Literally, "Ying" means "seeking", "keeping" means "keeping in good health" and "nutrition" means "seeking for keeping in good health". Health preservation is a term used in traditional Chinese medicine, which means to maintain, regulate and support life. Describing "nutrition" concretely in the language of modern science can be said: nutrition is a process in which the body ingests food, digests, absorbs, metabolizes and excretes it, uses nutrients and other beneficial components in food to build tissues and organs, regulates various physiological functions, and maintains normal growth and development, disease prevention and health care. According to expert Li's definition, nutrition refers to the process description of the human body taking in effective components through decomposition, transportation, absorption and metabolism.

People's nutritional status is related to endocrine function, which can cause obesity or emaciation when endocrine disorders occur.

fat

That is, nutrition is higher than human needs. When the intake of calories exceeds the human consumption, the excess calories are stored in the body in the form of fat, and when the weight exceeds 20% of the standard weight, it is called obesity.

The calculation formula is: standard weight (kg)=[ height (cm)- 100]×0.9.

1 nursing goal:

Cultivate good eating habits; Adhere to moderate exercise; Maintain or approach the standard weight.

2 nursing points:

1) The best way to change your eating habits is to eat less and eat more.

2) On the basis of diet control, encourage patients to actively participate in sports and increase calorie consumption.

3) Preventing obesity and losing weight are the best ways to prevent complications. It is necessary to improve self-care knowledge and understand obesity. If it exceeds the standard weight 10%, the total calories should be limited.

(2) emaciation

That is, nutrition is lower than people's needs. Due to the lack of heat and protein, subcutaneous fat decreases and muscles and bones gradually shrink; It is characterized by weight loss, poor skin elasticity and subcutaneous vein exposure. People who weigh less than the standard weight 10% are called emaciation. Severe emaciation is cachexia.

1 nursing goal

Remove the cause; Increase appetite; Increase the total calories of eating.

2 nursing points:

1) Find out the causes of insufficient calorie intake, provide reasonable diet and supplement nutrition.

2) Patients with symptomatic emaciation should strengthen the nursing of primary disease.

3) Patients with extreme emaciation should pay attention to skin care to avoid bedsore caused by bone protrusion.