also known as "cold water stone", which is mainly used to treat apoplexy, cold and heat, stop sweating, relieve dry mouth, headache and toothache.
Efficacy and function of concha Haliotidis
The efficacy and function of concha Haliotidis is also one of the most common medicinal materials in daily life. It can treat dizziness, blurred vision and other diseases, and is a good medicine for patients with eye diseases.
Now let's take a closer look at the efficacy and function of concha Haliotidis.
Efficacy and function of concha Haliotidis 1
First, the efficacy of concha Haliotidis
Alias: Haliotis diversicolor, Senecio scandens, abalone shell, Hainan shell, sea-watching shell, abalone shell, nine-hole abalone shell, abalone skin and golden clam skin.
Sexual taste: salty; Sexual apathy
Meridian tropism: Liver tropism.
Efficacy: calming the liver and clearing heat; Clear your eyes and go to sleep.
Indications: headache and dizziness; Blind; Blurred vision; Green blind finch
dosage
Oral administration: decoction, 10-30g, mashed and decocted first; I still took the pills and dispersed them.
External use: appropriate amount, ground into powder, fly some eyes.
Source: Abalone shell is the shell of Haliotis diversicolor, Haliotis discus hannai, Haliotis discus hannai and Haliotis diversicolor.
Concha Haliotidis calms the liver and clears heat; Clear your eyes and go to sleep.
Concha Haliotidis governs headache and dizziness; Blind; Blurred vision; Green blind finch
Concha Haliotidis is used for headache, dizziness, red eyes, blurred vision and green blindness.
Concha Haliotidis is used to treat wind-yang imbalance, headache, dizziness, convulsion, bone steaming, fatigue, blindness and cataract.
Raw concha Haliotidis, calming the liver and suppressing yang, clearing away heat and improving eyesight, and treating red eyes, swelling and pain caused by liver fire and dizziness; Calcined Concha Haliotidis can reduce coldness and astringency, and can calm and astringe the liver. Used for bone steaming, fatigue, cataract and traumatic bleeding. Abalone; Increase salty cold and nourish yin, and be good at nourishing liver and kidney, nourishing yin and clearing heat.
Second, the role of concha Haliotidis
1, concha Haliotidis for hypertension: concha Haliotidis 30g, oyster 30g, Rehmannia glutinosa 15g, chrysanthemum 9g.
Decoct with water.
Three times a day.
2, abalone shell to cure throat wind: abalone shell burned with vinegar for three times, ground into fine powder, adjusted with rice vinegar, goose feather dipped in throat, spit effect.
("Materia Medica")
3. Concha Haliotidis for hypertension: 30g of Concha Haliotidis, 30-60g of Semen Cassiae, 0/2-/0/5g of Eucommia ulmoides, and 30-60g of Prunella vulgaris.
Decoct with water.
4, abalone treatment of small intestine five gonorrhea: abalone peeled rough, mashed fine.
If the last medicine is poured with soft and hard things, add fine dead wood powder and adjust the amount of money with boiling water.
("Winning the Gold Party")
5. Concha Haliotidis for hypertension: 30g of concha Haliotidis, 24g of Uncaria, 9g of Bombyx Batryticatus, 9g of Chrysanthemum, and 0/5g of Prunella vulgaris/kloc-.
Decoct with water (suitable for senile hypertension and headache).
(Qingdao Zhongzhuo Medical Manual)
6. Concha Haliotidis is used to treat green blindness: one or two concha Haliotidis (calcined and preserved) and three or two atractylodes (peeled).
To end it.
Every time, take San Qian, cover the pig liver, stick the medicine powder inside, cook it in casserole, smoke your eyes with gas, and wait for the liver to drink juice to cool.
(About Ophthalmology and Dragonwood)
7. Abalone is used to treat wind and toxic gas, which makes the eyes dim and the head is unfavorable: one or two abalone, notopterygium root (removing reed head), cassia seed, chrysanthemum and half licorice.
Five flavors, Luo San.
Take two Bi Yuan and a lamp water at a time, fry for six minutes, and take warm clothes with you after eating.
("Sheng Ji Zong Lu" Shi Guiming III)
8. Concha Haliotidis is used to treat liver deficiency and blood weakness, but it will be dim for a long time: Concha Haliotidis, Fructus Schisandrae, Semen Cuscutae (soaked in wine for one night, don't mash it into powder), Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (baked), Asari (removed seedlings) and Radix Rehmanniae Preparata (baked).
The top is fine powder, and honey is a pill, as big as a buttonwood tree.
Take 30 capsules each time, hollow, and have a meal.
("Shen Fang" Shi Guiming Pill)
Although Concha Haliotidis is very helpful in treating diseases, not everyone can use this medicine. For those with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold, use concha Haliotidis with caution. People with indigestion and gastric acid deficiency should avoid using concha Haliotidis.
The above article introduces the efficacy and function of Concha Haliotidis in detail, and I believe everyone has already understood this medicine.
Efficacy and function of concha Haliotidis Ⅱ
1, concha Haliotidis
Concha Haliotidis, also known as mother-of-pearl, mullet nail, nine-hole snail, Senecio scandens, abalone skin and golden clam skin.
It is also a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine, which is a crustacean of abalone, and is often used for compatibility with other Chinese herbal medicines or for soaking in water and cooking porridge.
However, "medicine has three poisons." Concha Haliotidis will have a certain toxic effect on the body if eaten in large quantities or by mistake. Here I will introduce some functions and functions of Concha Haliotidis and its medicinal formula.
2. Nutritional value of concha Haliotidis.
The shell of Haliotis discus hannai contains more than 90% calcium carbonate, about 3.67% organic matter, a small amount of magnesium, iron, silicate, sulfate, phosphate, chloride and a very small amount of iodine. After calcination, carbonate decomposes to produce calcium oxide, while organic matter is destroyed.
3. The efficacy and function of concha Haliotidis
Calming the liver and clearing heat; Clear your eyes and go to sleep.
Headache and dizziness; Blind; Blurred vision; Green blind finch
Used for headache, dizziness, red eyes, blurred vision and green blindness.
Treat wind-yang imbalance, headache, dizziness, convulsion, bone steaming, fatigue, green blindness and cataract.
1 "Don't go the other way": main eye pain, blue blindness.
② Materia Medica of Haiyao: Treating cataract caused by green blindness, wind-heat of liver and lung and exhaustion of bone steaming.
3 "Outline": Lin.
4 "Materia Medica from the New": The more gangrene.
5 "Materia Medica Seeking the Original": Soft and firm, nourishing the kidney, treating hemorrhoids and leakage.
Manual of Shandong Chinese Herbal Medicine: calming the liver and improving eyesight, and treating dizziness.
4. Common formula of concha Haliotidis
1 Wind therapy poison gas hits the head, causing dim eyes. Adverse leaders: concha Haliotidis and Notopterygii Rhizoma each have one or two (removing the reed head), cassia seed and chrysanthemum each have one or two, and licorice root is half (file).
Five flavors are served and ground into powder. Take two Bi Yuan and Yi Deng water at a time and fry them until half cooked. After eating, they lie down and get warm clothes.
("Sheng Ji Zong Lu" Shi Guiming III)
Treatment of vertigo: Concha Haliotidis eight money, Chrysanthemum four money, Lycium barbarum four money, mulberry leaf San Qian.
Decoct with water.
(Shandong Handbook of Chinese Herbal Medicine)
3. Treatment of tremella fuciformis: Concha Haliotidis is six yuan, Sodium Sulfate is two yuan, Rhubarb is one yuan and five cents, Chrysanthemum San Qian, Cicada San Qian, Tribulus San Qian.
Decoct with water.
(Shandong Handbook of Chinese Herbal Medicine)
4. Cure the eyes, the roots and feet are extremely thick, and they are not bad for a long time: three points for concha Haliotidis (mashed and finely ground, water flies over), half a piece for squid bone, one yuan for borneol, three points for pearl powder and three points for amber.
The same research order details, each copper basket is as big as soybeans, and it is ordered three times a day.
("Sheng Huifang" Shi Guiming III)
5. Treatment of external eye obstruction: Concha Haliotidis (calcined with fire), mint leaves, Tribulus terrestris (fried to remove thorns), Schizonepeta tenuifolia and ginseng (honey-baked).
Fire poison comes from the ground, and research is the end.
After eating, mix the sugar with cold water.
("Experience Recipe" Shi Guiming Powder)
6 cure green blindness: abalone shell one or two (calcined), atractylodes rhizome three or two (peeled).
For the end, take San Qian every time, cover the pig liver, tie the medicine powder, cook in casserole, smoke the eyes with gas, and wait for the liver to cool down and drink the juice.
(About Ophthalmology and Dragonwood)
7 cure shyness: Senecio scandens, Lygodium japonicum, licorice, chrysanthemum and so on.
Fine-cut, 8 yuan each, one cup and a half of water, fry until one cup, remove the residue, and take it warm after eating.
("Ophthalmology Long Mu Theory" Qianliguang Decoction)
8. Treating five stranguria in small intestine: Concha Haliotidis goes rough and grinds fine.
Last time I poured something soft and hard, I added dead wood powder and hot water to adjust it to two yuan.
("Winning the Gold Party")
9 cure throat wind: abalone shell is baked with vinegar for three times, ground into fine powder, adjusted with rice vinegar, and goose feather dipped in throat spit.
("Materia Medica")
10 treatment of traumatic hemorrhage: appropriate amount of concha Haliotidis, calcined into loose fine powder and sieved.
Clean the wound, sprinkle with powder and press hard.
(Selected data of new medical methods of Chinese herbal medicines in Inner Mongolia)
5, the practice of abalone shell
1, abalone shell Long Mu porridge
Efficacy: clearing away deficiency and heat, calming the heart and tranquilizing the mind, strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney, and treating climacteric spontaneous sweating, insomnia and dreaminess, palpitation and restlessness, dizziness, headache and tinnitus.
Ingredients: 30g of calcined concha Haliotidis, 30g of calcined keel, 30g of calcined oyster, 0/00g of glutinous rice/kloc, 900ml of water, and appropriate amount of brown sugar.
Practice: add 300 ml of water to the above three medicines, fry for 40 minutes with slow fire, remove residues and leave juice, add glutinous rice, add 600 ml of water to cook porridge, add brown sugar when the porridge is thick, and cook for 2-3 minutes with slow fire.
2. Abalone Abalone Abalone.
Efficacy: nourishing yin and blood, calming liver and calming wind, and lowering blood pressure.
Take it for patients with hypertension and hyperactivity of liver yang.
Formula: Concha Haliotidis 10g fresh cuttlefish (cuttlefish) 200g celery 10g soy sauce 10g salt 5g ginger 10g chicken soup 200ml raw powder 20g eggs 1g white oil 500g (practical).
Making:
1. Crushing concha Haliotidis, washing fresh squid, and cutting into 4cm square pieces.
Wash celery and cut into 3 cm long sections, slice ginger and cut onion.
2. Put the cuttlefish in a bowl, beat in the eggs, add the raw flour, concha Haliotidis powder, soy sauce and salt, and stir until thick. If it is too dry, add a little water to hang the pulp.
3. Heat the wok on a large fire, add vegetable oil, and when it is six ripe, add cuttlefish and slip it thoroughly, and immediately pick it up for use.
4. Leave 30 grams of oil in the pot. When it is half cooked, add onion and ginger until fragrant, add celery and stir-fry, then add smooth flower branches, add chicken soup and cook for 10 minute.
How to eat: 65438+ 50 grams of cuttlefish 0 times a day.
3. abalone soup with concha Haliotidis
Efficacy: nourishing yin and suppressing yang, calming the liver and calming the wind; Treating hypertension belongs to yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity, with symptoms such as headache, dizziness, tinnitus, red eyes, soreness in the waist and soft feet, flushed face, frequent fever, fever of five senses or night sweats, hot flashes, thirst and constipation, red tongue with little coating and rapid pulse. People with exogenous headache should not drink this soup.
Ingredients: 50g of abalone, 30g of concha Haliotidis, 30g of Lycium barbarum, and 0/0g of chrysanthemum/kloc.
Exercise:
1. Soak abalone in clear water, wash it, shred it, add salt to water and cook it;
2. Wash concha Haliotidis, break it, and wrap it with gauze;
3. Wash chrysanthemum and medlar;
4. First, the concha Haliotidis is boiled in water for about half an hour, and the residue is removed to get the soup. Add the abalone, chrysanthemum and medlar into the soup, then simmer for one hour and season.
4, Shuanggui porridge
Materials: glutinous rice100g, concha Haliotidis 25g, cassia seed10g, chrysanthemum15g, and crystal sugar 6g.
Exercise:
Stir-fry cassia seed in a pot.
Decocting Flos Chrysanthemi and Concha Haliotidis in a casserole, and taking juice to remove residues.
Wash japonica rice, cook porridge with medicinal juice, and add rock sugar to eat.
6. How to eat concha Haliotidis?
Oral administration: decoction, 10-30g, mashed and decocted first; I still took the pills and dispersed them.
External use: appropriate amount, ground into powder, fly some eyes.
7. Side effects of Concha Haliotidis
1, Concha Haliotidis is cold, which has the function of relieving diarrhea and lowering blood pressure, so it is not suitable for patients with spleen and stomach deficiency, diarrhea due to spleen deficiency and hypotension. In addition, Concha Haliotidis mainly contains chrysophanol, emodin and other compounds, which can cause intestinal lesions or intractable constipation after long-term administration.
2. Long-term use of Concha Haliotidis by women will cause irregular menstruation, and may even make the endometrium abnormal.
Long-term use of Concha Haliotidis has great side effects on female endocrine and reproductive system.
3. Long-term use of Concha Haliotidis may damage the healthy qi of the body. Because abalone shell has antidiarrheal effect, it will cause diarrhea.
Therefore, concha Haliotidis is not suitable for people with spleen and stomach deficiency and diarrhea. At the same time, concha Haliotidis has the effect of lowering blood pressure, so it is not suitable for people with low blood pressure.
In addition, concha Haliotidis mainly contains chrysophanol, emodin and other compounds, which will cause intestinal lesions if taken for a long time.
What are the edible effects of gypsum? Gypsum is an ore containing calcium sulfate.
It is pungent, sweet and cold, and has the effects of clearing away heat and purging fire, removing annoyance and quenching thirst.
Clinically, it is often used for the syndrome of fever due to excess of qi and heat, and it is often used together with Anemarrhena asphodeloides.
Used in the late stage of fever, high fever and macula, it is often combined with Radix Scrophulariae to cool blood and detoxify.
Gypsum is also used to relieve cough and asthma caused by lung heat, and to relieve irritability and thirst.
In addition, gypsum is also used for headache, toothache and gingival swelling and pain caused by excessive stomach fire.
Gypsum can be used externally, such as parotitis, lymphadenitis, acute joint sprain, thrush, otitis media, scald caused by fire and water, yellow water sore, erysipelas, eczema and leg scabies.
Gypsum is a hydrate, and its main chemical component is calcium sulfate (CaSO4), which is a monoclinic mineral.
Gypsum is a widely used industrial material and building material.
Its microporous structure and heating dehydration make it have excellent sound insulation, heat insulation and fire prevention performance, and can be used in cement retarder, gypsum building products, model making, medical food additives, sulfuric acid production, paper filler, paint filler and so on.
Natural gypsum is gypsum stone in nature, mainly gypsum dihydrate and anhydrite.
China is rich in gypsum mineral resources. The total proven gypsum reserves are about 57 billion tons, ranking first in the world. It is distributed in 23 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, of which 10 exceeds 1 100 million tons, followed by Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Hunan, Hubei, Ningxia, Tibet, Anhui, Jiangsu and Sichuan, and gypsum resources are relatively poor.
Gypsum resources in China are mainly ordinary gypsum and anhydrite, of which anhydrite accounts for more than 60% of the total, while super-grade and first-grade gypsum only accounts for 8% of the total, and fiber gypsum only accounts for 1.8% of the total.
Therefore, we are a large country with gypsum reserves and a poor country with high-quality gypsum reserves.
High-quality gypsum resources are mainly distributed in Yingcheng and Jingmen in Hubei, Hengshan in Hunan, Sanshui in Guangdong, Zaozhuang in Shandong and Pinglu in Shanxi. Some mines have been overexploited and almost exhausted, and some are difficult to separate from low-grade gypsum, resulting in a waste of high-quality resources.
Therefore, the proportion of high-quality gypsum resources that can be actually exploited and effectively utilized in China is even less.
Although China's gypsum industry started late and has a poor foundation, it has developed rapidly. 195 gypsum output soared to 26.59 million tons, surpassing the United States and becoming the world's largest gypsum consumer.
By 2004, the annual output of China's gypsum mines is more than 30 million tons, and the total consumption of gypsum is about 35 million tons.
There are more than 500 gypsum mining mines in China, about 50 large and medium-sized mines, with an annual output of over 654.38+10,000 tons, accounting for 40% of the total output, and the output of small township mines accounts for about 60% of the total output.
According to the mode of production, open-pit mining accounts for about 30%, and underground mining accounts for about 70%.
Due to various reasons, the average recovery rate of underground gypsum mine is lower than 30%, and the high-quality resources that have been given priority to mining have not been rationally developed and effectively utilized, which is a serious waste of resources, which is sad!
Gypsum dihydrate is the most widely used natural gypsum, and its effective component is calcium sulfate dihydrate. Gypsum is generally classified according to the content of calcium sulfate dihydrate in ore.
Gypsum has a wide range of applications and many kinds of products, and different uses have different requirements for the quality of gypsum raw materials. High-grade gypsum is mostly used as raw material for producing special gypsum products, such as food, medicine, artworks, models and chemical fillers. Gypsum mine with calcium sulfate dihydrate content less than 60% is rarely used; According to the content, more than 60% gypsum mines are used in building materials, architecture and other fields.
The consumption structure of gypsum in the world is different, and the consumption of developed gypsum deep-processed products accounts for a large proportion. The consumption structure of gypsum is: finished products account for 45%, cement production accounts for 45%, and other fields account for 10%.
Most of the development focuses on the primary application of ore, depending on the cement industry, and the proportion of gypsum products is gradually increasing with the development of economy.
The consumption structure of China is roughly as follows: 84% is used as retarder in cement production, 6.5% is used for ceramic molds, 4.0% is used for gypsum products and wall materials, and 5.5% is used in chemical industries; With the increase of cement production in China, the demand for gypsum also increases accordingly. At the same time, with the rapid economic growth in China, the gypsum industry, especially gypsum products, will have great development space. Various gypsum products and gypsum walls will develop at a high speed, and the demand for gypsum will increase sharply. With the development of traditional ceramics and other special industries, high-quality gypsum resources will continue to decrease, and the development and utilization of gypsum resources will be paid more attention.
Therefore, in order to ensure the sustainable development of the overall gypsum industry, green, environmentally friendly and healthy gypsum building materials and products are more widely used in people's lives, and the limited gypsum resources must be optimized.
Low hardness, a set of extremely perfect cleavage, and various recognizable morphological features.
Dense massive gypsum can be distinguished from carbonate because of its low hardness and no foaming when exposed to acid.
One of the standard minerals in hardness classification.
What is the effect of eating raw Shichanggou? What is the function of eating cattail raw? What is the function of eating cattail raw?
Acorus gramineus is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, which has a good health care function when used to make tea, and is a good health care drink for people with fast pace of modern life.
Of course, it is best to consult a doctor first and then prescribe the right medicine to achieve the effect of treating diseases and preventing diseases.
The role of Acorus gramineus
1, the role of the digestive system
Acorus gramineus can promote the secretion of digestive juice, stop abnormal gastrointestinal fermentation and relieve intestinal smooth muscle spasm.
Asarone contained in it can resist the intestinal excitement caused by barium chloride in vitro.
2. Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects
Acorus gramineus also has a good curative effect on dermatoses, and has different degrees of effect on various tinea fungi. The aqueous extract of Acorus calamus at the ratio of 1: 3 has good anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects on dermatophytes.
3, the role of the cardiovascular system
The volatile oil of Acorus gramineus (β-asarone) can dilate coronary vessels in guinea pigs at a certain concentration.
Clinically, it is often used to treat patients with chest obstruction caused by phlegm-qi stagnation such as coronary heart disease and pulmonary heart disease. Its mechanism may be related to its increasing coronary flow, sedation, improving digestive function, relieving asthma and relieving cough.
Side effects of Acorus gramineus
Traditional Chinese medicine daquan xiaobian is still three-point poison. The volatile oil of Acorus gramineus mainly contains asarone, caryophyllene, Acorus gramineus ether and so on. , mainly exciting spinal nerves.
The main side effects of Acorus gramineus are poisoning reaction, convulsion, convulsion and other symptoms, and immediate rescue measures should be taken. On the one hand, external stimuli can induce and aggravate, and finally die of tonic convulsion.
Rescue measures: vomiting, catharsis and gastric lavage.
Intravenous infusion.
Subcutaneous injection of ephedrine.
Symptomatic treatment.
Acorus gramineus is pungent and warm, enters the heart and stomach meridian, and has the effects of eliminating dampness, strengthening the spleen and inducing resuscitation.
Acorus gramineus has the efficacy of eliminating dampness and invigorating stomach, and can be used for chest distress, abdominal pain, anorexia, greasy fur and other symptoms caused by dampness blocking spleen and stomach, and can be used in combination with Herba Agastaches, Rhizoma Cyperi and Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae.
Acorus gramineus has the effect of inducing resuscitation, and can be used for unconsciousness or amnesia caused by phlegm-dampness blocking resuscitation. It is often combined with tranquilizing drugs such as Radix Polygalae and Poria.
In addition, for those who feel dizzy, chest tightness and greasy fur due to warm-damp syndrome, they can be combined with Yujin to clear heart and relieve depression.
What is the efficacy and function of raw concha Haliotidis? Concha Haliotidis is a good medicine for clearing away heat and improving eyesight. It can be used at home to treat dizziness, red eyes, swelling and pain caused by Liao liver fire.
Concha Haliotidis can also be used for bone steaming, fatigue, calming the liver and astringing the liver, traumatic hemorrhage, cataract and other diseases.
Concha Haliotidis also has the function of nourishing yin and strengthening yang due to different practices, and salt concha Haliotidis can also nourish yin and clear heat, nourish liver and benefit kidney.
Can be used for symptoms such as green blindness, convulsion and red eye. , can clear the heat. It is a medicine for the blind and can be kept at home. Pay attention to the dosage when using it, neither too much nor too little. Too much will be harmful to your health, and too little will have a bad effect.
So much for the introduction of the efficacy and function of the original stone. Thank you for taking the time to read the contents of this website. Don't forget to find more information about the efficacy and side effects of gypsum and the efficacy and role of stone on this website.