Sexual reproduction is a reproductive mode in which sexual germ cells (gametes) produced by parents combine with bisexual germ cells (such as sperm and egg cells) to become zygotes (such as fertilized eggs), and then the zygotes develop into new individuals.

Asexual reproduction is a reproductive mode that directly produces offspring from a part of the mother without the combination of germ cells. In forestry, some vegetative organs of trees and materials such as flower buds, anthers and female gametophytes are often used for asexual reproduction. Anthers, flower buds and female gametophytes usually propagate in vitro through tissue culture. The gene of the rooted plant is exactly the same as that of the mother plant method.

The seedlings cultivated in this way are called asexual seedlings. (Cloning is also a kind of asexual reproduction)

Vegetative reproduction is a kind of asexual reproduction, which is a reproductive mode that directly produces offspring through vegetative organs.