Of course, with the progress and development of society, literature and art, this blunt and didactic statement gradually withdrew from its direct position in the works, and the novel paid more and more attention to integrating the device with the story itself, so that it did not appear at all, but was naturally revealed through stories and characters. Because, after all, novels mainly tell stories vividly, describe the environment and portray characters, and abstract and conceptual themes and meanings should be deeply contained in them.
Taking this standard to measure and compare eight stories, we can see some advantages and disadvantages. Eight stories can be divided into four types and tastes. The first kind: basically a story that is hard to pull, unreasonable and nonsense. This can be taken as an example from the fourth and eighth floors. In the fourth paragraph, "How can blind people listen to prostitution and catch Korea? Fire is far away." At the end of the story, it is deliberately pointed out: "... the dung dustpan points at a broom, and there is nothing to say." Why are blind people blind? He should only find a disabled wife to do it well. How can this beautiful wife do nothing? How can she manage it in the end? " The blind man caught the dark cloud of rape, but his neighbor advised him not to tell anyone about it. At the end of the day, he still thinks that he is not suitable for shame.
In fact, this makes no sense, not to mention discrimination against the disabled, at least it does not conform to the feudal concept of chastity and secular human feelings. And the plot design is unreasonable. Dark clouds and shy moon play in front of each other. Although the blind can't see, their hearing is much higher than that of ordinary people. There is absolutely no reason to say that intimate intercourse is pure joy, except that it is possible to cover up the sound of intercourse with the sound of laundry. In fact, he has heard the voice of grinding bean curd, who chews the mouse with shame. It is just a way to coax children. A blind man who has become a husband and is extremely sensitive, how to coax him? In the eighth story, three young widows and a handsome man take turns to commit adultery. Finally, he said, "Everyone should be punished. This is the evil of nature, and people deserve it. " Fornication is detestable, but the unfortunate ending of the three widows and Hua Chun is too accidental. How can you encounter bad luck after remarriage? This is the same as saying that their three husbands "died one after another", and the traces of artificial fabrication are deep. In fact, according to the warning after the above paragraph, the work is more realistic and reasonable: "But people with widows must know that widows are hard to do, but if we wait for others, will there be remarried women who will barely stay?" As for Zhang Chou, is it too late to regret marrying? " The second type: the virtual attack of ghosts and gods interspersed in the real story. The first and third stories are of this type. Let's look at the third story-quit gambling. It is a common fact in life to lose one's family and wife because of gambling. This is the content of the work, and it is ok to quit gambling, but as written in the third paragraph, the technique is really not high.
One is about what happened to the gambler's wife, and it can also be used as a side to write about the harm of gambling. But in the novel, when she wanted to commit suicide, she wrote that an old man (land god) gave her money and rice, divided the fire, let it burn to her brother's sister-in-law's house and burned her sister-in-law. This is too illusory, divorced from the original real scene and performance intention, and introduced the old-fashioned feeling of heaven and man. Second, my wife and husband are in Yangzhou, and my husband gambled heavily. The stakes are huge: at one end is a pawnshop; A wife at one end. Fortunately, I won. What if we lose? Don't gamble if you win, and don't gamble if you lose? Later, they got the money to pay off their debts. Isn't this the antonym of gambling? When Pearson gambled, his wife didn't persuade him (maybe he wasn't there), but he was happy and persuaded him afterwards. How can I say this? "Pei Sheng Xing has a wife. Otherwise, don't worry about losing money "? The first story in the work is that "a good talented man is greedy for money and hurts his health", which has been shown through images and character stories. However, a monk came to kill him in the dream, and Yunfa's father burned incense and lit candles to make a Dojo to send him away. As a result, Yunfa, who was terminally ill, regained consciousness and recovered. This is incompatible with the real life narrative in the first half, which invisibly damages the expressiveness and persuasiveness of the work. It is logical and possible to have nightmares (dreams related to adultery) during illness, but it is unreasonable for ghosts and gods to suddenly leave and people to resurrect, but it weakens the theme of "greedy for money hurts the body".
The third kind: novels with vivid plots, natural characters and vivid stories. For example, the second paragraph, the fifth paragraph and the sixth paragraph. The fifth story is written in the same way as the sixth story, and the theme tips are similar. In the fifth paragraph, Lu Sheng talked about going out for whoring and concubinage, running out of money and being persecuted to death. In fact, he still said that he should give up prostitution. The sixth paragraph is the story of abstinence from alcohol. Alcoholism in horse weeks. Once he swears not to drink or drink less, his talents will be brought into play, and heroes will have a place to play, and good opportunities will follow. Although these two stories are a little simple, the clues are clear, and the development of characters and the turning point of fate are more in line with common sense of life. The second story is vivid, and the relationship between characters is more complicated. The works mainly describe and describe stories objectively, but in the end, Mrs. Yu Yang's death is even more sudden. It is worth pointing out that the tragic ending is not or mainly not caused by Yu Yang's henpecked wife, but by Fahrenheit and people's lewdness.
This is not consistent with the author's theme of "staying away from fear", but should still be "abstinence"
The fourth kind: it is a story composed entirely of character development and interpersonal relationship, and the reason the author wants to explain lies in the story plot. This is the seventh best story in the book. Akaguchi's boastful personality and his clever act of making tea pour lead to a series of story plots, such as the abuse of the Korean family, Han's departure, Akaguchi's imprisonment, Zou Guang's arrest, Akaguchi's escape and his murder in An Temple, and Zou Guang's recognition of the truth of the murder in An Temple. Therefore, the red mouth begging for tea and boasting, like a stone thrown into a calm lake, suddenly rippled and fluctuated outward. Stir up the surrounding aquatic plants, fish and shrimp, and the center lies in that stone. The reason of the story, the characters go to prison, become monks, die, etc. , lies in the red mouth of the wave mouth. The theme of the novel No Wave Mouth is naturally and fully revealed.
The titles of Baduanjin catalogue are "Collection of Awakening Jushi" and "Participating in Booking", and the author's name is unknown. It is sealed with the new version of Baduanjin and Zuiyuelou catalpa. This edition of Zuiyuelou in the early Qing Dynasty is now in Peking University Library. Because it is engraved, the handwriting is vague, and there is no preface and postscript. Some themes in the book come from this collection of ancient and modern novels. For example, the first paragraph "A talented person is greedy for money, a ghost who commits lust, caution and regret" comes from the third volume of ancient and modern novels, "Wang Han is sold in Xinqiao City", and the sixth paragraph "Ma Zhou is frustrated by drunkenness, and princes are poor in money and know heroes" comes from the fifth volume of ancient and modern novels. Because of the whole writing, there is more room for adultery between men and women. In the 18th year of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty, the provincial judge of Jiangsu Province and the 24th year of Daoguang, the governor of Zhejiang Province set up a bureau to ban obscene novels, including Ba Duan Jin, and the novels banned in Tongzhi for seven years were banned again.