First, the first aid method of heart attack
1, let the sick patient lie flat and stop all activities.
If there are oxygen supply conditions, let the patient take oxygen immediately. Then the patient's carotid artery should be touched for diagnosis to determine whether there is pulsation. If there is no response and no arterial pulsation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed immediately.
Step 2 clean the respiratory tract
Tilt your head back to keep your airway clear. Let the patient lie on his back, keep breathing and unbutton his collar. Patients with dentures must take off their dentures. No matter where the disease occurs, patients should be helped to lie flat. Open the airway by raising the chin so that the line between the mandibular angle and the earlobe is perpendicular to the ground (90).
When necessary, the patient can be given artificial respiration: the rescuer puts a hand on the patient's forehead, pinches the patient's nose with his thumb and forefinger, takes a deep breath, wraps his lips around the patient's lips, and slowly and continuously blows in gas. The fuse time is greater than 1 sec. The blowing rate is 700 ~ 1 100 ml, and the blowing frequency is 12 times/minute (that is, once every 5 seconds). The respiratory rate of normal adults is 12 ~ 16 beats/min.
3. Chest compressions
In vitro, pressure is applied to the chest in the heart area to promote the heart work and maintain blood circulation. The specific steps are as follows: find the junction of nipple and sternum and start chest compression. The palms of both hands overlap in the same direction, the fingers are locked, the palms are tilted, the fingers leave the chest wall, the arms are straight, the upper body leans forward, and the hip joint is used as the fulcrum to press vertically downward, forcefully and rhythmically.
The time of pressing and relaxing is equal, and the depth of pressing is 4 ~ 5cm. When relaxing, the chest wall is completely reset, and the compression frequency is 80 times/minute. The pulse rate of normal adults is 60 ~ 100 times per minute.
4. Boxing in precordial area
When the heart has ventricular fibrillation, it is of course the most ideal to use electric shock to defibrillation, but when the conditions are not enough, you can knock on the precordial area with your bare hands. Stick one palm to the center of the chest, tap the patient's chest with the other hand, and pat the patient's precordial area twice. If there is no response, you can call again 2 ~ 3 times.
For the heart that has just had ventricular fibrillation, hammering in the chest area has a good defibrillation effect, which can eliminate ventricular fibrillation and make the heart beat again. It must be noted that it should be used as soon as possible, and the boxing defibrillation effect is the best within one minute when the heartbeat cannot be heard with the ears.
Second, self-help methods for patients with heart disease
1, patients with heart disease should carry self-help drugs with them.
It is suggested that patients with heart disease take first-aid drugs (such as nitrates) and "identity cards" (such as discharge summary, pacemaker (or stent) information, contacts and methods) with them when they go out. When the patient loses consciousness in an emergency, it will be an important source of information for others to help. In addition, patients should know their own current situation and choose the travel mode that suits them.
2. Pay attention to heart discomfort
There are usually some "warning signs" before a heart attack, such as changes in chest pain. Acute myocardial infarction is the most serious result of the development of coronary heart disease. Generally, the duration of angina pectoris caused by coronary heart disease generally does not exceed 15 minutes. Patients can be relieved quickly after resting or taking quick-acting nitroglycerin tablets under the tongue, and the attacks are not frequent.
If angina pectoris attacks frequently recently, or the pain time is prolonged (15 minutes or more), rest or nitroglycerin can't relieve the pain, which may be a precursor of acute myocardial infarction. In addition, people who have never had angina pectoris before, such as sudden angina pectoris, accompanied by symptoms such as palpitation, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, pallor, irritability or fear of death, are also signals that acute myocardial infarction is coming.
3, daily attention to observe their own situation.
On the basis of stabilizing angina pectoris in the past, you should call 120 for emergency treatment or go directly to the hospital in case of more frequent attacks, more easily induced symptoms, longer duration and difficulty in relieving nitroglycerin. Of course, patients who have never had angina pectoris and have atypical symptoms such as toothache, arm pain, back pain and abdominal pain should also seek medical advice in time to avoid myocardial infarction.
Extended data
First, the judgment method of cardiac arrest caused by heart disease
1, stop consciousness
To judge the patient's state of consciousness, you can pat the patient on the shoulder and ask loudly, "Hey, what's wrong with you?" See if there's a response.
Step 2 stop breathing
If the patient's consciousness stops, quickly judge whether the patient is breathing. Generally, the side face feels whether there is airflow in front of the patient's nose, and at the same time, the side head looks up to see if there is fluctuation in the patient's chest.
3. Cardiac arrest
The main method to judge whether there is carotid artery pulsation is to put the index finger and middle finger together and straighten them, put them in the depression of the patient's Adam's apple, and feel whether there is pulsation with the fingertips. The judgment time is 6~ 10 second. If you confirm the "three stops", you must call 120 for help.
Second, to avoid the occurrence of cardiac arrest, the most important thing is prevention, so as to achieve "one police, two controls and three adjustments".
1, quit smoking;
2, the second control is to control the three highs;
3. The three tones are to adjust diet, psychology and rhythm.
1) Adjust the diet, big fish and big meat are adjusted to vegetables and fruits, high fat and high salt are adjusted to light flavor, and overeating is adjusted to "eight full" for each meal;
2) Adjusting psychology to avoid exultation, great anger, great sorrow and great fear can reduce unexpected situations;
3) Adjust the rhythm, advocate the combination of work and rest, and avoid overwork. A good pace of work and life is an important guarantee to maintain physical and mental health.
People's Network-How to give first aid to a heart attack? How do heart patients save themselves?
People's Network-Four "Three's" in First Aid of Cardiac Arrest
People's Network-How to give first aid to a heart attack? How do heart patients save themselves?