1. Confucius said: "Quality is better than literature, and literature is better than quality. Gentleness is a gentleman. " -"forever night"

Interpretation of Confucius said: "if a person's simplicity exceeds his literary talent, it is a bit rough;" If literary talent exceeds his simplicity, it will be a bit flashy. Only the perfect combination of literary talent and simplicity can be called a refined man. "

2. Confucius said, "A gentleman does not compare with others, and a villain does not compare with others." -"For Politics"

Interpretation of Confucius said: "Gentlemen unite people without collusion, while villains only collude with people without uniting people."

3. Confucius said: "People without faith don't know what they can do. If there is no cart, how can there be no cart? "

-"For Politics"

Interpretation of Confucius said: "a person does not speak credibility and does not know how he can stand in the world." This is like a big car and a small car. Without key parts, animals can't be covered. How can you walk by car? "

4. Confucius said: "People are born straight, but those who fail are lucky to be spared." -"forever night"

Interpretation of Confucius said: "people can live with a clear conscience in the world because they are positive;" The unworthy people can live in this world because they are lucky enough to escape harm. "

5. Confucius said: "Take Tao as the aim, rely on goodness, take benevolence as the basis, and swim in the operation." -"Shu Er"

Interpretation of Confucius said: "aim at Tao, rely on benevolence and righteousness, learn to play the six arts of ritual, music, archery, writing and arithmetic, and cultivate one's morality."

6. Confucius said, "If you are not alone, you must have neighbors." -"Li Ren"

Interpretation of Confucius said: "A moral person will not be lonely, and he must have like-minded people as his partners."

7. Confucius said: "The knower is not confused, the benevolent is not worried, and the brave is not afraid." -"Zi Han"

Interpretation of Confucius said: "The wise are not confused when they are in trouble, the benevolent are not sad, and the brave are fearless."

8. Confucius said: "The knower enjoys water, and the benevolent enjoys Leshan. Those who know move, those who are good are quiet. Those who know are happy, and those who are benevolent are longevity. "

-"forever night"

Interpretation of Confucius said: "Smart people like water, and benevolent people like mountains. Smart people are active, and benevolent people are quiet. Smart people live happily, and people with kindness tend to live longer. "

9. Confucius said: "See the sage Si Qi Yan, see the sage and look inward." -"Li Ren"

Interpretation of Confucius said: "When you see a saint, you want to see his person;" When you see a person who is not virtuous, you should reflect on whether there is such a problem. "

10. Confucius said, "A gentleman is righteous, but a villain is profitable." -"Li Ren"

Interpretation of Confucius said: "A gentleman knows righteousness, but a villain knows profit."

Zhuangzi's classic quote.

Great knowledge is idle, and small knowledge is intermittent; Big words are hot, small words are Zhan.

-"Zhuangzi's Theory of Homogeneous Things"

The smartest person will always show an open-minded attitude; Small and talented people always haggle over every ounce. The words that conform to the avenue are like a prairie fire, which is both beautiful and grand and convincing. Those clever remarks are all trivial nonsense.

If you are on earth, you might as well learn from it.

two

My life is limited, but so is my knowledge.

-"Zhuangzi Health Master"

Human life is limited, but knowledge is infinite.

Put your limited life into infinite learning.

three

And husband (1) water product is not thick, so the negative boat is powerless.

-"Zhuangzi Xiaoyao Tour"

If the water is neither deep nor thick, then it has no power to load the ship.

From the relationship between the ship and the water, we can at least get the following enlightenment: to ask questions in universities and to do great things, we must lay a solid and profound foundation.

four

There is no phase, and there is no phase.

-"Zhuangzi". Chess master

Make friends with each other if you don't make friends, and do something with each other if you don't do anything.

Make friends out of carelessness, help others out of inaction. This is "a close friend who never leaves."

five

Although your illness can't be cured, I wish you a better life.

-"Zhuangzi Xiaoyao Tour"

Although the chef does not make sacrifices, the emcee who presides over the sacrifices will not do it instead of the chef.

This means that although man has not done his duty, the corpse hopes to act on his behalf without exceeding his authority to sacrifice to the gods. It shows Zhuangzi's thought of governing by doing nothing, from which the idiom "meddling" comes.

six

Without thickness, there is room for recovery.

-"Zhuangzi Health Master"

There is a gap between translation and interpretation, so it is still generous and has room for operation.

It is the core of Zhuangzi's health preserving theory. At the same time, it shows that we should understand the laws of nature and act according to them. The idioms "I can't see the whole cow" and "I can handle it" both come from here.

seven

Put out the fire with fire and save the water with water, which is called multi-benefit.

-"Zhuangzi on Earth"

Putting out fire with fire and saving water with water will not only make things right, but will increase mistakes.

Explain a way of life under the guise of Confucius teaching Yan Hui. The idiom "put out fire with fire" and "save water with water" came from here.

eight

Nothing more than that, nothing more than that; You can't see yourself, but you know yourself. So: he is right, and he is right.

-"Zhuangzi's Theory of Homogeneous Things"

Everything in the world has a negative side, and there is a negative side. What you can't understand from the other side can be understood from this side. So, for this reason, it is inseparable from him. That is, two sides of things, no one can live without anyone.

It reveals the law of the unity of opposites in the development of things and denies metaphysics and absolutism. This is 2400 years earlier than the German physicist Einstein founded the theory of relativity.

nine

You don't know your husband mantis? Angry that his arm is rutted, I wonder if he is incompetent, which is also the beauty of his talent.

-"Zhuangzi on Earth"

Don't you know mantis? Waving its two broadsword arms, trying to stop the rolling wheels. It doesn't know that its strength is incompetent at all, but it thinks that its ability is very strong.

The allusion to the idiom "gladiator's arm is a car" comes from this and is used to describe overreaching.

ten

The mountain wood is self-defeating, the fire is self-fried, and the cinnamon is eaten, so it is cut; Paint can be used, so cut it. Everyone knows what is useful, but not what is useless.

-"Zhuangzi on Earth"

Trees growing on the mountain are cut down because of natural needs, oil burns because of lighting, and osmanthus trees are edible, so they are cut down; Paint can be used, so it is peeling. Everyone knows the useful use, but they don't know the useless use.

Useful and promising will be harmful, and useless and inaction will be blessed. This paper expounds the "useless use", which is often ignored, and contains simple dialectics.

Laozi's famous saying

"Tao can be Tao, very Tao; The name can be named, and the name is unusual "-meaning that what can be said is not the eternal truth; The name that can be called is not an eternal name. The truth of China people can only be understood but not expressed. This attitude is not conducive to the development of science.

The development of modern science and technology comes from people's insatiable exploration and creative spirit. If, like the small-scale peasant society, the enterprising spirit is gone, then the prospect of the nation will be worrying.

"Happy from now on, can't keep it; Being rich and arrogant is to blame. It is heaven to retire after success. " A good man hides in the depths of Xu Ruo, and a gentleman returns good for evil. "People rule the society, human rights and personal property rights are not protected, and disasters come unexpectedly. Therefore, the wise men advise the world to hide their talents and retire if they succeed.

On the one hand, it shows the non-competitive psychology of Chinese people, on the other hand, it also shows the cunning strategy of Chinese people not striving for small profits and big discounts.

"Mystery is both mystery and mystery, which is the gateway to all miracles"-China's knowledge is mostly metaphysics, not science.

"Know its male and keep its female; Know its white, keep its black; Know its glory and keep its shame "-this sentence means: know its man, but keep its woman; Know the bright side, but be content with the dark side; I know the glorious side, but I'd rather keep the humiliating side. China people are so resourceful.

"The gentleman is thick but not thin; Actually not in China. " -The rule of society by man is doomed to complicated interpersonal relationships and profound cultivation knowledge.

"I have three treasures, which I hold and protect. One is kindness, the other is thrift, and the third is not daring to be the first in the world. " -it is understandable that people rule the society without any guarantee. In order to protect themselves, it is not the best in the world. But in modern civilized society, China people should have the courage to be the first in the world.

"If you know who I am, then I am expensive, so the sage gives jade." I mean, there are too few people who know me, and it is even harder to meet people who can imitate me. Therefore, saints often wear coarse cloth, but beautiful jade, goods are unknown. Indeed, few people can understand Lao Tzu's thought of governing by doing nothing, especially the thought of governing by doing nothing close to liberalism and market economy, which is only the basis of the policy of sharing interest with the people after the ruler's tyranny.

Mencius' famous saying

(1) If you don't follow the rules, you can't be Fiona Fang.

Without compasses and rulers, squares and circles cannot be drawn correctly.

(2) Correct, then weight; Degree, then know the length.

Only when translation has weight can we know the weight; Measure it and you'll know the length.

(3) People can do something without doing it, and then they can do something.

People can only make a difference if they don't do it.

(4) Although there are things that are easy to live in the world, if it is violent for one day and cold for ten days, no one can live.

Even if there is a plant that grows most easily, if it is dried for one day and frozen for ten days, nothing can grow again.

(5) sharp is slow.

People who advance too hard will retreat too fast.

(6) the official of the heart, what you think, what you get. Not without thinking.

The organ function of the heart lies in thinking, which can be obtained only by thinking, but can not be obtained without thinking.

(7) Born in sorrow, died in happiness.

Sadness and injury are enough to make people live, and comfort and happiness are enough to make people die.

(8) Only the benevolent should occupy high positions. Being unkind and in a high position is to spread its evil to the public.

Only virtuous and kind people should be in the leading position. If an immoral person with low morality is in a dominant position, he will spread his sins to the masses.

(9) The son of heaven is ruthless and does not care about the four seas; The princes are heartless and do not protect the country; Doctor Qing is ruthless and does not protect the ancestral temple; Shu Ren is heartless. He didn't protect his four bodies.

If the son of heaven cannot be kind, he cannot keep his world; If the princes are unkind, they will lose their country; Qing and the doctor can't be good, so they can't keep his ancestral temple; Ordinary people can't be kind, so they can't keep fit.

(10) The monarch is kind and invincible.

The king of a country loves benevolence, and the world is invincible.