First, site selection and planting
Sandy loam with good drainage, fertile soil and loose soil should be selected for farming. Too wet and sticky soil is prone to pests and diseases, and terraced fields can be used for farming in mountainous areas. It can be planted all year round. Spring and autumn are suitable, and transplanting from vernal equinox to Qingming is the best.
According to the row spacing of 50-60 cm× 30-40 cm, the prepared ramets, sprouts or seed propagation seedlings are removed from the nursery. Apply sufficient base fertilizer every 667m? Apply 2500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and leaf and vegetable compound fertilizer 100kg.
Second, fertilizer and water management.
After planting, don't water continuously until new roots grow. Generally, water is given for about 5 days when the temperature is high in summer and for about 7 days when the room temperature is low in winter. Water thoroughly every time. Water in the morning and evening in summer and around noon in winter.
Aloe can be topdressing, but proper topdressing can promote aloe growth and increase leaf thickness. Generally every 667m? Apply 25-30 kg compound fertilizer, topdressing before leaf picking 1 times human excrement and urine, according to 667m? Apply 1000- 1500 kg, and use after adding water. When applying mineral fertilizer 1 time after leaf picking, the coordination and balance of each element should be considered, and acid fertilizer should be avoided, or it should be neutralized with lime before application.
Third, intertillage weeding
After aloe survives, appropriate shallow tillage and intermediate tillage should be carried out according to the hardness of the field soil to loosen the clods around the plants and meet the aerobic requirements of the roots. At the same time, weeds should be removed while loosening the soil, and herbicides should not be used. Weeding is the main method to avoid damaging fibrous roots before seedlings grow. Weeding and loosening soil are generally carried out 2-3 times a year, and the depth of intertillage should be gradually deepened with the growth of plants.
Fourth, pest control.
1, pest
Because aloe has cuticles on both the upper and lower epidermis, insect pests rarely occur. Such as aphids, red spiders, scale insects, cotton bollworms and so on. It can be washed with clean water or sprayed with 0.5% veratrine pure solution and other plant pesticides for 800 ~ 1 000 times, and the effect is very good.
Scale larvae often attach to the back of aloe leaves, and sometimes there are positive leaves. Scale insects mainly occur on soap aloe, and they can be controlled by spraying 80% dichlorvos EC 1000 times or 40% dimethoate EC 1500 times once every 7 days for several times in succession (scale insects can be controlled by drug brushing).
Red spiders, which are prone to drought, often gather on the back of leaves to suck juice, and occur in large numbers from May to July. Spraying 40% dimethoate with 2000-2500 times solution, spraying 1 time every 3-4 days and spraying several times continuously can kill it.
2. Illness
Black spot disease is the main disease, especially in plots with excessive planting density, wet soil and overgrown weeds, and leaf diseases are more serious.
To control the disease, we should first choose resistant varieties, among which aloe mosaic is the most resistant to black spot. There is also root rot, which often leads to root rot because of too much soil moisture. You can dig out the diseased plants, cut off the rotten parts and plant them when the incision is dry.
When the room temperature drops, take measures to increase the temperature. When the temperature is low in winter, reduce watering, pay attention to ventilation and increase lighting time as much as possible. When planting, applying sufficient base fertilizer and spraying 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0. 1% zineb or 0. 1% sodium tetraborate on the leaves can enhance the disease resistance of plants.
At the initial stage of the disease, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800 times, 70% zineb wettable powder 800 times or "Nongliling" and other fungicides can be sprayed.
Five, sun protection and antifreeze
Aloe vera is afraid of sun exposure, so it should be planted under fruit trees or interplanted with tall crops. If you can use an umbrella to cover it, the effect is also very good. In winter, the temperature is below 5 degrees, so it is necessary to cover it in advance. It is best to build a shed with a double cover before the freezing injury comes. When the outdoor temperature is below -5℃, the shed can be heated if conditions permit. If it can't be heated, it should be vented at noon when the temperature is high.
Extended data
Potting technique of aloe
1, homemade basin soil
Potted soil should have good water retention, fertilizer retention and air permeability, and the pH value should be 6.8-7.0. River sand, sandy loam soil, humus soil, pastoral soil and peat soil are all suitable, and appropriate sawdust is added. Humic soil: pastoral soil: river sand ratio is 2: 2: 1.
2, basin soil disinfection
Spray 500mL /m with 40% formalin? The liquid medicine is sealed with plastic film, piled for 2 days, and then aired for 3 days, and then it can be used in the basin.
3. On the washbasin
Different types of flowerpots can be selected according to the situation, such as pottery pots, purple sand pots, porcelain pots and plastic pots. Potting should be carried out in spring and summer, and the indoor temperature is 15-28℃. At this time, the rooting is fast and the greening time is short.
Choose strong seedlings in the upper basin. First put some broken tiles at the bottom of the pot to facilitate drainage and ventilation, then fill in the prepared pot soil, put aloe into the pot and stretch the roots. After filling the soil, gently lift the seedlings upward, slightly compact and straighten them, so that the roots are in close contact with the substrate. Cover the place 2 cm away from the spout with soil and pour water.
3. Slow seedling management
Before turning green, it is not advisable to water more, let alone fertilize. If the soil in the basin is too wet, it is prone to root rot. For the aloe seedlings that have just been put into the pot, do not let the sun shine directly to avoid excessive consumption of water and nutrients. You can often spray water on the leaves in the slow seedling stage, which is helpful to accelerate the greening and rooting of aloe.
Step 4 change the pot
1-2 years later, when the root system of aloe grows full of pots, it is necessary to change pots, which should be carried out in spring. After separating the old pot soil from the pot, put the aloe together with the soil into a larger new pot, add new soil around the pot, compact and water it, maintain it in a semi-shady place, and move it to the sun after the seedlings are completely retarded.
References:
China Forestry Net China Aloe Net-Aloe High-yield Cultivation Techniques