China's ancient health-preserving thought mainly originated from the health-preserving theory of Laozi and Zhuangzi, emphasizing the cultivation of qi, quietness and desire, and was later absorbed by Taoism, which developed into a health-preserving thought focusing on life and pursuing longevity, and included various health-preserving practice activities. Guiguzi's health theory can be said to be one of the earliest health theories in China. The Chronicle of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty points out that one of the four knowledge handed down from generation to generation of Guiguzi is "learning from birth", that is, "cultivating true temperament, taking food as the guide, getting rid of illness and prolonging life, and waiting for the times." [a] But these are just legends. The chapter of Classic Yin Fu Qi Fa, which really represents the Guigu School's health-keeping theory, emphasizes self-cultivation, calms the mind and nourishes the qi, and puts forward a health-keeping method with bionic guidance and dynamic and static combination, which contains a strong Taoist health-keeping concept and has a great influence on the Taoist health-keeping thought of later generations. Let's briefly summarize the health care methods. The way to keep fit is to cultivate one's morality first. Ancient health care has always attached importance to the cultivation of virtue. Lao Tzu said, "The Tao gives birth, the virtue of livestock, the shape of things and the success of the situation." It is because everything respects Tao and values virtue [3], and thinks that Tao and virtue are the most basic and important. The article "Zhuangzi Heaven and Earth" said: "Therefore, the shape is not the Tao and the morality is unknown." [4] We also attach importance to inner virtue cultivation. Ge Hong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty pointed out that "if virtue is not cultivated, it will not live forever" [5], and Tang Sunsi invited him to say, "virtue cannot be defeated, but taking jade liquid can not live forever" [6]. Guiguzi also has many incisive expositions on self-cultivation.

"Five Dragons in the Classic Yin Fu's Seven Methods" points out: "There are five qi in the spirit, the primate, and the heart is useless. Virtue is a person, a place to cultivate the spirit, and it belongs to the Tao. " "Five Qi" refers to the essence of five internal organs. Tao Hongjing's Note: "Five Qi, the Qi of the five internal organs is also called spirit, soul, spirit, essence and will. God lives among the four, so he is long; The heart can give up, so give up; Virtue can control evil, so it is human; However, the way to raise things is just to return to the Tao "f}]. It is believed that Qi is the source of life, God is the general of Qi, soul is the residence of Five Qi, and moral character is the embodiment of spirit in human body. In the cultivation of emotion, nourishing the heart is the basis of nourishing the heart, and it is also the key to nourishing morality and qi. "It is good to raise five qi, and the heart can get one, but it has its art, the yogi, the way of the heart, and God makes it. Those who know nine tricks and twelve families are the gateway to qi, and the heart often takes it. " Have good moral cultivation, use moral cultivation of five qi, so that the mind can get one (that is, "Tao") and master Taoism.

The "saints" and "real people" in Yin Fu's Seven Methods in the classic are the highest realm of moral cultivation: "Real people are at peace with heaven, cultivate others with one mind, cultivate morality with justice, and think about the meaning of treasure and ambition without doing anything." Real people want to keep in good health, they need to be in harmony with heaven, have compassion for all beings and have moral cultivation. "Harmony between man and nature" is exactly the same as Laozi's thought of "Tao and Nature", that is, it follows the natural attributes of things and the objective laws of natural development. Speaking of "Taoism is natural", the above article mentioned that "spring is born and summer is long, autumn harvest is autumn harvest, winter storage is sunny and irreversible." One of them is consistent with the thought and method of four-qi health preservation in spring, summer, autumn and winter in Su Wen's Huangdi Neijing. Health experts believe that the spirit is the three treasures of human beings, in which God is dominant. The key to the maintenance of five zang-organs is to adjust one's mentality and maintain peace of mind, so as to nourish qi and maintain peace of five zang-organs. Health care is the most important. Zhang Yinan, a famous doctor in the Qing Dynasty, commented on the ancient naivety in the annotation of Suwen Huangdi Neijing, saying that "you can eat well and live a regular life, so you can be in harmony with God all your life until you are 100 years old" and said: "You can live a regular life and nourish your spirit and essence. Husband is arrogant, lives alone, and everyone is dead. It can regulate its spirit, so it can live with the shape and do its best. " F}l "is enough to show that TCM health experts attach importance to regulating spirit and nourishing qi." Nothing is indifferent, the true qi follows, the spirit is kept inside, and the disease is always safe "(2l, as long as you keep calm, get rid of distractions in your heart, and keep the spirit inside, the disease will not appear.

There are two ways to adjust your mind and nourish your qi: one is quiet and self-sufficient, and the heart and qi are one. The method of nourishing the heart lies in quietness, and the essence of quietness lies in nourishing the heart. Nourishing the heart is the fundamental method of keeping in good health. In order to explain the concept of "empty meditation" in Guiguzi, a passage from Yin Fu's seven techniques in this classic is quoted, and the method of empty meditation is also expounded: "Those who cultivate records cannot think well. If you want something, think about it. People who want to achieve will be distracted if they think too much, frustrated if they are distracted, and unable to think if they are frustrated. Therefore, if you are in a good mood, you will not be confused. If you want to be in a good mood, you should never lose your will, never lose your will, and be sensible. Rieter is harmonious, and the principle of harmony does not bother you. Therefore, we should cultivate the inner spirit and know the outsiders. If you aim high, your heart will be clear, and if you know people well, your responsibilities will be clear. ..... At the beginning of ambition, service is self-sufficiency. If you are self-sufficient, you will be solid, and if you are solid, you will not care about your strength, and your gods will be solid forever. " Is indifferent to fame and fortune, get rid of selfish desires and distractions. Without ideological shackles, people's hearts will be calm, natural and harmonious, and their bodies and minds will be healthy.

Second, doing nothing is quiet, and the viscera are harmonious. There is a saying in the paragraph "practicing the law and making snakes": "Doing nothing and seeking peace, the five internal organs are in harmony. The spirit and soul stick to it, but they can look inward, listen inward, set their sights and think about space. When they are fascinated, they can see the opening and closing of heaven and earth, know the creation of all things, see the end of yin and yang, know the world without leaving home, and see heaven without peeping into the internal organs; If you don't see it, you can't come; It means to know the way. In order to communicate with the gods, it is necessary to be incompetent and the gods stay. The second chapter means "to do nothing naturally, so that the five internal organs can be harmonious, the six internal organs can be unobstructed, and the essence, spirit, soul and spirit can stick to it." "In this way, you can introspect everything, listen to everything, you can be firm, so that your heart can reach the ethereal realm without distractions ... you can reach God, satisfy everything, and feel at ease. Rr [3]. Therefore, another way to adjust your mind and nourish your qi lies in inaction. Following the natural attributes of all things and letting nature take its course can harmonize the viscera and achieve the purpose of health preservation. The most famous application of bionic guidance in health care is hua tuo wuqinxi. " Zhuangzi deliberately "has words" to blow his breath, get rid of the old and get the new, and make a bird's contribution, just for longevity; People who are guided in this way, people who are in shape, are also Peng Zushou's favorite. Statement of n [4]. Ge Hong's "Bao Pu Zi Biezhi" records the specific practice of bionic guidance: "The guidance of a husband does not lie in establishing a name, standing up an image, famille rose, shaping and drawing. The nameless shape also has guidance, or stretching, pitching, walking or lying, leaning, kicking, walking, singing or breathing. Guide and treat the disease that you have not suffered, open the qi of disharmony, and you will be smooth. If you combine the blood coagulation of the three palaces, you will realize the Dafa of health preservation and perform the metaphysical technique of removing diseases. [5]0 Yin Fu's seven methods in the Classic are also a kind of bionic health-keeping method, and each section is outlined and summarized, such as "Shensheng longwu", "Nourishing Gui Ling" and "True Fate", which are briefly described as follows:

"Shen Sheng Fa longwu"-Tao Hongjing's Note: "Five dragons are also dragons of five elements. Dragons are infinite and unpredictable, so they are filled with five dragons. " [6] So "Five Dragons" represent the changes of the five elements of gold, wood, water, fire and earth. The "five qi" mentioned in the article is the qi of the five internal organs. In ancient medicine in China, the five internal organs of human body correspond to the five elements of qi, the heart belongs to fire, the liver belongs to wood, the spleen belongs to earth, the lung belongs to gold, and the kidney belongs to water. So the meaning of this passage is that the qi of the five internal organs should be in harmony with the qi of the five elements in order to be strong.

Zhuangzi Qiushui: "I heard that there is a turtle in Chu, which is 3,000 years old". The ancients believed that turtles were long-lived and spiritual animals, and Taoism also had the method of "turtle rest" "Bao Pu Zi Dui Su" Day: "Knowing the longevity of turtles and cranes, it is important to guide them to age" (2l, Li Shizhen thinks that "turtles lose their armor in spring and summer, and guide them to hide in autumn and winter, so they have a long life and can pass any pulse." [3]。 So the meaning of this paragraph is to imitate the tortoise's practice: breathe evenly, walk slowly, slowly and steadily, and concentrate on one. In addition, in ancient times, tortoise shells were often used as divination tools, so turtles also had the significance of predicting good fortune and distinguishing right from wrong. Imitate turtles, they also have this meaning.

Tao Hongjing's note: "A snake can bend and stretch when it has grievances, so it is a fatalist snake when it has grievances" [4]. In the ancient legend of China, the spirit snake is a kind of dragon, which can fly clouds to drive away fog. "Erya" Guo Pu notes: "Dragons can swim in the clouds" [5]. The real meaning is to enrich and strengthen the ideological will. "Making a real snake" means imitating a snake, being flexible, determined, able to swim freely and calm.

"Wei Fenfa Fu Xiong": "Fu Xiong" is a bear lying down, hiding and preparing for an ambush. Li Shizhen Day: "Bears stand upright like a big pump, and people's feet are black. When fattening in spring and summer, the thick-skinned crossbow breathes air per liter of wood, or it falls fast, which is commonly called reducing blood fat. The so-called Zhuangzi says that before attacking its prey, the bear will lie on the ground and hide its strength to stop the potential. When the time comes, it will take action and pounce on its prey. Therefore, the "component" is to play the role of a bear, hide one's strength and bide one's time, and the power is even stronger.

"Birds spend their honeymoons scattered"-"Muir" is a fierce and fast-moving bird, such as eagle and vulture. Tao Hongjing's note: "When the situation is scattered, it will serve, and birds will catch" [7l], and Wang Yi's note "Songs of the South" said: "I will fight for it. It is said that birds can be loaded, carved eagle and the like. " "Power expansion" means power expansion, that is, taking advantage of favorable situation to take action [8]. So the meaning of this paragraph is to imitate the fierce and fast hunting of emus and use the true qi in the body to spread out for health preservation.

The Beast of Circle Method —— On the "circle", Tao Hongjing notes: "There is no shortage of wisdom among saints, and if the circle is endless. The beast of Judah is infinite [9], that is, it moves freely like a ball and calmly responds to various situations. This paragraph refers to "through external physical exercise, we can increase people's internal intelligence and wisdom, so that people's wisdom and essence can be restored in the body, and if they are restored, they will be smooth and endless, just like wild animals, full of energy and powerful." "

The meaning of "loss method"-"loss method" has been explained in detail above, which is to reduce distractions. Writing grass is one of the commonly used tools in ancient divination, and Shuowen explains "writing genus." Ten years old and a hundred stems. "Yi" is a number, the son of heaven, with nine feet; Governors, seven feet; Doctor, five feet; Stone, three feet. " (2 1。 This paragraph means that in order to get rid of desires and distractions, we must follow the example of spiritual strength, wholeheartedly follow the way of nature.