First, the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements
Yin-yang and five elements are the basic framework for Chinese medicine to understand the world. Huangdi Neijing holds that the secret of Yin Pingyang is the premise of life. The ancients believed that qi, as the origin of all things in the world, had the nature of movement and metaplasia. The movement of Qi unfolds into Yin-Yang and Five Elements, and the whole world is a dynamic unified system with Qi as its internal essence and Yin-Yang and Five Elements as its external form. Everything is connected into a unified whole through yin and yang and five elements. Yin-yang theory belongs to the ancient philosophy of China, which was introduced into the medical field in Huangdi Neijing to explain the unity of opposites of human life activities and phenomena, and to guide the understanding, diagnosis and prevention of diseases and pathology. Harmony of Yin and Yang is the highest value pursuit of TCM. Pursuing the harmony of all things in the universe is the eternal value of the Chinese nation. The root cause of human illness is the imbalance of qi, blood, yin and yang, so Chinese medicine has many specific treatment principles, but all of them are aimed at regulating yin, yang, qi and blood. In health preservation, the ultimate goal is to harmonize yin and yang, meridians, qi and blood, and internal and external harmony.
Second, the theory of Tibetan image
Zangxiang theory is the core of medical theory in Huangdi Neijing. According to this idea, Huangdi Neijing has established a five-exterior, five-flavor, five-color, five-beast, five-tone and five-qi, which is centered on five internal organs, six fu organs, meridians, five bodies, five flowers, five orifices and five senses, forming a whole that is consistent in appearance and related inside and outside. Zang-fu syndrome differentiation based on Tibetan theory is the basic thinking mode of TCM in understanding diseases.
Third, the idea of harmony between man and nature.
Everything in the world melts at one breath. The ancients in China believed that Qi was the origin of the universe and life, and that people and everything in the world were transformed by Qi. There is a corresponding relationship between heaven and man, which stems from the unity of heaven and man. Qi is the intermediary of communication between heaven and earth. Qi is the foundation of life and death of people and everything, and it is the essence of life. In the universe picture of Qi's view of nature, the whole universe is a big life and a large-scale popular process driven by Qi. As far as people are concerned, life depends on qi, and protecting, nourishing and regulating qi are the fundamental requirements for health preservation and treatment. Based on the close relationship between man, nature and society, Huangdi Neijing constructs a medical model of "three talents" between heaven and earth, so that the medical theory in Huangdi Neijing can truly reflect the objective process of human life activities. This medical model attaches importance to the harmony between man and nature and society, and regards the harmony between man and living environment and the harmony between man and body as the basic standard of health, which runs through the theory and practice of preventing diseases and prolonging life. This is the contribution of Huangdi Neijing to world medicine. It is similar to the basic viewpoint of "social-psychological-biological" medical model put forward by the medical community in recent years, but its value lies in that it has been completely integrated into its own theory and implemented in medical activities as a basic clinical principle and method.
Fourth, the concept of unity of form and spirit.
Paying more attention to spirit than form is the basic feature that distinguishes traditional Chinese medicine from modern medicine. The ancients believed that everything in heaven and earth was produced by Qi, specifically, it was formed by the combination of Qi in the sky (Yang Qi) and the shape of the earth (Yin Qi). As far as people are concerned, it is the unity of form and god. God is the ultimate expression of the function of Qi, and God is also Qi in essence. Although people's life activities depend on form, after all, the essence is qi, which exists in life and dies after life. So the ancients paid more attention to life than form. The best physiological state should be both physical and mental. Under pathological conditions, qi is superior to form, which leads to life, and form is superior to qi, which leads to death. Therefore, unlike modern medicine, which attaches importance to the study of human physiological anatomical structure and the existence of tangible substances, Chinese medicine attaches importance to the study of the changing process of intangible life qi.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) has a unique outlook on life.
(1) view of human body. Under the influence of the ancient philosophy of "essence" and "Tao-qi", Huangdi Neijing regards man as a device of gathering and dispersing essence, and life phenomenon is the process and result of essence movement. This paper mainly studies the life process, its mechanism and law from the ways and means of overall functional activities and their interrelated "Tao", and puts forward the theory of "four seasons" life functional structure.
(2) The concept of disease. Huangdi Neijing established the disease theory under the guidance of the concept of "singularity and invariability" and combined with rich medical practice. About the concept of disease, all physical and mental activities such as eating, living and working. These are against normal physiology, which will cause imbalance between yin and yang and cause diseases. It does not take the change of shape, texture and volume as a single standard to measure disease and health, but emphasizes the disorder and disorder of overall function. Regarding the occurrence of diseases, Huangdi Neijing expounds its mechanism with the argument between evil and right, summarizes its pathogenic mode with the invasion of six evils, diet, strain and disorder of seven emotions, and examines its pathological significance from the result of the interaction between pathogenic factors and the body's disease resistance, that is, "examining the syndrome and seeking the cause". With regard to the mechanism of disease change, Huangdi Neijing pays attention to the macroscopic and dynamic analysis of the way, state and process of its overall dysfunction, and puts forward the theory of disease transmission and change based on diseases of viscera, meridians, qi and blood and body fluid, which has become the theoretical basis of clinical diagnosis and treatment.
(3) the concept of diagnosis and treatment. Huangdi Neijing puts forward the principle of diagnosis and treatment by examining the mechanism, which is the embryonic form of syndrome differentiation and treatment. Investigating its mechanism, that is, its pathogenesis, is to determine the nature of the disease through the collection, collation, analysis and synthesis of clinical symptoms. It is an essential summary of the overall dysfunction caused by the interaction between pathogenic factors and the body in the process of disease. It varies from time to time and from person to person. As a diagnostic process, later generations evolved into "syndrome differentiation", so "syndrome differentiation" became the key to diagnosis and treatment, which determined that the basic feature of TCM therapeutics was individualized treatment, emphasizing the treatment of patients on the basis of overall functional coordination. Advocate the application of various methods and emphasize comprehensive treatment; Pay more attention to people in the relationship between treating diseases and saving lives; Pay more attention to the whole and function in dealing with the relationship between the whole and the part, function and form; Pay more attention to the character and personality of the lesion. For the prevention of diseases, the idea of fitness and disease prevention centered on strengthening physique is put forward, which effectively guides the implementation of various self-fitness methods and is unique in the world health care medicine.