1, good eating habits:

Reasonable and scientific diet recuperation and good eating habits can quickly control the development of diabetes, which is much more important than drug control for patients with mild diabetes. In addition, good living habits can also achieve the functions of "enhancing the body's resistance to pathogens" and protecting its righteousness, improving the body's autoimmune function, enhancing the disease resistance and preventing complications. All these remind us, especially diabetics, that it is best to develop the following eating habits, which is more conducive to disease control and prevention.

1 moderate diet: excessive hunger and overeating are the taboos of diabetic diet. Because eating too much will not only increase the burden of islet β cells, but also easily lead to complications in advance, so every time you eat too much, you should always have a three-point hunger, eat in moderation and regularly quantify.

2 A diet with good quality and light taste: Fat and sweet taste not only affects the digestive function, but also easily leads to various complications such as diabetic hyperlipidemia, diabetic coronary heart disease and diabetic hypertension.

3 Chewing slowly is good for health: Chewing slowly can make food ground more finely by teeth, saliva and food are fully mixed, and the role of digestive enzymes is fully exerted, thus strengthening the digestion and absorption of food and making full use of nutrition, which is quite beneficial to improving the health status of diabetic patients.

(4) Dietary diversification can keep the nutritional balance: diabetics can eat all kinds of foods within the specified total calories to ensure the intake of comprehensive nutrients.

⑤ No partial eclipse: Diabetic patients who often eat monotonous food are prone to malnutrition. Therefore, it is required not to be picky about food and snacks, to eat reasonably, to learn from each other's strengths, to enrich nutrition and to improve the utilization rate of various nutrients.

⑥ Keep a happy mood: A happy eating mood is as important as nutrition. Experts have found that when eating in a good mood, the secretion of various digestive juices increases and tastes delicious, which is beneficial to the digestion and absorption of food on the one hand and the stability of blood sugar on the other; If you are in a bad mood, the food will become tasteless and your appetite will drop obviously. This is because bad emotions inhibit the feeding center, and emotional fluctuations will cause sympathetic nerve excitement and promote glycogen decomposition, so that the blood sugar level will rise, which is not good for diabetic patients. Therefore, patients should keep a happy mood when eating, don't get angry and angry at the dinner table, don't talk about unpleasant things, and develop good and healthy eating habits.

2, dietary considerations:

Diabetes advocates scientific diet therapy, not simply diet control or starvation therapy. Patients should actively pay attention to reasonable diet control, and need to pay attention to the following points:

(1) Control the total calories in the whole day and keep the weight within the normal standard range. Therefore, obese patients should enter a low-calorie diet, and emaciated patients should increase the calories in the whole day's diet.

② It is not advisable to do physical exercise on an empty stomach in the morning. If you spend too much time on work or activities from dinner to sleep, you should increase your food appropriately. When the labor intensity changes greatly, such as swimming and playing ball games, a small amount of food should also be added to prevent hypoglycemia.

③ When patients choose to use any new food, they should know its main nutritional components first, and then use it properly with the consent of doctors. Don't trust some "diet foods" on the market, choose carefully.

④ Children with diabetes should not restrict their diet excessively. Dietotherapy must provide enough calories and protein to ensure nutrition and meet the needs of growth and development according to the characteristics of children's vigorous growth and development. Children should eat regularly and quantitatively, and the calories needed every day can change with age.

⑤ Dietotherapy for diabetes is also suitable for elderly patients with diabetes. We should strictly limit the intake of fat and alcohol, advocate a high-fiber diet and a low-salt diet, and pay attention to eating high-quality protein. According to the physiological characteristics of spleen and stomach weakness in the elderly, it is advisable to have a light diet with a small amount of meals.

⑥ When diabetic patients have complications, they should have special dietary requirements. When hypertension, arteriosclerosis and renal damage occur, salt should be limited first, and then the intake method of protein should be mastered. When you have liver dysfunction, you should pay attention to choose high-protein foods, such as soybeans, eggs, milk and so on. Alcohol is forbidden to drink in principle.

⑦ When diabetic patients suffer from other diseases and need to go out for surgery, doctors should adjust the original drugs and diet in time to avoid hypoglycemia or other accidents.

Today, there are more and more fast food and frozen food on the market. When you eat them, you should calculate their calories and nutrients, and don't eat them as estimated. At present, there is no specific reference scheme for how much synthetic sweetener should be used, so it must not be used more.

Dietary taboos of diabetic patients;

1, diabetic patients should not drink alcohol:

Wine is made from grain. Drinking alcohol will increase calories and carbohydrates, which is not good for diabetes. Patients with obesity, hypertension and high triglycerides should not drink alcohol.

Although alcohol metabolism does not need insulin, excessive drinking will inhibit gluconeogenesis, reduce the output of liver glycogen, and cause hypoglycemia coma that is not easy to be detected, which may be fatal in severe cases.

Moreover, alcohol can strengthen and prolong the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas, and at the same time aggravate the lactic acidemia caused by biguanides. In addition, long-term heavy drinking can also lead to alcoholic cirrhosis and mental illness.

Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of patients and the effectiveness of treatment, it is best not to drink alcohol.

2, diabetic patients should not smoke:

The harm of smoking is many and serious. There are more than 100 kinds of harmful substances in cigarettes, among which nicotine is the most important. Smoking is harmful to health, especially for diabetics.

First, nicotine can stimulate the increase of adrenaline secretion, resist insulin, raise blood sugar and aggravate diabetes.

Second, nicotine can make blood vessels contract, blood pressure rise, resulting in insufficient blood supply to myocardium, making diabetes complicated with complications such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, gangrene of limbs, and even serious complications such as myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction, which are life-threatening.

Third, nicotine stimulates the central nervous system, a small amount of nicotine excites the central nervous system, and a large amount of nicotine inhibits or paralyzes the central nervous system, which makes people confused.

Fourthly, nicotine damages epithelial cells of human respiratory system, causing inflammation or canceration. If diabetic patients are complicated with upper respiratory tract infection, their physique often declines, their condition gets worse and even life-threatening. Therefore, diabetics must make up their minds to quit smoking.

3, diabetic patients should not do several kinds of exercise:

Exercise therapy is not suitable for any diabetic. For example, many organs of patients with advanced diabetes have irreversible lesions and cannot make normal physiological responses to exercise. Overworked exercise will increase their burden, but it will aggravate their illness and worsen their condition. In principle, diabetic patients with complications should be especially careful in regular physical activities. Generally speaking, patients should not engage in strenuous and overloaded sports, nor should they choose sports that are highly irritating and easy to get nervous and excited, let alone fatigue sports.

In addition, the following types of diabetic patients are absolutely prohibited from strenuous exercise.

① The blood pressure of hypertensive diabetic patients often exceeds: systolic blood pressure 200mmHg, diastolic blood pressure 100mmHg.

② Vegetative neuropathy is often caused by postural hypotension, peripheral neuropathy, insensitivity of the foot and easy injury of the foot during running.

③ People with proliferative retinopathy or hemangioma should avoid high-intensity exercise, such as lifting weights, lowering their heads and strong head vibration.

④ Myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, intermittent claudication, now there are symptoms and signs, and transient ischemia often occurs.

⑤ Diabetic patients with severe renal failure.

⑥ Patients with ketoacidosis and active tuberculosis.

⑦ When serious infection occurs.

(8) Patients with severe cerebrovascular diseases and lens opacity or severe cataract.

In short, people with severe diabetic complications are strictly prohibited from strenuous exercise.

4. Diabetic patients should not drink tea:

Medical experts believe that it is ok for diabetics to drink tea, but the principle of drinking tea should be mastered. Generally speaking, there are four shortcomings:

① It should be light but not strong: Strong tea has a strong exciting effect, which can make the heart beat faster, make people feel flustered, anxious and even dizzy, and feel "drunk". Drinking some light tea properly can detoxify and diuretic, clear the heart and relieve annoyance, strengthen the stomach and promote digestion, moisten the lungs and promote fluid production, eliminate phlegm and relieve cough, excite the brain, improve thinking and enhance memory. Tannin contained in tea has astringent effect and can prevent and treat enteritis, dysentery and other diseases. If the tea juice is too strong, it will lead to constipation, which is a taboo for diabetics.

2 Should be cool but not hot: Tea contains substances that can promote insulin synthesis, and also contains polysaccharides that can lower blood sugar. Soaking these substances in high-temperature boiling water will decompose and destroy them and lose their therapeutic effect. If you want this substance to have a therapeutic effect, you can't soak it in hot water, you can only soak it in cold water for 2-3 hours before drinking it.

3 Less should not be more: drinking a lot of tea will increase water in the body and increase the burden on the heart and kidney; Excessive excitement can lead to an increase in blood sugar and urine sugar.

4 sooner rather than later: Caffeine contained in tea can excite the cerebral cortex. Drinking early can refresh the mind and improve work efficiency. If you drink too late, it will affect your sleep at night and lead to insomnia at night. For diabetic patients with insomnia, this should be paid special attention to.

5, diabetic patients should not eat watermelon:

Watermelon has the functions of clearing away heat and relieving summer heat, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst. It is an ideal medicine for patients with fever and yin injury, and it is also a summer food for ordinary people. Sweet and delicious, suitable for all ages, it is called "natural white tiger soup" by the medical community. It is used for patients with high fever and hyperhidrosis and is well received by the masses. But people with diabetes should not eat watermelon.

Through research, it is found that almost all diabetic patients get worse after eating watermelon for a long time in summer, and the symptoms of "three more and one less" reappear, blood sugar rises and urine sugar is positive. If the patients who used oral hypoglycemic drugs eat watermelon in large quantities for a long time, the dosage must be increased. If the blood sugar does not drop to normal after increasing the dose, insulin injection must be used instead. The reason may be that although watermelon has more water and less sugar, eating watermelon every day will increase the intake of sugar, and the endogenous insulin is insufficient, so the body is difficult to use, so the blood sugar is increased. Therefore, diabetic patients, especially those with serious illness, had better not be greedy for watermelons.

6, diabetic patients should not avoid eating pumpkins:

Some people say that pumpkin has a high sugar content and is not suitable for diabetics, which is misleading. This statement is wrong. Eating pumpkin will not only aggravate diabetes, but also treat diabetes.

Pumpkin contains a variety of vitamins, minerals, protein, sugar, pectin, carotene, cellulose, lycopene, arginine, pentosan and other substances, and has high nutritional value. Modern medicine has found that pumpkin has high medicinal value and can treat diseases such as diabetes, ulcer and hyperlipidemia. So we should eat some pumpkins properly at ordinary times.

7, diabetic patients should not be excessive sexual intercourse:

Diabetic patients can have sex as long as their condition is well controlled. Healthy and harmonious sexual life can increase the fun of life, enhance the confidence to overcome diseases, and benefit the health and longevity of middle-aged and elderly people. But sexual life should not be too frequent, otherwise it will be harmful to health. Especially for diabetics, frequent sexual life is more harmful. Because diabetic patients often have yin deficiency of lung and kidney, and kidney essence is insufficient, if sexual life is too frequent, both men and women are easy to consume physical strength, damage essence and lose kidney essence. Deficiency of kidney essence leads to deficiency of lung yin. Yin deficiency of lung and kidney and deficiency of fire are important reasons for the onset and aggravation of diabetes.

Therefore, diabetic patients should control their sexual life and not over-frequency.

8, diabetic patients should not be too comfortable:

Too comfortable, that is, there is no physical labor and sports activities. Lack of physical labor often leads to obesity. Obesity is one of the important inducing factors of diabetes. One of the important reasons for the onset of diabetes in adults (also known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes) is the lack of physical labor. Insufficient physical labor is also an important factor in the aggravation of diabetes. In addition, proper physical labor is an important treatment for mild diabetes.

Diabetic patients should have a certain amount of exercise, not the bigger the better; It can't be too small to achieve the effect of exercise. Keep exercising at least three times a day, and the time of each activity is not less than 20 minutes and not more than 1 hour.

9, should not be married between diabetic patients:

The World Health Organization warns diabetics not to get married. According to medical statistics, about 40% of diabetic patients have a family history of diabetes, which shows that the disease has certain genetic factors. If diabetics get married, this kind of marriage will greatly increase the probability of diabetes in their offspring and advance the onset age. In order to improve the quality of the population, make the next generation healthier and reduce the incidence of diabetes, people with diabetes should not get married.

10, diabetic women should not have children:

Pregnant women with diabetes are very harmful to both mother and baby.

Pregnant women with diabetes will aggravate maternal diabetes. Early pregnancy will produce acidosis, hypoglycemia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, weakness, deep breathing and severe coma. In the second and third trimester of pregnancy, there will be polyhydramnios, systemic edema, elevated blood pressure, and even convulsions and coma due to the increase of placental hormones. During childbirth, dystocia usually occurs.