While China advocated the development concept of "green, ecological, energy-saving and environmental protection", the design community also set off a wave of ecological design. And architectural design tends to be more natural. "Nature" is most obvious in rural areas. At the same time, with the economic development of China, some rural areas blindly imitate urban construction, tear down the original buildings, and even destroy the original rural scenery. Therefore, in the process of urban-rural integration and beautiful countryside construction, the application of natural elements in urban architecture is particularly important, which is also the development trend of future architecture. Japan in Asia and Taiwan Province Province in China are both Asian plots, which can be used for reference for naturalized buildings in China, and organic architecture in Europe is also a good example. The naturalized architecture of Huashu is mainly reflected in the materials, colors and forms of the building itself. Local materials were used to build the building. At the same time, on the basis of natural building materials, plants are dotted, so that naturalized buildings have both inherent naturalness and naturalness of the surrounding environment.
First, domestic and foreign research for reference
In the architectural design of Tiansenliu in Japan, the concept of "naturalization" is particularly prominent, and architects apply natural materials to architectural design well. According to architect Teng Liu Sen, compared with modern materials such as steel, cement and glass, natural materials have a sense of temperature and intimacy, which can make buildings "speak" and convey architects' thoughts. In rural landscape architecture, the most common are natural stone steps, building skins and clay bricks for rural housing. In addition, architect Teng Senliu often uses the design method of building greening. This natural design method relies on the power of plants, such as Parthenocissus tricuspidata and Ivy, which are all good plants for decorating walls. For example, the architectural work of Japanese architect Fujimori-Shenchang Shouya History Museum.
This building has the style of "handmade". Externally, the building surface of steel bar and glass is covered with plants, and the most common local natural materials are selected as building materials, which reflects the integration with nature. In a word, in the design of rural naturalized buildings in China, we should use the most natural materials to the maximum extent and keep its original style [1]. "On-site" comes from the translation of English In-site, which originally meant on-site manufacturing. The concept of "land" in the architectural design of Taiwan Province Province, China, emphasizes the relationship between the building itself and its location, as well as its cultural, terroir and other regional characteristics. Local architectural design is a kind of resistance to modern design and a rethinking of architecture and regional understanding. In the "localized" architectural design of Taiwan Province Province, China, the remaining idle houses are a good example.
The facade of the building consists of irregular stones and stones. The front of the building is a platform built with wooden boards, surrounded by green plants such as palm trees. The house is ventilated on all sides, which can better exchange with the air in nature and integrate with heaven and earth. Zhuangzi said that "there is great beauty in heaven and earth without saying anything". He believes that beauty exists in nature, and architectural design can only show respect for nature if it is integrated with nature, thus forming a closer relationship with nature [2]. In addition, it is also a better way to let local natural elements participate in the design of the building itself and the arrangement of plants around the building. In the 1930s, Alva? Aalto's architectural works include relying on regional characteristics, a belief in classical spirit, and people's experience and feelings about architecture. His design concept of organic architecture coincides with that of naturalized architecture. In his architectural works, he saw a mutual restriction between the building itself and the surrounding environment, which made the architectural design more integrated with the surrounding environment. This will inevitably make the construction of the building use local natural materials, reflecting the "naturalization" and "locality" of the building to a greater extent.
For example, Kiruna, Sweden, as an iron ore production base, Aalto has made full use of local landscape elements in architecture and site design. Tarier West, one of the representative works designed by American modernist design master Wright in organic architecture, is a unique building complex located in the desert. Because Wright advocates the organic combination of architecture and nature, in this work, the main body of the building is made of local cement and stone, and the top of the building is made of wood and canvas, which is connected with the air in the desert. In color, wood is similar to desert, and canvas is white, which makes the building more integrated into the local environment. In the architectural design concept of Nanjing Huashu, we can see the shadow of natural architectural design and "local" design. The pursuit of "local" is that designers combine their own designs with local spiritual culture and geographical environment, so that local residents' sense of identity and belonging to the local area will also be improved.
Second, the overall design concept of Nanjing Huashu naturalized building
Huashu Village is located in Qixia District, Nanjing, near Tangshan Hot Spring. It is not only unique in scenery, but also has certain historical and cultural connotations. With the development of the times, people's living standards have also undergone earth-shaking changes, and the new rural construction and rural economic transformation under the policy have also brought amazing changes to China. According to the original infrastructure and modern landscape design concept of Huashu, Huashu will be made into the most beautiful village in Nanjing. According to its own geographical conditions and environment, it has created the overall community concept of "five-light gathering society" for Huashu Village, and its own connotation is also very cultural. The pattern design of flower trees combines the overall planning concept of "five lights to pick up houses", with the water and mountains in Zhouchong Village as the main features, highlighting the geographical advantages and the concept of water treatment system. In the architectural transformation, the original features have been fully retained, and new design concepts have been added, so that the overall atmosphere is blended with the old and the new, and inheritance and innovation are integrated. In the design, the factory near Zhou Chong was used for renovation, and the houses in the village were decorated with blue bricks and green tiles on the original basis. The whole style is Jiangnan.
Except natural scenery, any landscape can not be separated from landscape design, and good design can add luster to it. The transformation of Nanjing Huashu is mainly landscape design, including plant configuration design, rational planning of garden road and landscape sketch design, and the transformation of water system and houses. The transformation of traditional villages does not mean change, but only incorporates new design elements on the original basis to make the original scenery more attractive. The scenery of a place can be easily changed, but the culture and spirit handed down are not easily erased. A good landscape design scheme is that the landscape can better reflect its cultural background and local feelings while changing, and Nanjing Huashu well embodies this design concept.
Third, the natural elements of flower trees.
(A) the optimization of building materials
Nowadays, the cost of building houses has soared, and environmental cost is the biggest reason. When we consider the renovation design of a scenic spot, in addition to the finished product effect and cost control, environmental factors are also one of the important considerations, so the application of natural materials in architecture is also one of the future design trends. Bamboo, wood, rammed earth, gravel, etc. They are all used in the reconstruction of Huashu, and many demolished old things are also used in buildings. These simple and seemingly nonexistent building materials only need little processing in practical application, and at the same time, they also reduce the pollution to the environment. (See Figure 3) The application of these original materials in architectural forms can better show people the cultural and spiritual connotations conveyed by local buildings. The design of Huashu whole community is very particular, not just stacking and decoration, but using natural materials as building materials, taking local materials and adapting to local conditions.
New use of old things is the ingenuity of design. All the houses in the village have been renovated. White putty walls and tiles with high ridges and high eaves are made of traditional Dai tiles. Most of the stone slabs and gravel on the garden road in the village were re-polished from the demolished old houses and used. The quaint features of old things are vividly displayed, which also adds a bit of cultural charm to the whole village. (See Figure 4) The rest pavilion in the village is made of wood, and its shape is also a new style combining ancient style with modern style, which adds innovative elements to the traditional charm of the whole village and is more flexible.
(B) the control of building color
The beautification of rural landscape needs to control the color of rural landscape buildings as a whole, such as fa? ades, signboards, bus stops, flower ponds and so on. These landscape buildings form a harmonious and unified external interface, which makes rural buildings better integrated with the surrounding environment. "White wall with grey tile and horse head wall, patio wing with purlin" is an ancient poem describing Huizhou architecture. At the same time, it says that the colors of Huizhou architecture are black, white and gray. The overall architectural style of Huashu is biased towards Huizhou architecture. Therefore, the color matching of Huashu architecture also tends to Huizhou architecture. Careful planting and collocation of plants, wooden pavilions and other structures, and bluestone floor on the ground add a lot of color to the black, white and gray style of Huashulou. The whole building of Huashu is dominated by black roofs and white walls, forming an overall unified and coordinated environment.
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