Gerzwan Guli of China Medical University (the great-grandson of the old man) said: The old man has a good attitude and is optimistic. In addition, she also said that it is important to drink more water and pay attention to breakfast.
Ali Mihan, who just celebrated her birthday on 134, is now the first birthday girl in China, and is also regarded as the oldest person in the world, waiting for her official certification by Guinness World Records.
The theoretical life span of human beings
Theoretically speaking, people's life span is limited, and the limit is 120 years old. This is not the result of random calculation by scientists, but has a strict logical structure.
In the last century, scientists found a hat-like fragment at the top of the chromosome, which they called "telomere". Although telomeres are located at both ends of chromosomes, telomeres do not perform any functions like genes, but protect the stability of chromosomes like hats.
Telomeres do not replicate themselves like other genes, but every time a cell divides, the telomeres at both ends of the chromosome will be shortened by half. When the length of telomeres can't be shortened, cells can't continue to divide and cells will die. Therefore, telomeres are also called "biological clocks".
Because of the discovery of telomere and how telomerase protects chromosomes, three-dimensional scientists won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology (or Medicine).
196 1 year, some scientists found that cell division is regular and limited. Most human cells can only divide for 50 generations, and each division cycle is 2.4 years, that is to say, the theoretical life span of human beings should be 120 years.
The reason why we can't live to the theoretical life span is that apart from telomeres affecting human aging, there are also genetic diseases, living environment and psychological factors affecting life span, so that we can't live to the theoretical upper limit.
However, the old people in Amihan can break through the theoretical life span. What's going on here?
Ninety-something
Although theoretically, it is difficult for human beings to live to 120 years old, the reason why Ali Mihan can exceed 120 years old is actually because human beings do not have only one set of standards, and everyone's genes are more or less different. These genetic differences led her to break through 120 years old and live to 134 years old.
We can think of our bodies as machines produced in factories. Although the genetic similarity between each of us is 99.99%, the parts of each of us are sometimes slightly different, which leads to some machines being scrapped before the theoretical use year, while some machines can still operate after the use year.
So is the human body. There are few gene mutations in everyone, and some will make it difficult for individuals to adapt to the environment and die, such as gene mutation. There are some genetic mutations that can help individuals survive, such as being immune to certain diseases. There are also some gene mutations that have no effect on the human body, such as longevity genes.
Longevity gene is neutral, because it doesn't accept natural selection, because natural selection is all genes that help survival and mating. Longevity gene can't help individuals to survive better when they are young, nor can it help individuals to reproduce better, so this gene doesn't accept natural selection, so even if this gene once appeared, it won't be popular in a large area, and it may even disappear.
The same is true of genes that can break through the theoretical life limit. Even if the gene has appeared in the population, the probability of being preserved is not high. Only a few lucky people carry this gene, and because of acquired factors, they live longer than the average person.
There are many people who want to get their own longevity secrets or habits. But in fact, their longevity is engraved in their genes. Although their daily life also helps to prolong their life, even if we follow the secrets they teach us, we will not live as long as they do.
Why do women live longer?
If you count the people who live long, you will find that women live longer than men. What is the reason?
Actually, it's because of the female chromosome. As we know, female sex chromosome is XX and male sex chromosome is XY. That is to say, women have homologous chromosomes, while men don't, because their chromosomes are inconsistent.
The advantage of homologous chromosomes is that they can prevent the onset of recessive diseases, such as hemophilia on the X chromosome. Because women have two X chromosomes, if one of them does not carry hemophilia, then the woman will not get sick. But because men only have one X chromosome, men will get sick.
In addition, men have a Y chromosome, and if there is a genotype disease on the Y chromosome, then the man will also get sick. It can be seen that due to the lack of homologous chromosomes, any sex chromosome of men will carry pathogenic genes, which will lead to individual illness, so the life expectancy of men will be slightly lower than that of women.
In addition, men face a little more pressure than women, and there is a saying that girls are gentler and men's emotions fluctuate more, but the correlation between these hypotheses and science has not been confirmed.
In short, for various reasons, women generally live longer than men.