Persuade sb. to study
Pre-Qin: Xunzi
Accumulated soil becomes mountains, and the wind and rain are prosperous; The water drops merged into the ocean and the dragon was born; Accumulate goodness into virtue, the gods are complacent, and the sacred heart is prepared. Therefore, you can't take Wan Li Road without accumulating steps; If you don't accumulate small streams, you won't be a river. Leap, not ten steps; This is a great contribution to the success of Ma Xu.
Perseverance, rotten wood can't be carved; Perseverance, the stone can be carved. Earthworms do not have the advantages of minions, and their bones and muscles are strong. They eat the earth and drink the yellow land with their hearts. The crab kneels six times and pinches twice. It's not that the snake hole has no sustenance, it's also impetuous. Therefore, those who have ulterior motives have no bright future.
He made much ado about nothing, which has nothing to do with hehe. Those who follow the right path will not come, and those who follow the right path will not allow it. Eyes can't see, ears can't hear. The viper flies without feet, and the mouse is poor in five skills. "Poetry" said: "The corpse dove is in Sang, and her son is seven.
A good gentleman with noble character is always a polite person. Its clumsy, heart knot! "So the gentleman with a also. I used to play drums, but the fish flowed out to listen; Boya Guqin, while Liu Ma raises Yuan. Therefore, the sound is not small but not heard, and the line is not hidden but not shaped.
Jade is moist in the mountains, pearls are born in the deep, and cliffs are not withered. Do good without accumulating evil? Did anyone not hear? Learn evil from scratch? Evil in the end? Yue: its number begins with chanting and ends with reading ceremony; Its significance begins with being a scholar and ends with being a saint. If you really accumulate strength for a long time, you will enter.
Learn until you finish. Therefore, there is an end to the number of students. If it is just, it cannot be abandoned for a moment. For it, people are also; Give up, so do animals. Therefore, this book is the discipline of political affairs; Poet, the stop of the middle voice; Etiquette, the main points of law, class discipline.
Therefore, learning must stop at ceremony. Husband is called the extreme of morality. The respect of ceremony, the harmony of music, the abundance of poetry and books, the micro-spring and autumn, between heaven and earth. The learning of a gentleman is also in the ear, in the heart, in the four bodies, and in the dynamic shape.
Finally, as long as you move, you can become law. The knowledge of villains is also heard, not spoken; Between the mouth and ears, four inches, seven feet of beauty! Ancient scholars were themselves, and today's scholars are people. The study of a gentleman is also for beauty.
Little people learn that birds are calves. Therefore, if you don't ask, you will be proud of it, and if you ask, you will be proud of it. Proud, no, ooh, no; A gentleman is like a man. Learn not to be close to others. Rites and music are not mentioned, poetry and books are not cut, and the Spring and Autumn Period is unhappy.
If you learn from a gentleman, you will respect him all over the world. Therefore, learning ink is almost close to people. Learning classics is not as fast as learning good people, followed by long rituals. You can't be a good person in the world, and you can't be a gift in the next life. Ante can learn miscellaneous knowledge, poetry and books.
Then, in the last poor years, it is inevitable that there will be rude Confucianism. The original king, benevolence and righteousness, then courtesy is in its latitude and longitude. If you pat your collar with five fingers, there will be countless followers. Don't mention the constitution, take poetry and books as its metaphor, or measure the river.
You can't get it with a pot of rice and a barrel of rice. Therefore, although Longli is unknown, he is also a lawyer; If you don't give a long gift, you will scatter Confucianism, although you will argue. If you ask, don't sue; Don't ask if you told anyone; Don't listen to those who talk. Don't argue with people who live up to expectations.
Therefore, we should learn from it and then pick it up; Avoid it unless it is the way. Therefore, return the courtesy before you can talk to the parties; Words are fluent, and then words and deeds can be consistent and justified; Therefore, color can be followed by words and actions. Therefore, it cannot be said in words that this is pride; What is self-evident is called concealment.
In terms of color, it is called sorrow. Therefore, a gentleman is not proud, not hiding, not jealous, let nature take its course. The poem says, "The son of heaven gave me comfort from bandits." This is also called. One shot in every shot is not good enough to shoot; It's not enough to defend.
Learning badly is because ethics has nothing to do with human nature. Those who learn well will learn well. Once in the way, once in the way, the person who draws the lane is also; There are fewer good people, more bad people, and stealing feet. All the people, and scholars.
A gentleman knows that her husband is not perfect and can't think of beauty, so he recites it consistently and thinks it over, so as to treat others and educate people. Let the eyes don't want to see, let the ears don't want to hear.
Let the mouth not have nothing to say, let the heart not have nothing to say. When you are good at time, your eyes are good with five colors, your ears are good with five tones, your mouth is good with five flavors, and your heart benefits the world. Therefore, rights cannot be dumped, the masses cannot be moved, and the world cannot be shaken.
Life depends on reason, death depends on reason, and husband is called virtue. Fuck, then you decide, then you decide, then you respond. A husband is an adult if he can handle it. The sky sees its light and the earth sees its light, and the gentleman values all this.
Translation:
Earth and rock piled up into mountains, from which wind and rain started; Water flows into the abyss, and dragons are born from it; Accumulate good deeds, cultivate noble morality, improve spirit, and thus have the state of mind of a saint. So don't make a mickle.
There is no way to reach thousands of miles away; Without the accumulation of tiny flowing water, there is no way to merge into the rivers and seas. The horse jumped less than ten paces; A bad horse walks for ten days in a row, and its success lies in its non-stop. If it takes some time, it will stop.
So the dead wood carving is also. If you insist on carving, then this stone can be carved successfully. Earthworms have no sharp claws and teeth, and no strong bones and muscles, but they can eat the soil and drink the underground spring water, because they are single-minded.
A crab has six legs and two claws, but it has nowhere to hide without snakes and eels, because it is impetuous. Therefore, without the will to study hard, there will be no significant academic achievements; No hard work.
There will be no great achievements in my career. Neither side will tolerate a man who can't get to his destination on the wrong road and serves two monarchs at the same time. The eyes cannot see two things at the same time and see clearly, and the ears cannot hear two sounds at the same time and hear clearly.
A poisonous snake can fly without feet, and a mouse has five skills, but there is still no way. The Book of Songs says, "Cuckoo nests in mulberry trees, and there are seven young birds. A good gentleman should be single-minded and impartial. Single-minded and impartial.
Will will be as strong as a rock. "So the gentleman is determined and single-minded. In ancient times, there was a harpist, and the fish in the water surfaced to listen. Boya plays the piano, and the horse pulling the cart will stop to eat and look up. So the sound will be too weak to be heard.
Behavior will not go undetected because it is hidden. If Baoyu is buried in a deep mountain, the vegetation is moist, and if pearls fall into the abyss, the cliff shore will not dry up. Good deeds can be accumulated, and they are not widely told. How can they be accumulated into virtues?
Where should learning begin and end? A: According to its practice, it should start with reading poems and other classics and end with reading the Book of Rites. In its sense, it begins with learning and ends with becoming a saint.
Sincere practice, such long-term accumulation, will certainly be able to deeply understand the fun, learn to die. Therefore, although the tutorial of learning has an end, the desire to make progress cannot be slackened for a moment. It takes a lifetime to learn to be a man, and vice versa.
Shangshu is a record of political affairs; The Book of Songs is a summary of one's heart. The Book of Rites is the premise of the legal system and the general program of various regulations, so you can't finish it until you learn the Book of Rites, which is the pinnacle of morality. The Book of Rites honors the ceremony.
The Book of Songs stresses harmony, The Book of Songs and The Book of History are profound and profound, and The Spring and Autumn Annals is full of great significance. They cover all the college questions between heaven and earth. Learn from a gentleman, listen to his ears and remember his heart.
It is manifested in dignified behavior and etiquette. Every move, even the slightest words and deeds, can set an example for others. Little people learn from their ears and from their mouths, only four inches apart. How can they perfect their seven-foot figure?
The study of the ancients is the demand of their own moral cultivation, but today's study is just to show off others. Gentlemen learn to improve themselves, while villains learn to show off and grandstanding, and take knowledge as gifts such as poultry and calves to win praise.
Therefore, it is impetuous to teach others without asking your advice; Asking and answering two questions is lengthy; Impetuousness and wordiness are wrong. A gentleman's question and answer should be like an empty valley, no more, no less, just right. Nothing is more convenient than getting close to your tutor.
"Book of Rites" and "Yue Ji" have statutes but are too rough; The Book of Songs and Shangshu are simple but not close to reality. Chunqiu is implicit but not thorough enough; It is noble and comprehensive to learn the knowledge of gentlemen by imitating good teachers, and it is also understandable to the world.
So learning is nothing more convenient than getting close to the tutor. Respecting the tutor is the most convenient way to learn, followed by advocating etiquette. If you don't respect the teacher and salute in class, just read some miscellaneous books, explain the Book of Songs, history books and so on.
Then he is just a scholar all his life. To study the wisdom of saints and seek the root of benevolence and righteousness, the shortcut to mastery is to start with etiquette. It's like bending your five fingers and lifting the collar of a fur robe. When you eat, your hair will be completely smooth
Not learning manners is like measuring a river with your fingers, holding millet with your fingers, and getting something to eat in a rice cooker with an awl. Therefore, respect etiquette, even if you can't understand the knowledge thoroughly.
Can yet be regarded as a moral and cultured person; If you have no manners, even if you can distinguish right from wrong and be eloquent, you are just a shallow Confucian scholar without real cultivation. If someone comes to you for an impolite question, don't answer it; Let's talk about impolite things.
Don't ask questions; Say rude things in front of you, don't participate; Don't argue with savage and competitive people. Therefore, it is necessary to conform to the principle of propriety and righteousness before giving reception; Avoid people who don't conform to the etiquette.
Therefore, only respectful and polite people can talk about the purpose of Tao; Only those who are fluent in writing can talk about the content of Tao; Only people with sincere attitude can talk about the profound meaning of Tao. Therefore, talking to a person who can't talk is impetuous.
Don't talk to people who can talk to you, that's neglect; Talking casually without looking at the other person's reaction is called blindness. Therefore, a gentleman should not be impetuous, careless or blind. He should be careful with everyone who comes for advice.
The Book of Songs says: "It is approved by the son of heaven not to be impetuous or negligent." That's the truth. An arrow in a hundred shots is not a good arrow if it doesn't hit the target; Car Ma Qianli, only half a step.
This is not a good driving; You can't master ethical norms, adhere to the principle of benevolence and righteousness, and of course you can't be considered good at learning. Learning is a matter that needs full attention. Learning for a while and stopping for a while are ordinary people in the market.
There are few good behaviors and many bad behaviors. Jay, Zhou and Tuo are all such people. A scholar can only be considered if he can master the knowledge he has learned comprehensively and thoroughly. A gentleman knows that learning is not perfect, so he reads a group of books in order to master it.
Understand with thinking and exploration, practice with the mentor as an example, and get rid of your wrong habits and temperament to maintain. I don't want to see if my eyes are crooked, I don't want to listen if my ears are crooked, and I don't want to talk if my mouth is crooked.
I don't want to think about whether my heart is right. When you reach the ideal state of concentrating on your study, you will be as eager to have colorful eyes, good ears and good mouth as you are. If you do this.
Then, there will be no evil thoughts in front of power and selfish desires, many people will not give in, and nothing in the world can shake their beliefs. Living is like this, and it will not change until death. This is called moral integrity. With virtue and integrity, we can be firm.
Perseverance first, then improvisation. If you can be firm and improvise, you are a mature and perfect person. At that time, the sky will be bright and the land will be wide, and the value of a gentleman lies in the perfection of virtue.
Extended data:
Creative background:
The important representatives of Confucianism in the Warring States period were Mencius and Xunzi. Mencius advocated that "the industrious rule the people and the industrious rule the people" and defended the ruling class.
Xunzi believes that human beings can conquer nature and should use nature to serve human beings. His disciples Han Fei and Li Si became important representatives of legalists at the end of the Warring States Period.
Appreciate:
Sometimes the author uses the method of contrast to organize two opposing situations together to form a sharp contrast to enhance the persuasiveness of the text. For example, he not only used some parallel metaphors when he stressed that learning must be persistent and single-minded.
He also used many opposite and complementary metaphors. He listed "one leap without ten steps" and "four horses drive ten times, and the contribution is not lost"; "Perseverance, rotten wood cannot be carved"; And earthworms with "strong bones and muscles".
You can come and go freely underground, but the crab with six knees and two claws can't even dig a small hole to shelter from the rain. This shows that the effects of "product" and "non-product" are completely opposite. In Xunzi's philosophy.
The word "product" is an important point of view. Xunzi believes that if you want to learn successfully, you must persist in accumulation. A person who tills the fields for a long time ("accumulated tillage") will become a farmer, and a person who cuts and cuts for a long time ("accumulated tillage") will become a craftsman.
Selling goods for a long time ("accumulating goods") will become a merchant; Long-term study of etiquette ("accumulation of etiquette") will make you a gentleman; Saints are just "human products". Just like An Xia, a Xia (Central Plains) native, habit becomes nature.
Knowing the significance of Xunzi's thought, it is not difficult for us to understand why he spent so much effort, chose so many metaphors and took pains to teach readers.
Most notably, the author is also good at gradually deepening the discussion through metaphor. If we ignore this feature, we will be dazzled by many metaphors and confuse the context of the text.
Take the first paragraph as an example. Except for an argumentative essay at the beginning and end, the whole paragraph is composed of metaphors. The author first uses the metaphors of "shine on you" and "ice is colder than water" to illustrate that the influence of the day after tomorrow can change the essence of things and make them develop.
Next, another metaphor is put forward: the straight wood of the middle rope, after transformation, has become the "wheel of its curve"; Even if it dries up and withers in the future, it is impossible to return to the "straight" state. This shows that the influence of the day after tomorrow is very important to change the nature of things.
Play a decisive role. In this way, the interpretation of the truth is a step forward. Then, using the two metaphors of "when tying rope, the wood is straight" and "when benefiting from time, the golden point", the importance of "being knowledgeable when participating in Japan and saving yourself" is introduced.
This passage is based on metaphor, and it is very logical from asking questions to summing up. The third important feature of "Encouraging Learning" is that the sentence pattern is neat and catchy. However, the author also pays attention to the proper insertion of loose sentences in parallelism, so that the style is smooth and not rigid.
Because of the above stylistic characteristics, Xunzi's philosophical prose has its own good reading side; However, this is not the whole problem. Take this article "Encouraging Learning" as an example, there are more than a dozen interchangeable words, and some of them are not very commonly used.
The author introduces:
Xunzi (about 325-238 BC) was honored as "Qing", so he was also called. Sun Qing was renamed in the Han Dynasty, a native of Zhao State (now southern Shaanxi) at the end of the Warring States Period, and a famous thinker in the pre-Qin period. Xunzi studied in Qi in his early years and learned a lot.
He served as the "wine sacrifice" of "Xia Ji Gong Xue" of Qi State (the length of Gong Xue) three times. In about 264 BC, at the invitation of him, he went west to the State of Qin. After that, he returned to Zhao, where he joined Cheng Xiao in front of Linwu Junyi. Later, Xunzi was used by Chu Chunshen.
It is the order of Lanling (now Lanling Town, Cangshan County, Shandong Province). Engaged in teaching and writing in his later years. Xunzi is knowledgeable, inherits and develops Confucianism and absorbs the strengths of other schools, so he is unique in Confucianism. On the issue of human nature, Xunzi advocated the theory of evil nature.
Good humanity is the result of education. In the view of heaven, he put forward the view that "those who master fate and make use of it" will conquer heaven. Xunzi attached great importance to ceremony, and advocated the Confucian thought of kingship, believing that "water can carry a boat and also overturn it".