Pogostemon cablin Etmey。 ) o.ktze is also known as Pogostemon rugosa, Pogostemon stachys and Pogostemon rugosa. It is a perennial herb of Labiatae. It is distributed all over China, mostly cultivated. Location: Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Sichuan and other provinces. Use whole grass as medicine. The whole plant contains agastacin, agastacin, isoagastacin, 5- hydroxy -4'- methoxy-γ-glucosylflavone glycoside, 1- humulone, 1- isomenthone and volatile oil. The oil mainly contains methyl piperonal, anisaldehyde, p-methoxycinnamaldehyde and a small amount of limonene and sesquiterpene. Pharmacological research shows that the volatile oil of Pogostemon cablin can promote gastric juice secretion, enhance digestion, and has spasmolytic and antiseptic effects on gastrointestinal tract. It has the sedative effect of inhibiting nerves and has strong antibacterial effect on common dermatophytes. Pungent in taste and slightly warm in nature. It has the effects of dispelling summer heat, relieving exterior syndrome, eliminating dampness, regulating middle warmer, regulating qi, stimulating appetite, and stopping vomiting. Can be used for treating common cold due to summer dampness, abdominal distension and abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea, and anorexia.

I. Morphological characteristics

Plant height 0.3- 1.5m, fragrant. Stems erect, quadrangular, reddish, sparsely pilose and glandular. Leaves opposite, petiole length 1-4 cm. Leaf blade is heart-shaped ovoid to oblong-lanceolate, 4- 1 1 cm long and 2-6 cm wide, with blunt teeth at the edge, scattered transparent glandular spots at the top and pilose and glandular spots at the bottom. Cymes gather into terminal spikes; Bracts lanceolate, pubescent; Calyx tubular, often dyed light purple or purplish red, with 15 veins, 5-lobed; Corolla lip-shaped, purple, lavender or white, with slightly concave upper lip and 3-lobed lower lip; Stamens 4, protruding beyond corolla, strong enemy. Nutlets are ovoid and yellow, with ribs on the ventral surface and short bristles on the top (Figure 16-42).

Figure 16-42 Morphological diagram of Pogostemon cablin

1. Plant 2. flower

Second, biological characteristics.

Pogostemon cablin was born on hillsides and roadsides. It likes warm and humid climate and has certain cold tolerance. Roots can overwinter in the field in Beijing, but they are usually planted once a year. Generally, soil can be planted, but sandy soil with good drainage is better; Planted in low-lying land where water is easy to accumulate, the roots are easy to rot and die. The flowering period is from June to August, and the fruiting period is from July to September.

Third, cultivation techniques.

(1) land selection, soil preparation and fertilization

Choose sandy soil or loam land with good drainage, apply about 2500 kilograms of ring fertilizer per mu, turn it into the ground and rake it flat to make the border.

(2) Breeding methods

Seed propagation. When Pogostemon cablin is harvested from June to July, the inflorescence is being pulled out or blossomed, so it should be left in the field and harvested when most seeds turn brown. After harvesting in the shade, mature for a few days, dry and knock off the seeds.

Sichuan autumn sowing, September -65438+ 10, according to the row spacing of each hole, the hole is 3-6 cm deep, the bottom is flat, after applying human and animal manure, 0.5 kg seeds per mu are mixed with plant ash and evenly scattered in the hole. If it doesn't rain for a long time, water it in time. Autumn sowing emerged in the same year, with long growth period, high yield and high temperature in the south, so autumn sowing can be used.

Sowing in March and April in the north, draw a small shallow ditch with a depth of 1- 1.3 cm along the border according to the row spacing, evenly spread the seeds into the ditch, cover the soil with 6- 10 cm, step on it with your feet, and water it when the soil is too dry. The yield of spring sowing is low. The dosage of seeds is 0.5-0.8 kg per mu.

(3) Site management

The temperature is between 13- 18℃, the soil moisture is sufficient, and the seedlings emerge in about 10 days. The height of seedlings is 6- 10 cm, and seedlings are reserved according to the plant spacing of 10- 15 cm, and 3-4 seedlings are reserved in each hole. Often loosen the soil and weed. When the seedling height is 30-35 cm, it should be cultivated and fertilized. Generally, it is applied 2-3 times in June-August, mainly with human excrement and urine or fully decomposed manure, and the amount of diluted human and animal excrement and water is about 1 1,000 kg each time, or10-10.3 kg ammonium sulfate per mu, and then it is watered.

(4) Pests and diseases and their control

1. brown spot disease

(Cercospora labiatae)

Hurt the leaves. Leaf lesions are round or nearly round, with light brown center and dark brown edges, and light black mold is produced. Generally, it begins in May and June, and the rainy season is heavier. Control methods: (1) Remove diseased leaves in time and burn them; (2) implement crop rotation; (3) Spray1:1:100 bordeaux mixture before and during the onset.

2. Leaf blight

(Septoria Lofansi Winter)

The lesions on both sides of the leaves are polygonal, with an initial diameter of 1-3 mm, dark brown and yellow leaves. In severe cases, the diseased spots converge and the leaves die. It takes place from June to September. Prevention and control methods: (1) clear the garden in winter and burn the dead leaves intensively; (2) Spray 50% Aeromonas hydrophila solution with 65,438+0,000 times, once every 7 days, and spray continuously for 2-3 times. No more spraying within two weeks before harvest.

3. Fusarium wilt disease

It often occurs in the rainy season from mid-June to early July. Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani (mart. )app。 et wollenw。 And semi-naked flowers. It was isolated from the rotten roots of Pogostemon cablin. The leaves and tips of damaged plants droop and wither, and the roots rot. Low-lying areas prone to water accumulation or shallow ditches with poor drainage are prone to diseases. Prevention and control methods: (1) Drain ditches in time after rain to reduce field humidity; (2) At the early stage of the disease, pull out the diseased plants, and water the diseased spots and the roots of neighboring plants with 1000 times solution of 70% dixone powder or 500 times solution of 40% carbendazim gum suspension to prevent spreading.

4. Ardisia cinnabarina

Tetranychus cinnabarinus

From June to August, the weather was dry, high temperature and low humidity, and gathered in the leaf backstab to suck juice, and small spots began to appear. Later, larger yellow-brown spots can be seen on the surface of leaves. After unfolding, the whole leaves turn yellow and green, and common leaves fall off. Control methods: (1) Clear the fields, collect fallen leaves and burn them centrally during harvesting; (2) Clear weeds in fields, ditches and roadsides in early spring; (3) Spraying 40% omethoate for 2000-2500 times during the occurrence period. Stop spraying half a month before collection.

In addition, there are Anoplophora glabripennis, bean moth, yellow-bellied moth, leaf beetle, cricket and so on.

Fourth, harvesting and processing.

Annual planting in the north; South Sichuan, Zhejiang and other provinces can harvest for two years after planting, and the second year's output is high.

Fertilization should be applied after winter harvest to ensure a bumper harvest next year.

From June to July, when the inflorescence of a plant does not bloom, the whole grass should be cut off on a sunny day, spread thinly on the ground until sunset, put it in a crib for the night, sun it the next day, put it in after sunset, and tie it tightly in the morning to avoid losing its fragrance. The second harvest was carried out in June+10/October, 5438, and it was quickly dried, dried and baked as medicine.