Song Dynasty was the only dynasty in ancient China that didn't implement the policy of "restraining business" for a long time. Since the Song Dynasty, it has been managing pits and organizing the development of tea salt. As a result, a large number of farmers liberated from the land invested in commercial handicrafts, and the private economy was stimulated and developed by leaps and bounds. Created unprecedented wealth and prosperity. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, Song Taizu Zhao Boxin called on people to "accumulate more money, live in a city house to bequeath their children and grandchildren, and sing and dance until the end of their lives". Song Taizong also wrote a letter "Let the two systems know how to discuss politics and prosperity", so that officials can learn how to manage money and seek wealth. Song Shenzong, on the other hand, believed in "managing money first" and promulgated the imperial edict of "managing money first". These policy orientations led to the vigorous development of the commercial tide, the rapid development of commerce and the rapid development of banking, which prompted the earliest paper money and banks in the world history to appear for the first time in the Song Dynasty. Banks can make loans and pay in different places. During the Northern Song Dynasty, a large number of mineral deposits such as gold, silver, copper, iron and coal were mined, and the earliest manufacturing plants and processing plants in the world history also appeared all over the country. Such as shipyards, firearms factories, paper mills, printing plants, weaving factories, official kilns and so on. The workers in this factory are paid on time. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were seven or eight thousand craftsmen in the Military Equipment Institute. There are more than 1200 apprentices in the branch of the association. Jin Ling College has more than 400 weavers. In addition to public factories, some private factories have also appeared and flourished in large numbers. Due to the unprecedented economic prosperity, the number of coins minted in Song Dynasty was very large, such as 5.06 million coins minted in Song Shenzong. At the peak of the Tang Dynasty, Kaiyuan minted 320,000 coins.

In Song Dynasty, the traditional practice of heavy punishment and light people was adjusted, and both justice and benefit were paid equal attention, and economic legislation was attached great importance. Laws and regulations cover all aspects of social and economic activities, and specially set up monopoly laws, such as salt law, wine law, tea law and so on. The Song Dynasty became the most active period of economic legislation in ancient China, with frequent legislative activities. The content of laws and regulations involved all aspects of social and economic activities, and the formulation and implementation of laws and regulations had unprecedented imagination. Song's economic laws and regulations pay attention to the distribution of interests between the state and economic activists, which accords with the law of commodity economy. The huge financial revenue in Song Dynasty was the result of the rapid development of national economy, the extremely prosperous industry and commerce and the improvement of productivity. Abundant social and financial resources enable the government to ensure government revenue without imposing excessive taxes on the people. This eased social contradictions and entered a virtuous circle of governing the country. In Song Dynasty, the economy, especially the secondary and tertiary industries developed greatly, and people's living standards reached an unprecedented height. In A.D. 1077, the total tax revenue of the Northern Song Dynasty was * * * 70.7 million yuan, including 21620,000 yuan for agricultural taxes, accounting for 30%, and 4911000,000 yuan for industrial and commercial taxes, accounting for 70%. It is no longer agriculture that constitutes the main body of national fiscal revenue, but industry and commerce. By the Song Dynasty, China's agricultural society was already moving towards the industrial and commercial society. There were also advertisements for copperplate printing in handicraft industry in Song Dynasty. It is more than 300 years earlier than the advertisements printed by western capitalism. Su Dongpo, a great scholar, once wrote an advertisement poem for an old woman who cooked oil, and her business improved greatly. Shen Kuo's theory of money circulation speed has reached the level of modern money theory. In addition, "tabloids" similar to modern newspapers appeared in the Song Dynasty. The earliest seeds of China capitalism in the world were born in the prosperous commercial tide of the Song Dynasty.

Zhao Kuangyin is proud of the warlord regime and is well aware of its harm to the people of the whole country. Song Taizu's right to quench his thirst by drinking poison drew lessons from the warlord regime in the Tang Dynasty [in essence, the country was torn apart]. Strengthening centralization and promoting the reunification of the motherland is a far-sighted strategy. Song Taizu and Zhao Kuangyin not only did not kill meritorious ministers, but also stipulated by law that the emperor could not whip ministers in court in the future. Don't abuse your officials. The liegeman shall not kill anything except rebellion. Song Taizu handed down the "oath card" of "Don't kill the scholar-officials and the letter-writers" and "If the descendants swear this, the sky will fall". Emperors of all previous dynasties strictly carried out this ancestral training. Even Song Gaozong Zhao Gou, who killed Yue Fei because of the war, only killed him three times. This is extremely rare in other dynasties. The rulers of the Song Dynasty attached great importance to learning lessons from China's past history. Sima Guang compiled the famous History as a Mirror. Marked by the establishment of political participation, the Song Dynasty implemented the collective leadership system of Zaifu, which is a more rational symbol of centralized operation. To a certain extent, the emperor must also listen to the opinions of the Zaifu collective. It should be said that the supreme ruler cannot handle state affairs or decide the fate or even life and death of ministers by his own emotions. The "civilization" of state governance is the trend of historical development. The Song Dynasty founded the country with benevolence and righteousness, and the political situation was clear. In Song Dynasty, there was no local power, nor did eunuchs, queens and consorts monopolize the governance of the country. There was no literary inquisition in the Song Dynasty, and officials would not lose their heads, copy the whole family and wipe out the nine clans just because they said something wrong or wrote wrong words. The system of speaking officials was specially established in Song Dynasty. Song Renzong stepped up his remonstrance with Taiwan Province and argued with the court. Governing the country by culture is a symbol of China's transition from a barbaric society to a modern civilization. The liberal political atmosphere makes officials dare to attack state affairs and express their political opinions. As a result, a large number of officials in the history of China, such as Kou Zhun, Fan Zhongyan, Bao Zheng, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi, emerged in the Song Dynasty. In the history of China, only in the Song Dynasty can there be a quarrel with Emperor Injong in the court like Bao Zheng, and Bao Zheng's saliva splashed on the face of Emperor Song Renzong. Even if Song Renzong was angry again, he didn't do anything to Bao Zheng. Bao Zheng still dares to speak and do, and he has been promoted. "Renzong's life is over, and the suspected prison is from the light." Song Renzong is very tolerant of difficult cases. It can be seen that the Emperor of Song Dynasty was enlightened and democratic. The whole society respects intellectuals, whose status is unprecedented. Throughout the Song Dynasty, talents were especially cherished and officials were given preferential treatment. Even if Lu Duoxun and Ding Wei tried to occupy the throne in the Song Dynasty, such a serious crime would only be banished. The so-called officialdom did not form in the Song Dynasty, and lower-level officials could sue higher-level officials. Even the prime minister of "one person below, ten thousand people above" is not immune. Among them, Bao Zheng impeached his immediate superior and several officials higher than him. Bao Zheng's character can only be produced in the enlightened Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, it was common for people to sue officials. Anti-corruption regulations have been posted in front of government offices at all levels, and people can appeal and sue officials until they win the case.

Song Taizu recruited 300 people to Tianzhu to collect Buddhist scriptures and cultural relics. Song Taizong personally met with Brahmin monks and Muslims in ancient India. In the Song Dynasty, a large number of Christians, Jews and other Christians owned their own houses, churches and temples. Coupled with the prosperity of Confucianism and Taoism in the Song Dynasty. It can be seen that China in Song Dynasty was an open country with many religions. Only in the Song Dynasty did Christianity, Judaism and Islam compete with Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Long before Kyle Poirot arrived in China, a large number of European businessmen came to China to do business. Now in the west, it is found that as early as 127 1, an Italian businessman and scholar Jacob D 'Ancona arrived in Quanzhou, China, and wrote his biography. At that time, there were a large number of Venetians, Jews, Britons, Saracens, Franks, Ceylons, Indians, Little Javanese, Pisa people and some blacks living and doing business in Quanzhou, as well as people from Alexandria and Bruges. A large number of Europeans and Asians do business or settle in China. At that time, there were a large number of mixed-race children in Quanzhou. Among them, the Song Dynasty assimilated a large number of Jews. This is unprecedented in human history. It is only recorded that Kaifeng, the capital of the Song Dynasty, has a large Jewish family 17 households, who settled in China after accepting the chapter of "summer belongs to me, keeping ancestral customs and leaving the capital of the Song Dynasty". The assimilation of Jews showed the prosperity of the Song Dynasty in all aspects. It can be seen that the civilization and technology of China in Song Dynasty spread and influenced the West. People of all faiths lived in harmony in an enlightened, prosperous and powerful society in the Great Song Dynasty. Harmony without difference is the overall portrayal of the Song Dynasty.

The Song Dynasty became the second period of academic freedom in the history of China since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. For the first time in the Song Dynasty, there were signs of the confluence of craftsman tradition and philosophical tradition. Four famous academies in Song Dynasty (Yuelu Academy, Bailudong Academy, Ehu Academy and Songyang Academy) became holy places for Confucian disciples to learn culture. "Daolin 300, Academy 1000". Song Renzong Zhao Zhen likes to study and worship Confucian classics. For the first time, Zhao Zhen put The Analects of Confucius and The Doctrine of the Mean in Mencius University together for students to learn. Four Books and Five Classics are compulsory courses for imperial academy. The highest military institution is called the martial arts school, which is equivalent to a military university. Song also has specialized science and technology schools, such as arithmetic and medicine. In addition, there were a large number of learning places in the Song Dynasty, such as home schools, libraries, bookstores and so on. "Every lane must have one or two. I often hear the sound of chanting. " When you are older than you, you will occasionally get the first place in the make-up and give up the choice. "In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were 1700 students in the Imperial College, which used to be the official residence of Yue Fei. The Imperial College has dormitories and stadiums. College candidates come from all directions. The admission ratio is 3%-6%. Imperial academy implements the five-year three-shed system. Those who have just entered imperial academy are studying in the outer dormitory. One year later, those who passed the study entered the inner dormitory for two years. Those who pass the study will be promoted to the upper dormitory. Study in the upper house for two years, and those who pass the exam will graduate. The meals of college students are completely arranged by the government, and each student will spend about 3 thousand yuan a year. The Song government only gave the students of Taixue College food expenses, which cost more than 5 million yuan every year. Rejuvenating the country through science and education not only promotes the prosperity of science and technology, commerce, literature and art, but also promotes the pluralistic thinking of politics and the establishment of democratic and enlightened political revenge ideological factions.

The political stage of the Song Dynasty was not a backwater. There were democratic party struggles, reformists, conservatives, hawks, pacifists and so on in the Song Dynasty. Reformists and conservatives are not simply two factions. Not fixed. In A.D. 1042, Fan Zhongyan and Ouyang Xiu carried out the "Qingli New Deal". A.D. 1069 Wang Anshi's political reform. Sima Guang opposed the political reform, so did Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi. But there are different views on opposition and opposition. Su Shi opposed hasty reform when the reformists were in power, and abandoned all new laws when the conservatives were in power. Sima Guang and Wang Anshi respect each other, but they have different political views. Although the views and positions of the two factions are different, they are not for personal gain, but for national interests and people. Party struggle in Song Dynasty is a model of democratic politics.