Pengcheng, also known as Pengcheng Town and Pengcheng County, was once the old name of the ancient capital Zhuolu [1] and Xuzhou, Jiangsu. Pengcheng has a long history. As early as four or five thousand years ago, this was the capital of emperors. According to the pre-Qin classic Shi Ben, "Zhuolu is in Pengcheng and Huangdi is the capital." In 22 1 year BC, Qin unified the six countries, implemented the county system, and changed Pengcheng to Pengcheng County. From then on, after the Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms, the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty, until the eleventh year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (1733), Cheng Peng has always been the political economy of today's Xuzhou, or the national capital, or Cheng Pengjun, or Xuzhou State. In the 11th year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1733), Xuzhou was upgraded to a state, and Pengcheng County was renamed Tongshan County because it had Tongshan Island. Xuzhou was located in Tongshan County during the Japanese Puppet War. Since then, cities and counties have been separated, and Tongshan County has moved to other places. Today's Pengcheng-"Xuzhou" has developed transportation and relatively complete infrastructure, and is known as the "thoroughfare of five provinces". It is the second largest railway hub in China, where Beijing-Shanghai and Longhai railway trunk lines meet. There are 5 national highways and 20 provincial highways in China, and the Beijing-Shanghai and Huolian-expressway under construction pass through this area. The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal passes through the territory, and there are four inland ports along the coast. Editor's note: Xuzhou has a long history. Its ancestors lived and worked here more than 6000 years ago. Before Yao Di's time, it was the ancient capital of China. At the end of primitive society, Yao called Peng Zu a big country, and Xuzhou was called Pengcheng. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Pengcheng belonged to Song, and then to Chu. After the reunification of Qin Dynasty, Pengcheng County was established. During the Chu-Han period, the overlord of the western Chu Dynasty built Pengcheng as its capital. Pengcheng County was established in the Western Han Dynasty and Pengcheng was established in the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao moved the secretariat of Xuzhou to Pengcheng, which was called Xuzhou from the beginning. Each generation of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties set up Pengcheng State or Xuzhou, mostly in Pengcheng. Xuzhou was established in the Sui Dynasty, and then Pengcheng was ruled by Pengcheng County. In the early Tang Dynasty, the names of Xuzhou and Pengcheng County were exchanged many times, and Xuzhou was the resident of our province in the middle and late period. In the Five Dynasties, there were Xuzhou in each dynasty, which ruled Pengcheng and led 7 counties. Xuzhou was established in Song and Yuan Dynasties, and its subordination and jurisdiction changed frequently. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Xuzhou was once the capital of Zhili, and later it belonged to Nanjing. In the early Qing Dynasty, Xuzhou was successively Zhili in jiangnan province and Zhili in Jiangsu Province. At the end of Yongzheng, he was promoted to Xuzhou Prefecture. Pengcheng County was renamed Tongshan County because there is Tongshan Island in Pengcheng County. In the early Republic of China, the government was abolished, and Xuzhou was subordinate to Guo Tongshan County. Later, Xu Haidao was established to govern Tongshan (Xuzhou). During the Japanese-Puppet War, Xuzhou was located in Tongshan County and was once the capital of Puppet Huaihai Province. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the National Government still owned Xuzhou, which belonged to Jiangsu. 1949 Xuzhou was temporarily managed by Shandong Province because Jiangsu Province was not completely liberated. 1953 65438+ 10 Xuzhou City was officially placed under the direct jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province, and at the same time, Xuzhou District was established, located in Xuzhou City, and administered 1 1 counties and cities. Since then, Xuzhou City and Xuzhou Special Zone have coexisted, and the jurisdiction has changed in different periods. 1983, Jiangsu province implemented the system of city governing counties, withdrew from Xuzhou area, and placed six counties under its jurisdiction under Xuzhou city. Xuzhou now governs 5 districts and 6 counties (cities). Edit the historical position of this section Pengcheng, the ancient capital of China, was once the ancient name of Zhuolu, the ancient capital of China. Its predecessor, Pengcheng Town, has a long history and was the capital of emperors as early as four or five thousand years ago. According to the pre-Qin classic Shi Ben, "Zhuolu is in Pengcheng and Huangdi is the capital." According to the note in Historical Records of Han Dynasty: "Zheng Yue: Zhuolu is in the south of Pengcheng". "Jintai Kandi Ji" also mentioned that "Sakura and Zhuolu, Gaidang, as mentioned in Shi Ben, are regarded as Pengcheng Right". The geographical records in the Historical Records of Justice of the Five Emperors also hold that "Zhuolu's real name is Pengcheng, the capital of the Yellow Emperor, and a bear moved it". Lv Simian, a great historian, also thinks that Zhuolu is Cheng Peng [3]. He pointed out in the article "A General History of China" that the Zhuolu where the Yellow Emperor lived, that is, its battle with Shennong, was actually in today's Tongshan (according to Shiben), and it was here before the cloud: Yao [4]. Later, in the article "A General History of China by Stages", it was further explained that textual research should pay attention to ancient evidence, and quoted "Taiping Yulan Zhou Jun Department" to defend the century: "Shiben said: Zhuolu is in the south of Pengcheng." Yao also said this, which shows that all cities from the Yellow Emperor to Yao are really close to today. Most of the meditation of ancient emperors was in Mount Tai, and we know that this statement is credible [5]. As the ancient capital of China, Pengcheng has been a battleground for military strategists since the era of the Yellow Emperor. Throughout the ages, it has been regarded as a place of victory, and it is often said that "those who win Pengcheng win the world." The Yellow Emperor and Chiyou fought here, and then unified China, thus making "CoCo Lee" and "Shu Ren" a family; The national government was defeated by Japan in the battle of Xuzhou and lost half of the motherland; The People's Liberation Army defeated the Kuomintang troops in the Huaihai Campaign, which eventually led to the collapse of the Chiang family's rule. Xuzhou, a famous cultural city "now Pengcheng", is a famous national historical and cultural city, the hometown of Liu Bang, the ancestor of Emperor Gaozu, with rich historical and cultural connotations. In particular, the cultural remains of the Han Dynasty are very rich, among which the tombs, figurines and stone reliefs of the Han Dynasty are also called "the three wonders of the Han Dynasty". Painted Terracotta Warriors and Horses in Han Dynasty are the third batch of important discoveries after Xianyang and Xi 'an Terracotta Warriors and Horses. In order to develop and utilize the resources of Han culture, Xuzhou Han Culture Research Association was established, and a series of important cultural relics, such as Beidongshan Han Tomb, Guishan Han Tomb, Bletilla Han Tomb, Lion Mountain Chu Tomb, Han Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum and Han Stone Relief Art Museum, were prepared and restored. Xuzhou was also the hometown of Emperor Wu of Song Wudi in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Bai Juyi in Tang Dynasty, Su Dongpo and Wen Tianxiang in Song Dynasty, Fang Xiaoru and Pan Jixun in Ming Dynasty, Li Keran, a master of contemporary Chinese painting, and Kyle, a famous musician, all worked or lived in Xuzhou. Edit this historical celebrity (1) Xuzhou, Peng Zu, formerly known as Pengcheng, originated in Peng Zu. Peng Zu is a descendant of the Yellow Emperor. He is a famous birthday boy, who lived 800 years. Good at guiding health, diet and sexual qigong. Because he is good at cooking, he is called the originator of China cooking and the first chef in China. It is said that he cooked wild chicken soup (spicy soup) for Emperor Yao Feng Hou, thus establishing Da Peng State. (2) Liu Bang Xuzhou is the hometown of Emperor Han Gaozu, the first cloth emperor in China history. Liu Bang's birth is quite mythical. According to legend, Emperor Gaozu's mother was pregnant in the rain at Yulong Bridge, which is located in Lianglou Village in the northeast of Jinfeng County. In order to avoid chaos, the young people of Emperor Gaozu moved to a place about three miles north of Peicheng. Therefore, there is a local saying that "Han and Liu Bang come forth in large numbers". In the tenth year of Emperor Gaozu, Emperor Gaozu returned from the rebellion and passed through Pei County, where he hosted a banquet for his parents. 120 teenagers were also selected to form a choir to help sober up. When the wine was hot, Emperor Gaozu sang a song and wrote a poem: "The wind blows and clouds fly, the weaver girl returns to the sea, and the brave stay everywhere." The children also sang along. Song, high-impedance sword dance, very sad. I said to the elders in Pei County: Wanderers are homesick. Although I take Chang 'an as my capital, my soul will return to my hometown after a hundred years. After Gaozu left Pei, Pei wanted to show the emperor's prestige. He hired a good craftsman to carve Song of the Big Wind on a stone, and built a platform 100 feet high, on which he erected a monument. According to legend, the tablet Song of the Big Wind was written by Cai Yong in the Eastern Han Dynasty. After more than two thousand years of ups and downs, it has been passed down to this day. After Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang made Chang 'an his capital in 202 BC, his father Feng Gong missed his hometown day and night and was often unhappy. Therefore, Liu Bang ordered Li Yi, the hometown of Qin State near Chang 'an, the capital of China (now Lintong District), to imitate the street layout of Feng Yi (now Fengxian County, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province), rebuild a new town for Emperor Taizong Feng Gong, and move some of his old friends to live here, which made him very happy. According to historical records, the construction of Xinfengcheng is exactly the same as that of Liu Bang's hometown Fengxian. Neighbors in Fengxian moved to new houses, and even chickens and dogs could find all kinds of portals, which was called "chickens and dogs know new things". ③ Item was born in the next item (now Suqian, Jiangsu) from 232 BC to 202 BC. In 206 BC, Pengcheng, the capital, established its position as the overlord of the Western Chu State, dominating the world. In the Chu-Han War, the defeat killed him in Wujiang River. (4) Liu Xiang (about 77- 6 BC) was a scholar, bibliographer and writer in the Western Han Dynasty. His real name was changed, and he was born in Pei Guofeng (now Fengxian County, Xuzhou), the grandson of Emperor Gaozu. The biography of Gu Liang in the Spring and Autumn Period. He reviewed the Royal Library and wrote China's earliest bibliography, Bielu. He wrote 33 pieces of ci and fu, including Nine Sighs, most of which have been lost. His other works, Biography of Hong Fan's Five Elements, New Preface, Shuoyuan and Biography of Lienv, still exist today. There is also The Five Classics Yi Tong, which is also very embarrassing. Liu Xiang compiled The Warring States Policy, and Liu Xiang named the book The Warring States Policy. At the same time, he also named the complicated and colorful historical life-the name of "Warring States" came from this, which is also an extra gain for Liu Xiang's editing and proofreading "Warring States Policy". (5) Zhang Daoling (date of birth and death unknown) was a famous religious leader, founder and leader of Taoism in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Real name is Ling. Pei Guofeng (now Fengxian County, Xuzhou) was born. He studied Taoism in the mountains, wrote 24 Taoist books, used water spells to cure diseases, and called his disciples to preach. By his teachings, there are five fights of rice, which is called "five fights of rice". After his death, Chen Heng, Sun Lu, etc. He is a world leader, called "Zhang Tianshi" by post-Taoism, and one of the four heavenly teachers in China mythology, whose Tao is also called "Stone Heaven". (6) Born in (937-978), born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu), with the name Chongguang,No. andNo. Zhong Yin. When Li Yu ascended the throne, the Southern Tang Dynasty was a vassal state of the Song Dynasty. In 975, Song Jun entered Jinling, captured the queen, and the Southern Tang Dynasty perished. Song dynasty. Song Taizu was considered disobedient. After taking the medicine given by Song Taizong, he died. Historically, she was called Li Houzhu, the Queen of Southern Tang Dynasty. Li Yu is a bad king in politics and a writer, poet and poet in literature. His main achievement is in poetry. Both he and his father Li Jing are good at poetry and calligraphy. His writing is good at expressing emotions with simple strokes, and feelings are real. Wang Guowei's "Ci Hua on Earth" was rated as absolutely beautiful. Early works mainly reflect court life, such as Sauvignon Blanc and Huanxisha. After he was captured, he made a great breakthrough compared with the previous period. Representative works include Yu Meiren, Broken Array, Waves of Sand, Meeting You Huan, etc. (7) Li Keran (1907- 1989), head teacher Niu Tang, is from Xuzhou. Former Professor of Central Academy of Fine Arts, Vice Chairman of China Artists Association, President of Chinese Painting Research Institute and member of CPPCC. Mr. Keran's landscape painting is profound and profound, which promotes the evolution and sublimation of national traditional painting with distinctive artistic personality. He is not only a master who has cultivated painting for more than 70 years, but also made important contributions to the development of artistic concepts. Many of his works are collected by major museums at home and abroad. The album includes Li Keran's paintings and Li Keran's paintings. (8) Kyle (19 18- 1976), a famous composer, music theorist and music educator in China, was born in Xuzhou, Jiangsu. He composed more than 200 music works in his life, which made outstanding contributions to the development of modern music culture in China. Among them, the songs are Nanniwan, We Are Democratic Youth, We Workers Have Strength, Luliangshan Chorus, Yangko, Couple Literacy, Zhouzishan (with Zhang Lu and Liu Chi), White-haired Girl (with Zhang Lu and Xiang Yu) and so on. ), the marriage of Xiao erhei, and the orchestral northern Shaanxi group. (9) Fan Zhongyan's father, Duangong's early years (988), went to Xuzhou as the secretary of Wuning Army (Xuzhou Military Secretary). Fan Zhongyan was born in Xuzhou on August 2nd, the second year of Song Taizong Duangong (989). When I was two years old, my father died in Xuzhou and my family became embarrassed. Two years later, his mother Xie took him to remarry in Shandong. On May 8th, Song Renzong (1052), Fan Zhongyan died in Xuzhou on the way from Qingzhou to Yingzhou (now Fuyang, Anhui) at the age of 64. (10) Sun Quan (182-252), Zhong Mou. Wu Dadi was the founder of Wu in the Three Kingdoms period. Fuchun County, Wu Jun (now Fuyang, Zhejiang). Born in the fifth year of Guanghe (AD 182), he was born in Xiapi (now Pizhou, Jiangsu) and died in Taiyuan in the second year (AD 252).