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The Legend of the Origin of Dragon Boat Race
Dragon boat race is one of the customs of China Dragon Boat Festival, and it is also one of the most important festivals and folk activities. It widely exists in the south of China, and there are also dragon boat races in cities near rivers, lakes and seas in the north, and most of them are held in the form of dragon boat rowing and dragon boat dancing.
There are many sayings about the origin of dragon boat racing, such as offering sacrifices to Cao E, Qu Yuan, water god or dragon god, which can be traced back to the Warring States period. Dragon boat race was first introduced to Japan, Vietnam, Britain and other neighboring countries, and it was the official event of Guangzhou Asian Games in 20 10. 20 1 1 On May 23rd, the dragon boat race was approved to be included in the third batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
Dragon boat race is the main custom of Dragon Boat Festival. According to legend, people who originated in the ancient State of Chu were reluctant to part with the death of the sage Qu Yuan, and many people rowed boats to save people. They rushed to catch up with each other and disappeared at Dongting Lake. After that, I will row a dragon boat on May 5th every year to commemorate it. Rowing a dragon boat to disperse the fish in the river so as not to eat Qu Yuan's body. The habit of competition prevailed in wuyue and Chu.
There are also memorial halls for Wu Zixu and Cao E. It is said that Wu Zixu was slandered by Fu Cha, the king of Wu, and ordered to throw him into the waves of Qiantang River and sail to save him. "Meet Wu Jun on May 5th, swim against the waves and be submerged by water" (Cao Ebei). Later generations rowed dragon boats to rescue soldiers.
People in different areas have also given different meanings to dragon boat racing. Different nationalities and regions have different legends and times of dragon boat racing, but most areas near rivers, lakes and oceans hold their own dragon boat races every year.
The implication of dragon boat race on Dragon Boat Festival
Sacrifice to Qu Yuan is closely related to dragon boat race in Hunan and Hubei areas. Perhaps after the deaths of Qu Yuan, Cao E and Wu Zixu, local people also used soul boats to send their souls for burial, so there is this custom. But besides commemorating Qu Yuan, the dragon boat race has been given different meanings in various places.
Before the dragon boat race, various sacrificial ceremonies and commemorative ceremonies will be held. Generally speaking, incense sticks are lit and paper money is burned, offering sacrifices for chicken, rice, meat, fruit, zongzi and so on. Nowadays, these superstitious ceremonies are rare, but in the past, when people went to the Dragon Palace to offer sacrifices, the atmosphere was very serious, praying for a bumper harvest in agriculture, good weather, evil spirits and all the best, and wishing boating safety. In people's words, "to be auspicious" expresses people's inner good wishes.
1, in memory of Qu Yuan
Legend has it that after Qu Yuan's death, the people of Chu were so sad that they flocked to the Miluo River to pay homage to Qu Yuan. The fisherman paddled the boat and fished for his real body back and forth on the river. They rushed to catch up with each other and disappeared at Dongting Lake. After that, I will row a dragon boat on May 5th every year to commemorate it. Rowing a dragon boat to disperse the fish in the river so as not to eat Qu Yuan's body.
In Miluo City, Hunan Province, before the dragon boat race, you must go to Quzi Temple to worship the Weng God in the temple, wrap red cloth around the dragon head, and then race the boat, which is not only to worship the dragon god, but also to commemorate Qu Yuan. In Zigui, Hubei, Qu Yuan's hometown, there is also a ceremony to worship Qu Yuan. The custom of offering sacrifices to Qu Yuan is recorded in "Geography of Sui Shu": "The song is loud and clear, shaking the land and water, and the audience is like a cloud." Interpretation of Du Jingqu in Yuxi, Liu Tang: "Du Jing began in Wuling, and now it is in harmony with it, with a salty voice:' Where is it', which means four valleys."
2. In memory of Wu Zixu
The competition in Shandong and Wudi (Jiangsu) is to commemorate Wu Zixu, so Suzhou has an old habit of offering sacrifices to Wu Zixu on the Dragon Boat Festival and holding competitions on the water to commemorate it. There is also a memorial ceremony in Guangxi, and there is also a memorial ceremony in Fuzhou.
3. In memory of Cao E
Zhejiang Province commemorates Cao E with dragon boat race. According to "History of Women in the Later Han Dynasty", Cao E threw herself into the river. According to folklore, she went into the river to find her father's body. There are many sacrifices in Zhejiang. Dianshizhai Pictorial Sacrifice to Cao E depicts the scene of people sacrificing Cao E in Huiji area. There is also the significance of commemorating Qiu Jin, a native modern female democratic revolutionary.
Top Ten Dragon Boat Festival Attractions in China
Hunan Miluo
Miluo City, Hunan Province is "a famous dragon boat city in China". The Dragon Boat Festival customs along the Miluo River have a set of rich, unique and mysterious customs, which are distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Miluo River Basin in Miluo City. The Dragon Boat Festival along the Miluo River generally begins on the first day of the fifth lunar month and ends on the fifteenth. The whole festival has a long history, broad masses, rich diversity, rich culture, high enthusiasm for participation and far-reaching influence. During the competition, the contestants lit incense sticks and carried the dragon boat head to Quzi Temple for sacrifice. After that, the dragon boat was thrown into the water in red. In the sound of a cannon, many ships competed for the race, and thousands of spectators on the shore waved flags and cheered for the race. The spectacular boat race is exciting.
Yuanling, Hunan
Long before Qu Yuan, there were dragon boats in Yuanling. Yuanling Dragon Boat originated in ancient times, and the object of sacrifice was Pan Hu, the ancestor of the five rivers. Pan Hu once settled in Banxi Cave in Yuanling, and gave birth to six children and six daughters. The children married and multiplied into six ethnic groups: Miao, Yao, Dong, Tu, She and Li. After Pan Hu's death, six tribes feasted on the wizard and invited God to bring him back to life. Because of the dense mountains and rivers in Yuanling, the wizard didn't know where his soul had fallen, so he asked all ethnic groups to build dragon boats and look for shouts by stream and river, which eventually evolved into a witch worship activity of rowing and evoking souls. In the song of Shen, which has been circulated for thousands of years, the Miao people in Yuanling sang: "People race dragon boats to sacrifice Qu Yuan, and I row dragon boats to sacrifice Pan Hu."
Dongguan, Guangdong
Dongguan Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional cultural activity with the widest influence and the largest number of participants in Dongguan. People in Dongguan race dragon boats for a month instead of a day or two, so it's called Dragon Boat Month. The main activity of the Dragon Boat Festival is the dragon boat race. From the first day of the fifth lunar month every year, a one-month dragon boat race is held in Dongguan, and the towns (streets) along the Dongjiang River in Dongguan set the date of the dragon boat landscape in their village according to the local tidal conditions. The goal is race, which is competition; Without a goal, it's called taking advantage. "Dongguan County Records" records: "On the first day of May, drinking calamus realgar wine is an ominous sign. Eat corn and race dragon boats. By the fifth day, the participants will benefit the public. Recommend something to the family shrine. From the new moon to the hope, the race is the most prosperous, and the dragon boat is more than ten feet long. In the pavilion, colorful boats gather, head and tail are in phase, riding the tide. As the sun sets, the orchestral strings are not resting, and the ancient town is magnificent. "
Guizhou Tongren
Tongren city (Bijiang District) has a long history and has become a representative national cultural symbol. In 2009, tongren city (now Bijiang District) was awarded the "Hometown of Traditional Dragon Boat in China", and in 20 1 1 year, Tongren Dragon Boat Race was included in the third batch of national intangible cultural heritage as a traditional sport. The Dragon Boat Base is located in Daming Border Town Scenic Area, with picturesque scenery. It not only shows the landscape charm of Jinjiang Scenic Area, but also serves as a carrier to show the local dragon boat culture, and inherits the dragon boat culture with theme activities such as "Dragon Boat Festival Experience and Dragon Boat Festival Health Culture" to attract tourists and create new tourism experience projects. Visitors can experience the fun of the Dragon Boat Festival here at any time, and take part in the Dragon Boat Festival activities with strong local characteristics, such as making zongzi, weaving colored ropes, Dragon Boat Festival, dragon boat rowing, Dragon Boat Festival water splashing and so on.
Xiangyang in Hubei province
Xiangyang is the intersection of north and south cultures, with thousands of miles of Han River passing through the city, and the Dragon Boat Festival has a long history. According to folklore experts, the dragon boat race in Xiangyang began in the Western Han Dynasty two thousand years ago. From the Ming Dynasty to the 1950s, the shipping on the Han River was developed, and there were many docks on both sides, and the Dragon Boat Festival reached its peak. From 20 10, the dragon boat race in Xiangyang changed from a folk activity to a government activity. Every year during the Dragon Boat Festival, there are crowds on both sides of the river, and the scene is extremely spectacular.
Fuzhou, Fujian
Fujian coastal waters, rivers and dragon boat races have existed since ancient times. At the latest in the Song Dynasty, "folk rematch" has become an ethos in Fujian Province. Dragon Boat Race is a typical folk sports event in Fujian. Fuzhou has a long and rich dragon boat culture. 20 13, 20 15, 20 16, 20 17 China Dragon Boat Race was successfully held in Fuzhou. If you think the day is over, it's all wet. For 600 years, around the Dragon Boat Festival, Sanxi Village in Fuzhou has continued the custom of rowing dragon boats at night. It is the only night dragon boat race in Fuzhou. Has been on CCTV news channel, only 1 hour drive from Fuzhou city.
Xupu, Hunan
Since the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ma Yuan Pingwuling, Xupu has formed the custom of taking the fifth day as the small Dragon Boat Festival and the fifteenth day as the big Dragon Boat Festival. The dragon boat was launched on the 5th, landed on the 15th, practiced hard on weekdays, and competed on the 14th and 15th for eleven days. Every year in the late April of the lunar calendar, Xupu people begin to prepare for the Xupu Double Dragon Boat Festival. Xupu called the dragon boat "Dragon Boat". The dragon boat in Xupu will be rowed from May 5th to May15th. Since Xupu Dragon Boat was launched on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, it is usually trained alone in the river, and sometimes it will compete one-on-one with a single dragon boat. The official competition will be held on May 15. Therefore, we should readjust our strength by "clearing the radius". Anyone who gets on the dragon boat can't neglect at any time. The dragon boat in Dajiangkou Town of Xupu has followed the traditional folk customs for thousands of years, and still retains magnificent, exquisite and profound cultural heritage.
Qiandongnan prefecture of Guizhou province
Guizhou Miao Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional folk activity of Miao people in Shibingtaijiang River Basin of Qingshui River in southeastern China. After the Dragon Boat Festival, local Miao people will row a single dragon boat on this day. Besides dragon boat races, there are other activities such as dancing and encouraging, singing folk songs and so on. Miao language calls the dragon "urn" and the dragon boat "Lou urn". Miao people in Guizhou have unique dragon boat shapes and competition rules. Compared with other regions, the Miao people's dragon boat race is not held during the Dragon Boat Festival, but after it, and the dragon boat race is simple, huge and unique in style. The hull is hollowed out with three tall Chinese fir trees, with a piece of wood in the middle as the mother ship. The mother ship and the child ship are tied side by side in a row with bamboo sticks, and the colorful faucets are carefully carved, which is known as a wonderful flower of national sports.
Wuhan Hanjiang River
The dragon boat race on the Han River is designed in memory of Qu Yuan. According to legend, during Qu Yuan's exile, he wandered around the banks of the Hanshui River, "looking back at the autumn and winter winds with the help of Zhu in Hubei" ("Shejiang"). Therefore, there has been a long-standing folk custom that "the dragon boat disturbed the river city in the afternoon, and Chu Customs said that Qu Yuan's son would be hanged". Its wonderful and jubilant scene can be confirmed from the poem "Jiangnan Dream" by Fan Ge, a famous poet in Qing Dynasty: "The river is vast and empty, and the boat race is heavy in Hunan. A piece of colorful flags floated across the waves, and the drums dragged the wind to see the gold medal. "
Sanzao town of Zhuhai
Sanzao Hailong Boat Race has a history of 100 years, and entered the tenth batch of municipal intangible cultural heritage list in Zhuhai on June 20 18. Different from the well-known dragon boat race, the three-stove dragon boat race is not held on the calm rivers and lakes, but on the rough sea. The whole sea dragon boat race 12km. Among them, the total length of the track is 1 km, and the dragon boat needs to go back and forth six times. Different from the general dragon boat, the dragon boat helmsman leads the team by beating gongs instead of drums. The traditional three-stove sea dragon boat race has the characteristics of offering sacrifices to the sea, ringing gongs and circling the field. Before the competition, the villagers have to row dragon boats from their villages to the competition area several times, and then go back to the village to pick a seedling from the rice field and put it on the dragon boat. This is a blessing.
Articles on the origin and legend of dragon boat racing;
★ The Legend of Dragon Boat Race
★ The origin of dragon boat race in Dragon Boat Festival
★ The origin and implication of Dragon Boat Festival.
★ The origin of the custom of dragon boat race on the Dragon Boat Festival
★ What is the origin of Dragon Boat Festival?
★ What is the origin of dragon boat racing?
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