The guest said: "Gai Yu heard: I am very skilled in cooking, and I also eat the cows, and I also eat the health." The wheel is flat, so is the wheel, and the reader is with it. Everything is reasonable, and its followers are different. What's more, master entrusted it to the four masters, but he was smart, which is not right? "

The title is: this paragraph contains profound truth, please comment from two angles.

If you are familiar with these two stories, it should not be difficult to answer them. Nothing more than starting from two aspects: content and expression: pointing to the theme again and summing up the experience of learning from bamboo; In terms of expression, the analogy is made between skilled workers and wheels-flat wheels, which shows that art is interlinked. However, students in Shanghai have never learned "how to become an expert in understanding cattle", let alone "wheel-flat wheel"? Therefore, I have to make great efforts to tell them these two stories one by one first. Although the students are still indifferent to Chinese, I suddenly have a question: What do "keeping in good health" and "taking medicine" mean to "controlling cattle"? What is the "wheel" of "scholar" and "harmony"?

So I read the book again and explored.

I. "I Know Cows Skillfully" is included in "Zhuangzi's Chapter III", and the original text is as follows:

My life is limited, but so is my knowledge. With restrictions, there is no restriction, and it is almost there! It's almost enough for people who already know! Good has no near name, and evil has no near punishment. The Governor thinks that you can protect yourself, live all your life, support your relatives and do it for several years.

My skill is to help Wen. What the hand touches, what the shoulder leans on, what the foot steps on, what the knee leans on, and what the knife plays naturally are all alto: the dance of mulberry trees, the first meeting.

Wen said, "Hey, good! So much for technical coverage? "

My master released the knife and said to him, "I like Tao;" I'm entering the technical field. When the first minister solved the cow, he saw nothing but the cow; I haven't seen all the cows for three years. At this time, I saw God instead of looking at him. Zhi Zhi was an official and wanted to do something. According to heaven, we should criticize and guide the big ones, because the technology and experience are certainly not bad, but the situation is excellent! A good man is a better cutter; There are many knives and many folds in the family month. Today, I killed thousands of cows with my sword for nineteen years, but if the blade is new. There is a gap between people for a while, but the blade is not thick; With thickness, there is space, and there is room for recovery! 19 years, the blade is new. Although, as for the competition, I think it is difficult, it is a warning that it is too late to act now. The knife is very small, and what should be solved has been solved, such as land. Stand with a knife, look around, aim high, and hide it with a knife. "

Wen said, "Good! I listened to my master and I have to stay healthy. "

If you want to understand how Zhuangzi compares "the way to sustain life" by understanding cows, you must follow the steps:

First of all, I should understand the characteristics of three stages of my understanding of cattle: (1) At the beginning of my understanding of cattle, I felt at a loss when I saw the physiological structure of an unfamiliar cow. (2) After three years, I know the physiological structure of cattle like the back of my hand, and I also know the characteristics of various parts of cattle. When I solve the cow, I am not facing the whole cow. (3) Nineteen years later, I have mastered the way of keeping in good health, and I can hold a knife at my own will without sensory contact.

Secondly, we should also understand the three kinds of people that Zhuangzi compared Zudong, Liang Dong and Ding Dong to: (1) Zudong, which means they are stubborn, foolhardy and easily damaged mentally. (2) Compared with people who are good at handling things, good manners will also be damaged because they are obsessed with solving problems and do not know how to be flexible. (3) It is difficult for a clever woman to cook without rice, and it is a metaphor for a person who can "understand the truth". They know how to conform to the natural way, and their spirit will not be damaged.

Next, Zhuangzi's fable of "being good at controlling cattle" can solve the problem of "keeping in good health":

(1) He compared "life" with "knife" and "nature" with "blade"; The bones and muscles of cattle are metaphors of many things in the world. My understanding of cattle can be "according to nature" and "because of its nature", which is based on "nineteen years and a new blade" This is a metaphor. If people can adapt to nature, no matter how complicated things are, they can cope, then their nature will be intact and they will enjoy the years.

(2) When Wen heard an expert say that when solving cattle, he only needs to find the cracks in the joints and don't cut them indiscriminately, so he will understand that doing things is the same as governing the country. As long as he finds the key point and follows the laws of nature, things can be solved.

This fable actually illustrates Zhuangzi's thought. Zhuangzi believes that human society is full of complicated contradictions. Only by avoiding contradictions like an expert in solving cows and "drilling into a room without thickness" can people preserve their health, support their loved ones and spend the rest of their lives. This is a negative philosophy of life. However, as an independent fable, revelation is universal and universally applicable: everything has its objective laws. As long as you practice repeatedly and accumulate experience, you can know and master the laws of things like an expert, so as to be "comfortable".

Second, the "Wheel Flat Wheel" was collected in Thirteen Heavenly Roads, which was written by Zhuangzi. The original text is as follows: "Huan Gong is studying in the class, and the wheel is placed under the class, and the spine of the book is chiseled. He asked Huan Gong,' Dare to ask: What does the public reader say is evil?' The public said,' the words of saints are also.' Say,' Do saints care?' The public said,' I'm dead. Yue:' Only your readers, the dregs of the ancients have been married! Huan Gong said:' I am studying, and it is my turn to discuss! If you have something to say, you're dead if you don't! "Lun Ping said:' I also regard it as a matter for ministers. Wheel Xu is sweet but not real, the disease is bitter but not into, not allowed to be not sick, from the hand to the heart, the mouth can not speak, there are several meantime. I can't compare with my son, and my son can't be influenced by me, so I am 70 years old. The ancients died if they couldn't pass it on, and your readers and the scum of the ancients all married off! ”"

In fact, Zhuangzi cited the example of "Ping Lun" to prove his point: books and languages are precious in the world, not what they should be. Lun Ping is a master of wheels. He knows the mystery of wheels well, but he can't express it in words and pass it on to his son. Obviously, this method of expressing the mystery of the wheel from the heart and from the heart is fundamental. If you can't master this mysterious method and put it into practice, everything will be empty.

However, if we explore further, this fable actually wants to ask: Can we grasp the spirit of our predecessors through language and writing? There is no doubt that the answer isno. Therefore, the essence of the dialogue between Huan Gong and Lun Ping is that neither the ability to ride a wheel nor the ability to govern the country can be obtained through the literal words of books, but through hands or bodies. Because the knowledge in the brain is based on the formalization of language, when reading a book, the knowledge moves from the book to the brain, which is considered as the general way of knowledge transmission and acquisition. However, through this fable, Zhuangzi believes that knowledge does not come from the brain to the book, and then from the book to the brain, but only when things correspond to the body. Without the body, knowledge will be destroyed. For example, in order to understand riding easily, riding knowledge is necessary. However, people who can ride bicycles have written a book, How to Ride a Bicycle. Should people who learn to ride a bike read it? There is no doubt that such a book will be quite helpful, but it is far from enough. In fact, if you want to learn to ride a bike, you still have to practice it yourself. Bicycles can only ride properly if they correspond to their physical fitness. After reading the textbook How to swim, I can't swim. It is for this reason that Lun Ping can't pass on his skills to his son. What it can't express in words is its understanding of this body.

From this, I thought of our Chinese teaching. When teaching classical Chinese, our teachers often talk more and students do less. Yes, the words of saints are still the dross of saints. So when we are used to giving lectures to students, have we ever thought about "flat wheels"? But, on the other hand, when you face a group of children who don't want to practice at all, don't you talk about it? )