1. Shi Wa belongs to the running water life type. He often lives in a slow-flowing stream in a mountainous area, or in a puddle with rich vegetation on both sides of the stream. They rarely leave water, and their body color often adapts to their living environment. The secondary sexual characteristics are developing in the direction of strong hug. The male is big, his forelimbs are unusually thick, and his marriage spines are also extremely developed. These characteristics have a great relationship with reproductive characteristics. When laying eggs, males and females must lay their eggs on a stream impacted by running water. When mating, males hug females and strengthen their fixation with abdominal spines so that they will not be washed away by the current. Shi Wa has an internal vocal cord, and his voice is low and loud. The male calls it "goo goo" and the female responds with "kaka kaka". Shi Wa has the habit of living in groups and foraging at night. Usually, several or dozens of them live together in one place. In a quiet and suitable environment, Shi Wa will also go out for food during the day, and the night is the peak of activities. Shi Wa is good at jumping and climbing, and his activities are weak and steady at ordinary times. At the peak of breeding, there are frequent activities and singing behaviors. Animals that like to eat activities in Shi Wa generally don't eat dead or motionless food. In the natural state, Shi Wa has a wide range of food habits. Besides insects, centipedes, spiders, Ma Lu, snails, snails, clams, earthworms and shrimps, it also preys on crabs, miscellaneous fish, loaches, young snakes and birds. Because of the different environment, Shi Wa in different regions has different eating habits. Shi Wa usually swallows 9% of his body weight in nature, sometimes reaching 12.8%. Tadpoles: Tadpoles in Shi Wa sometimes feed on aquatic plants beside streams or spirogyra at the bottom of the water. They bite off soft plant tissues with their horns and eat them. Tadpoles eat plant-like Microcystis, filamentous algae, Spirogyra, moss, diatom, dinoflagellate, Ceratophyllum and plant debris. Animals include paramecium, ciliates, Daphnia, rotifers and so on. It has also been found that tadpoles in Shi Wa feed on epiphytes scraping stones in the water, plankton in the water, tender leaves of plants falling into the water or animal carcasses in streams. Sometimes they eat to death.
Shi Wa is a temperature-changing animal, which has no ability to regulate body temperature and keep warm. Its body temperature changes with the change of external temperature. The suitable growth temperature of Shi Wa is 18 ~ 26℃, and the optimum temperature is 24 ~ 25℃. Spring and autumn are the seasons with the most frequent activities, the largest food intake and the fastest growth. April-June and August-September are the best time to breed offspring. When the water temperature exceeds 30℃, when the water temperature drops to 12℃, the frog's metabolism is very weak. When entering hibernation, the frog's eyes are closed. It doesn't eat or move. It relies on fat body to maintain life activities and has no response to external stimuli. If the water temperature rises to a suitable temperature during hibernation, the frog will move again. The lethal high temperature of adult frogs in Shi Wa is about 365438 0℃, which varies with seasons. Shi Wa can tolerate the long-term environment of 0℃, but the water can't freeze, and lack of oxygen leads to Shi Wa's death.
Shi Wa eggs are usually laid in shallow waters with gentle water flow and attached to stones and aquatic plants. The colloidal membrane outside the egg swells and thickens when it meets water, and it is highly viscous, forming a rope or grape string, sometimes reaching about 20 cm. Generally, the diameter of an egg is 4 mm, up to 5 mm. According to the different water temperature, frog eggs usually hatch into tadpoles after 8 ~ 15 days. Tadpoles like to live in big stones or gravel piles in valleys. Tadpoles generally grow into young frogs after 50 ~ 78 days in suitable environment.
Shi Wa' s bait.
The main bait in Shi Wa is earthworm, Tenebrio molitor and fly maggot. Their breeding methods are introduced in many books, so I won't go into details here.
3 Shi Wa Swimming Pool Construction
Wild Shi Wa lives near shady mountain streams, ditches or caves with waterfalls all the year round. Its living environment needs enough water, cool, moist and fresh water, and it likes to live in caves. Growth, development and reproduction have been in the wild for a long time.
Shi Wa has changed from wild domestication to domestic domestication, and its living environment has changed greatly. In order to raise frogs artificially in Shi Wa, it is necessary to adopt a reasonable design to make the frog pond close to the natural environment and facilitate manual management.
3. 1 farm site selection
Environmental quality directly affects the growth, development and reproduction of Shi Wa. The frog pond is not limited by location. Generally speaking, breeding grounds should be selected in places with good water quality, convenient irrigation and drainage, quiet environment, warm in winter and cool in summer, no drought or waterlogging, convenient management, and prevention of escape and harm.
The frog pond can be built indoors or outdoors, which requires ventilation, shade and no direct sunlight. The outdoor frog pond can be built under the awning, and the pond can be simply built indoors, in the yard or in the wild. It is a good place to live in Shi Wa.
3.2 Specification requirements of frog pond
Intensive farming is widely used in Shi Wa. When building a pond, we should pay attention to conform to the living habits of frogs as much as possible, provide water, land, caves and feeding conditions, create a good living environment, and facilitate feeding management.
3.2. 1 frog pond
The general area is 4 ~ 10 square meter, the height of the pool is 0.8m, the water depth in the pool is 0.1~ 0./5m, and the ratio of land and water area in the pool is 3∶ 1. There are caves for habitation, big pebbles at the bottom, dark light and humidity of 80%, creating an ideal habitat in Shi Wa.
incubator
Area 1 m2, pool height 0.5m, water depth 15 ~ 20cm, fresh water, pH 6 ~ 8 and sufficient oxygen. You can also use a large oval washbasin instead.
Tadpole pool
The area is 3 ~ 4 square meters, the pond height is 0.8 meters, the water depth is 3 ~ 10 cm, the pH is 6 ~ 7, and the land-water ratio is 2∶ 1. It is better to raise a batch of tadpoles with the same specifications in each pond.
Young frog pond
The area is 4 ~ 6 square meters, the height of the pool is 0.8 meters, the water depth is generally 10 ~ 15 cm, and the land-water ratio is 2∶ 1. The pool is paved with cobblestones of 3 ~ 5cm, with caves, and the water quality is good, with a pH value of 6 ~ 7.5.
All kinds of frog ponds are rectangular in shape with a slightly inclined bottom. The water in the pond can be completely drained at the lowest point. The pond is equipped with water, land, caves, dining tables and other things, and the upper mouth of the pond is equipped with a net cover to prevent frogs from escaping and enemies from invading. The water inlet pipe is installed above the pool and close to the lower part of the net cover. The newly-built pond cannot be used immediately. Only after disinfection with disinfectant (removing alkalinity) and soaking in water for many times can frogs be raised. Shi Wa is a national protected animal and a delicacy on people's table. Artificial farming in Shi Wa is of great significance to protect the ecological environment and has high economic benefits. Artificial reproduction is the key to the success of Shi Wa. The key technologies are introduced as follows.
(1) Preparation of frog breeding pond and hatching pond
Frog breeding ponds and hatcheries should be built in dark, quiet places with good water quality, with an area of 2 ~ 3 square meters. Clear water should be thoroughly disinfected and washed before being put into the pool, and the water depth should be kept at about 20 cm. It's best to put some stones and fresh aquatic plants.
(2) Breeding and spawning
Shi Wa usually begins mating and spawning when the temperature is higher than 20℃ in April. The male-female ratio of cultured frogs is 1: 1, and the density is 15 ~ 20 frogs/m2. Breeding frogs usually hold together after 2 1 at night, and females lay eggs at 4 ~ 7 am. Egg pieces are usually attached to aquatic plants, stones and pond walls. Do not stir within 1 hour after spawning to avoid damage and reduce the hatching rate.
(3) Artificial incubation
Observe and check the frog breeding pond every morning. If there are frog eggs, gently take them out after 8: 00 a.m. and put them on the incubator tray in the incubator. During the incubation process, a small amount of clean water should flow to ensure cleanliness, and the water temperature should be controlled between 15 ~ 30℃, and the pH value should be 6 ~ 8, with one pool and one nest (500 ~ 1000). Generally, half an hour after spawning, the black spots on the ovule of fertilized eggs become larger, the embryos are striped in 7 days, and tadpoles are basically formed in 9 days, and tadpoles are formed after 15 days, and the hatching rate is over 85%.
(4) Feeding tadpoles
The growth of tadpoles can generally be divided into four stages.
① At the early stage (1 ~ 10 days old), tadpoles gradually grew up by the energy in the eggs and began to feed on the outer membrane and unfertilized eggs.
② In the early stage (10 ~ 20 days old), after birth 10 days old, tadpoles' food intake increased, but their digestive function was weak, so they should be fed with high-protein juice bait, such as egg yolk and soybean milk. Feed it once a day, generally 1500 tadpole feed 1 egg yolk, and then gradually increase.
③ In the middle growth stage (20-55 days old), with the continuous enhancement of the digestive function of tadpoles, in order to promote the development of digestive organs as soon as possible and adapt to the biological characteristics of herbivores of amphibian tadpoles, after 20 days old, the feeding amount of high-protein juice feed should be gradually reduced or stopped, and cooked plant and algae feeds, such as stems and leaves of potatoes, fruits and leaves of melons, rice and fresh aquatic plants, should be gradually replaced, and the feed in the pond should be removed every day.
④ Late growth stage (55 ~ 75 days old) is also called metamorphosis stage. Tadpoles enter metamorphosis after 55 days of age, growing hind limbs, forelimbs and shrinking tails respectively. In this period, the management should be particularly meticulous and thoughtful, and it is necessary to feed at different levels, with shallow water and fresh water, half of land and water, convenient landing, dim light and quiet environment, and create an ecological environment suitable for tadpoles' metamorphosis.
(5) Feeding young frogs
The newly metamorphosed young frog is small in size and weak in resistance. In order to strengthen management, we should feed active feed such as small fly maggots, small Tenebrio molitor and small maggots. Feeding every evening, depending on the feeding situation, gradually increase the feeding amount with the increase of the food intake of young frogs, so as to achieve a slight surplus. The feeding table should be cleaned every morning and disinfected frequently to prevent the remaining food from deteriorating and polluting the pool water. In the future, young frogs should be raised in grades according to their size, and the density is generally 0 ~ 300 frogs per square meter/kloc-0. Cover the upper mouth of the frog pond with gauze to prevent escape and rodent damage.