Generally, the original rock flower is sown and propagated from March to April, and it emerges about 6 ~ 15 days after sowing. Because the seeds are small, the seedlings are thin after emergence. Small plants that have just emerged grow slowly, so they should be carefully maintained, especially to prevent the invasion of harmful fungi. After more than a month, the plant began to grow, but the nutrients of the seeds themselves were basically exhausted, and the function of self-made nutrients was not fully formed. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement the nutrients needed for growth in time and give light (3000 ~ 10000 lux). At the same time, it is necessary to prevent excessive anthocyanin deposition in young plants caused by excessive light and inhibit growth. Therefore, the key to the later growth of Lithospermum seedlings lies in the maintenance between 50 and 80 days. The method of supplementing nutrition is to spray thin compound fertilizer with the same proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, so that it can be absorbed by leaves and a small amount of fertilizer solution can be absorbed by roots, and the concentration is controlled below 65438 0.5%. During this period, the temperature should be controlled at 15 ~ 30 degrees. At 3 months, the seedlings can grow to the size of mung beans. However, when the weather turns hot, we should pay attention to ventilation and cooling to make the substrate slightly dry, and beware of rotten seedlings caused by high temperature and high humidity and dormancy caused by high temperature. After autumn, the weather becomes cold, so you can divide the seedlings and plant them at a spacing of 2 cm. After two weeks' delay, the seedlings grow up again. To maintain strong seedlings, spray dilute liquid fertilizer every 10 day. By the end of 10, the plant can reach 12 mm by increasing the light amount and time. After 65438+2 months, the weather is getting colder, so adequate illumination, heat preservation and humidification measures should be taken to prevent the substrate from being too wet or too dry. Continue to maintain until the beginning of the second year, the atomic leaves split and new leaves (true leaves) began to grow. By the middle of April, the plant can reach 20 mm, and the seeds can be played and sold as commercial seedlings after 13 ~ 14 months from the sowing date. If you continue to cultivate, change the culture soil every six months. At the age of 24 months, the plant can reach more than 35 mm and become a standard plant, but it can't bloom yet, and the number of ears rarely increases.
In addition, it was observed that the growth rate of individual varieties with green or purple-black epidermis was significantly higher than that of red-purple varieties.
Second, about the dormancy of raw stone flowers
We found that the decisive factor causing the dormancy of raw stone flowers is temperature, followed by light. To break the dormancy of raw stone flowers, we must start from this aspect. The practice shows that as long as the temperature is kept at 15 ~ 28 degrees in late spring and early autumn, the annual seedlings should be applied with less nitrogen fertilizer and thin phosphorus and potassium fertilizer frequently, so that the cultivation substrate is not too dry and wet, the shading is 70%, the illumination time is shortened to 5 ~ 7 hours per day, and the temperature difference between day and night is 8 ~ 10 degrees, and the original rock flower grows all year round. Just because of the change of seasons, the growth rate is sometimes fast and sometimes slow. In temperate regions, summer dormancy can be broken by the above methods. Most areas in the north have indoor heating facilities in winter. As long as the original stone flower is placed in the environment above 10 ~ 15 degrees, given normal sunshine and extended illumination time with a light source of 20 ~ 40 watts, winter dormancy can be broken. Relatively speaking, winter dormancy is easier to break than summer dormancy.
Third, the method of further accelerating the growth rate of raw stone flowers
Breaking the dormancy of the original stone flower in winter and summer will undoubtedly promote its growth. Under the condition that the temperature can be controlled, the raw stone flowers will crack the old leaves for the first time in the sunny windowsill or closed balcony with heating in the northern region after winter and before the Spring Festival. At this time, fertilizer should be properly applied, and the amount of water should be slightly increased. Don't cover it, because ultraviolet rays have been discounted when sunlight passes through the glass. Loosen the culture medium once every half month to avoid damaging the root system. It is not until early April that the new leaves will grow to the size of the old ones. At this time, the old leaves and new leaves are cross-shaped, and the old leaves are not wrinkled, which does not affect the viewing during the Spring Festival. Of course, old leaves can also be cracked by raising or lowering the temperature in early January. In the north, residents stopped heating in mid-March, and the outdoor temperature rose to about 4 ~ 15 degrees, and the indoor temperature was 10 ~ 2 1 degrees. At this time, water should be less to increase the body fluid concentration of the new leaves. If the temperature is slightly lowered and maintained at about 7- 18 degrees, the obvious temperature difference will be formed with the change of day and night, and the effect will be better. At the beginning of May, when the outside temperature rose to 16 ~ 25 degrees, new leaves cracked, old leaves appeared and the number of ears increased. By mid-June, the plant had three pairs of leaves, and the bottom layer of leaves was still folded in a cross shape.
Analysis of the above situation, the fundamental factor is temperature. From the coolness in 65438+1 October to the temperature increase in165438+1October, the new leaves were first cracked in1month, and the subsequent temperature conditions made the new leaves grow and mature. After stopping heating in March, it entered a cooling state. After heating in late April, the plants flourished again and grew new leaves, which led to secondary growth and cracking. In fact, under artificial conditions, the plant experienced two winters and two summers in about 270 days from June 10 in the first year to May in the second year, and completed the growth and development process in nature for two years. This method accelerates the growth of individuals or flowers, but whether it can blossom and bear fruit early needs further observation and study.
Fourth, the matrix problem of potted original stone flower
Like other succulents, raw stone flowers are still mainly cultivated in soil. Overall grasp two points: loose and breathable, rich in organic matter. The author is used to using Clivia soil in the market, taking 1/3 perlite or vermiculite as the cultivation substrate, and adding a small amount of calcium superphosphate. In a pot with a depth of 15 ~ 20cm, put broken pot pieces with a thickness of 3 ~ 4cm, put fine bricks with a thickness of 2cm, put some decomposed sheep manure or oil cakes, then put the mixed culture soil at a distance of 1cm from the pot edge, slightly compact it, and carefully release the roots of the original stone flower seedlings with holes such as bamboo sticks. When preparing soil for cultivation and transplanting, the water content must be well controlled, and it is best to knead it into a ball by hand and let it go. Don't water after transplanting, put it in a warm place (15 ~ 20 degrees) and drop a little water around the plant after one week, and normal management can be carried out in half a month. When transplanted in this way, the survival rate is 100% whether the old plants are changed into pots or the seedlings sent from other places are put into pots.
Five, the use of fertilizer in the cultivation of raw stone flowers
The practice in recent years shows that decomposed sheep manure is the best base fertilizer for raw stone flowers. Because it is cool after ripening and rich in potassium, the PH value is about 7.2, and then it is mixed with oil cake to supplement trace elements and nitrogen fertilizer, which has comprehensive nutrition and is not dry or violent. Calcium superphosphate is added to supplement phosphorus and calcium to make it play a role in weak alkaline matrix. Therefore, the root system of the plant grows well, the leaves are full and shiny, the number of cracked heads increases, and it is easy to blossom and bear fruit. Usually, multi-element compound fertilizer is the main fertilizer for root fertilization, and organic fertilizer leaching solution can also be used. Adult plants should use less fertilizers with high nitrogen content or high inorganic salt content. When irrigating roots and fertilizing, prevent fertilizer and water from polluting plants. It is enough to spray ordinary foliar flower nutrient solution on the leaves. When new leaves open old leaves, apply urea directly, 6-8 plants are large and 3-4 plants are small, so as to promote the rapid growth of new leaves. However, plants must be prevented from rotting due to accumulated water in new cracks. Fertilization and watering should be carried out simultaneously. Try to apply thin fertilizer as often as possible, and don't be impatient, so as not to cause fertilizer damage.
Six, the cultivation and management of exotic plants
Generally, the introduction of raw stone flowers can only attract seedlings and sometimes seeds, but the introduction of seeds is rarely guaranteed in terms of variety and quality. Only seedlings are often sold in the market, and few mature plants are sold. Therefore, most referees can only order seedlings by mail. Generally, the seedlings of the original stone flower are dried before mailing, wrapped in soft and breathable paper, and delivered to the introducer after 5 ~ 8 days or more. Although the plant body will not suffer too much loss, the root system is very dry, and the root system of some plants will break when touched, leaving only fleshy leaves or roots connected, which is a pity to abandon and worry about survival when cultivated. In fact, the raw stone flower is very drought-tolerant in the producing area. Sometimes, if the root is without water for more than half a year, the highly lignified root will shrink, and the root can only be preserved by the moisture returned from the leaves. But as long as it is not absolutely dehydrated and the environmental conditions improve, the old roots will absorb water and swell to regenerate new roots. If the old roots break and fall, and the plants do not rot, new roots will grow from the remnants of the main roots. Based on these circumstances, don't rush to plant the original stone flower seedlings that have been mailed. First, soak the roots in water, put them on moist soil in a mild environment for 8- 12 hours, and then plant them according to the above transplanting method. There is no need to treat them with rooting agent. After 5 ~ 7 days, new roots will grow. Pay attention to the amount of water. It can be managed normally after half a month, and can be fertilized to promote growth after 20 days.
Individual plants are pure and rootless. As long as they are not rotten, they should not be abandoned. Using loose and breathable substrate, cutting and rooting in the environment of 15 ~ 25 degrees. There is no need to shade or moisturize when cutting, and tender white roots will be produced in 10 ~ 15 days. When the root length is 0.2 ~ 0.7 cm, the survival rate is quite high. This method can also be used for the ramet propagation of raw stone flowers.
The above content is copied to the internet just to let you better master its cultivation techniques.
If Jinhu has no roots (newly bought), it should be cultivated on sandy soil without vermiculite. Water should be thoroughly dried and sprayed once a day. Don't water too often, the roots will take root again in half a month. However, don't lift Jin Hu to check the root, or the new root will be broken.