1, etiology and pathogenesis Chinese medicine believes that "failure means pain". No matter what the reason is, it will cause pain.
(1) Exogenous pathogens: Exogenous pathogens such as cold, heat, summer-heat and dampness invade the abdomen, which makes the spleen and stomach transport and transform abnormally, and the pathogens stay in the middle, which makes the qi flow blocked, and it hurts when it is blocked. Among them, all kinds of pathogenic factors can be transformed into each other, such as cold coagulation and heat, dampness and heat, etc., forming various types of clinical manifestations.
(2) Unhealthy diet: Overeating, or eating unclean things, or eating thick and spicy products can lead to food stagnation, damp heat, or heat stagnation in the gastrointestinal tract, which can all lead to abdominal pain. It is recorded in Neijing that "double diet hurts the stomach", which means this.
(3) Emotional disorder: emotional failure, liver injury due to depression and anger, liver failure, qi stagnation and blood stasis; Or the liver qi goes against the wind and invades the spleen and stomach, resulting in disharmony between the spleen and stomach, unfavorable qi transport and abdominal pain. Qi stagnation for a long time, can not promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis, blood stasis abdominal pain.
(4) Yang deficiency: Yang deficiency, weakness of spleen and yang, weakness of transport and transformation, stagnation of cold and dampness, deficiency of qi and blood, and loss of warm nourishment of viscera, resulting in abdominal pain.
2. According to the etiology, location and nature of pain, it is clear that the main organs involved are qi and blood and cold and heat deficiency and excess. Treatment of abdominal pain, according to the theoretical basis of "general principle is painless", takes "tong" as the principle, and "tong" has the distinction of promoting qi and blood circulation. According to clinical manifestations, different "dredging" methods are adopted, that is, attacking the essence, supplementing its deficiency, cold is hot, heat is cool, qi stagnation is regulating qi, and blood stasis is promoting blood circulation.
(1) deficiency-cold syndrome:
Syndrome: Abdominal pain, or pain caused by restraint, sometimes stops, likes heat and hates cold, and likes to press when it hurts, especially after hunger and fatigue, diarrhea, fatigue, shortness of breath, chills, cold limbs and dull complexion. The tongue is pale with white fur, and the pulse is heavy and thin.
Treatment: warming and benefiting qi, helping yang to dispel cold.
Main prescription: Xiaojianzhong decoction.
(2) Qi stagnation syndrome:
Symptoms: abdominal distension, sudden attack, pain to hypochondriac or lower abdomen, chest tightness and belching, pain relieved after hot air or shortness of breath, severe pain when stimulated, thin and white tongue coating, and thready pulse.
Treatment: soothing the liver and relieving depression, promoting qi circulation and relieving pain.
Main prescription: Chaihu Shugan Powder.
(3) Blood stasis syndrome:
Symptoms: abdominal pain with little pain, persistent, severe pain, fixed pain, dark purple tongue, or ecchymosis, pulse string or stagnation.
Treatment; Promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, promoting qi circulation and relieving pain.
Prescription: Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction.
(4) food accumulation syndrome:
Symptoms: abdominal distension, pain, refusal to press, anorexia, vomiting, acid swallowing, or painful diarrhea, or constipation, thick and greasy tongue coating and slippery pulse.
Treatment: digestion and stagnation.
Major political parties; Zhike daozhi pill
3, dialectical nursing
(1) deficiency-cold syndrome:
Abdominal pain is caused by a cold, so the ward is warm and sunny, and more clothes and quilts are needed. Pay special attention to keeping your abdomen warm. You can use an abdominal belt, abdominal health care products or put a hot water bag in your abdomen.
② Pay attention to body temperature, because healthy qi is weak and the body's reaction ability is low. Even if the temperature is not high, it may be critical. If the body temperature rises suddenly, it will aggravate the condition and should be diagnosed and treated in time.
③ Acupoints commonly used for acupuncture analgesia are Zusanli, Hegu, Neiguan, Shu Tian and Zhongyu. Patients with this syndrome often use warm therapy, such as moxibustion at Shenque, Guanyuan and Zhongji points, or abdominal hot compress, scallion scalding, salt scalding, and oral ginger and brown sugar water isothermal to dispel cold and relieve pain.
④ Patients mainly show persistent pain and prefer to lie prone, so clothes should be soft.
If people feel pain when they are hungry, they can give some hot food or drink to relieve the pain.
6 diet should be warm, avoid cold and thick wine pulp. Ginger, onion, mustard, pepper, garlic and leek can all be used as seasonings. Patients should be instructed to pay attention to diet adjustment and choose products that warm the middle warmer and replenish qi, such as mutton, beef, pumpkin, lentils, yam, lotus seeds, walnuts, longan, jujube, chestnuts, bean products, milk and eggs.
⑦ Plum blossom tapping on both sides of spine can promote spleen and stomach function.
(2) Qi stagnation syndrome:
① Qi stagnation is mostly caused by mood fluctuation. It should be explained to patients that maintaining a good mood can relieve pain, and irritability will aggravate the importance of the condition, so that they can cooperate with medical treatment and maintain emotional stability.
(2) gas condenses when it is cold, and it will be fine when it is hot. So keep warm and don't catch cold, which will reduce the pain of qi.
③ The temperature and humidity in the ward are appropriate, and patients are easily agitated and unwilling to be disturbed. Therefore, attention should be paid to indoor quietness, and treatment and various operations should be concentrated as much as possible.
④ Traditional Chinese medicine and diet should be taken with hot noodles, or it can relieve pain.
⑤ People with qi stagnation, abdominal pain or abdominal distension should avoid eating pumpkin, potatoes, sweets and other foods that are easy to block qi. White radish, garlic, leeks, mushrooms, oranges and other items that have effects on temperature can be used as diet therapy.
(3) Blood stasis syndrome:
① Observe whether there is a mass in the abdomen and the position, shape, tenderness and relationship between the mass and the abdomen. Generally, qi is invisible and blood is visible, so there are many lumps in patients with blood stasis and they are fixed. If the lump is changeable, sometimes large and sometimes small, and sometimes absent, it may be caused by qi stagnation and needs to be differentiated.
② Abdominal pain is more, and patients prefer to lie on their backs, so as to minimize contact with the affected area during nursing operation.
③ If abdominal pain is getting worse and the pain persists, the whole abdomen is hard and full, and it refuses to be pressed, accompanied by chills and high fever, or sudden pallor, cold sweat, blood pressure drop, cold limbs and slightly heartbroken pulse, it is a dangerous and serious disease. The doctor should be informed immediately to deal with it in time, and painkillers should not be abused.
④ At this time, patients often feel fear and sadness, and need patient comfort to eliminate tension.
⑤ Blood heat is easy to disperse, and TCM diet should be warm.
⑥ The diet is mainly digestible warm food, and hawthorn and fermented grains have the functions of promoting qi and blood circulation, which can be used for diet therapy.
(4) food stagnation syndrome:
① Diet should be strictly controlled. People with severe abdominal pain can temporarily fast. After the pain is relieved, they should be given a light liquid diet or a semi-liquid diet first, and gradually return to a normal diet.
(2) If the epigastric pain occurs shortly after eating, you can try to explore the vomiting method to make the patient vomit the food accumulated in the stomach or use laxatives to relieve the symptoms.
③ For patients with severe vomiting, acupuncture at Neiguan and Hegu can be used. When eating sour, containing ginger slices or pickles in your mouth may relieve symptoms.
(4) do a good job in oral care and rinse your mouth with light salt water soup.
⑤ Encourage patients to eat more foods such as radish, kumquat, orange, apple, hawthorn, etc.
⑥ Chiropractic therapy can be used to promote gastrointestinal function and relieve abdominal pain.
4. Health guidance
(1) Develop a regular life, pay attention to proper cold and temperature, avoid the invasion of external evils, and pay special attention to keeping the abdomen warm.
(2) Adjust emotions, be good at dealing with unpleasant problems in life, don't let emotions get too intense, and avoid all bad stimuli.
(3) Pay attention to food hygiene, prevent hunger, and don't eat unclean things. Abdominal pain should not catch cold at the beginning of recovery. Diet should be controlled, regular and quantitative, and no strenuous activities after meals.