In summer, due to the acceleration of human metabolism, the blood supply to the heart and brain is relatively reduced, which will aggravate the ischemia-hypoxia reaction. In summer, the temperature is high and you sweat a lot. With sweat losing a lot of water, there are electrolyte components such as sodium and potassium, which makes the osmotic pressure balance in the body disorder.
When the temperature is high in summer, human blood vessels will expand, the blood flow of blood vessels will increase, and the burden on the heart will increase. When entering the air-conditioned room, the temperature will be too cold, causing the blood vessels to contract accordingly. The strong contraction of blood vessels will break the plaque formed in the coronary artery, cause thrombosis, block blood vessels, and induce angina pectoris or myocardial infarction.
Therefore, summer is hot and the heat is unbearable. How should patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases spend the summer safely?
Matters needing attention in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in summer
1
The temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is large, so try to reduce going out.
It is difficult for patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases to adapt to the drastic temperature change when they go out from home, because the drastic change of temperature difference will cause the continuous contraction and relaxation of human blood vessels, lead to the change of blood pressure, cause blood circulation disorder, and induce myocardial infarction or stroke. Therefore, the elderly with a history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should pay attention to appropriately reducing outdoor activities, resting indoors and taking a nap for one hour to supplement the lack of sleep at night.
In summer, the elderly should rest mainly and avoid excessive exercise. Many old people are used to getting up early and doing morning exercises, but the survey shows that the probability of suffering from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is 70%-80% at 6~ 10 in the morning, so we should try to avoid exercising at this time.
2
Avoid emotional anxiety and stay calm.
When the sun is scorching and the heat is pressing, people are prone to anxiety, leading to emotional instability, excitement, loss of control, excessive excitement, tension, great sorrow and great anger, and the central nervous system of people will produce stress reactions, leading to abnormal contraction of arteries and blood vessels. Thereby causing blood pressure to rise, myocardial contraction to strengthen, making patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases ischemic and hypoxic, thus inducing angina pectoris or myocardial infarction.
Maintaining a good attitude and adjusting mood at any time is an important part of health preservation in summer and also plays an important role in preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should pay special attention to stabilizing their emotions in summer, avoiding great sadness and anger, and maintaining a happy mood and peace of mind.
three
Eat lightly and ensure adequate sleep.
Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should be light and easy to digest in summer and eat more fruits and vegetables. It is not advisable to eat more sweets and spicy food.
In summer, people's digestive function is weakened and their appetite is reduced. At this time, people prefer food with heavy taste, and foods with high salt and fat come to everyone, which is very bad for cardiovascular patients. This food is too salty and greasy. At the same time, patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should pay attention to drinking more water, heatstroke prevention and cooling, and drink less caffeinated drinks.
Many chronic diseases are related to obesity. Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should control their weight and adjust their diet structure, and should not overeat. Overeating may oppress the heart, increase its burden, lead to cardiovascular spasm, and even lead to angina pectoris and myocardial infarction in severe cases. At the same time, patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should rest in summer, live regularly and ensure adequate sleep.
four
Prevent heatstroke and cool down, and spend the summer safely
Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should wear sun hats outdoors and prepare enough water. When the weather is sultry, air conditioning can be turned on indoors, but the temperature should not be too low, and it is appropriate to be around 28℃. Especially after outdoor activities or labor, human blood vessels dilate. If you enter the air-conditioned room immediately at this time and blow directly at the cold air of the air conditioner for a long time, the blood vessels may contract rapidly, leading to accidents of cardiovascular patients and unnecessary dangers.
Therefore, it is suggested that patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases take a rest after outdoor activities, and do not rashly enter the air-conditioned room, which may cause danger.
five
Take the medicine according to the doctor's advice and don't stop taking it without authorization.
In summer, after many patients with hypertension enter the summer, their blood pressure will be lower than other seasons, and some patients will stop taking drugs on their own. This is very dangerous. In fact, the dog days in summer are the second highest incidence of cardiovascular diseases in a year. In summer, patients can adjust their medication under the guidance of a doctor, but they must never stop taking it.
six
Avoid alcohol and tobacco, and keep the stool unobstructed.
Smoking and drinking are important risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and the incidence of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases who are addicted to tobacco and alcohol is generally much higher than that of patients who do not smoke or drink. So quit smoking and limit alcohol.
In addition, patients with constipation may have a sharp increase in myocardial oxygen consumption due to excessive defecation, which is easy to induce angina pectoris. Therefore, patients with cardiovascular diseases should avoid alcohol and tobacco and eat more crude fiber vegetables to help defecate.
In a word, summer is the high incidence period of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and patients can't take it lightly. If the patient has angina pectoris or acute myocardial infarction at home, he should be given nitroglycerin or indomethacin immediately, chew aspirin, put the patient in a flat place, keep the air circulating, take oxygen immediately if possible, and send him to the hospital immediately after first aid.
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