Date of publication: 2008- 1 1-24 Publisher: He Yonghe, Oncology Department, Guang 'anmen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Primary bronchogenic carcinoma (lung accumulation)

Primary bronchial carcinoma is the most common primary lung malignant tumor, most of which originated from bronchial mucosa epithelium and some from gland or alveolar epithelium. Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world, and its morbidity and mortality are increasing obviously in most countries. In China, common malignant tumors rank first in cities and third in rural areas. The incidence of lung cancer generally rises rapidly after the age of 40, reaches a peak at the age of 70, and slightly drops below the age of 70. Most known pathogenic factors can lead to lung cancer. At present, smoking, ionizing radiation, air pollution, arsenic and other occupational factors are more important. Early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment are important prerequisites for lung cancer to achieve good curative effect. He Yonghe, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology, Beijing Guang 'anmen Hospital

In TCM literature, lung cancer belongs to the categories of lung accumulation, heartburn, cough, wheezing, chest pain, overworked cough, excessive phlegm and other diseases. Most of them are due to pathogenic toxin attacking the lung and injuring the spleen, the lung loses its propaganda and descending, the spleen loses its healthy movement, the body fluid does not disperse, phlegm and turbidity are endogenous to the lung, phlegm blocks qi stagnation, phlegm and blood stasis are combined to form cancer, and cancer consumes gas and hurts body fluid, resulting in deficiency and excess.

1 diagnosis

Clinical manifestations of 1. 1

Symptoms of 1. 1. 1: The common symptoms of lung cancer include cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, fever and so on. But there is no specificity, which brings great difficulties to the diagnosis of lung cancer.

1. 1. 1 cough: the tumor stimulates bronchial mucosa and causes cough, mostly dry cough, no sputum or a small amount of white foam sputum. When bronchial stenosis is caused by tumor growth, the cough is aggravated, mostly persistent, accompanied by high-pitched metallic sound, which is a characteristic obstructive cough.

1. 1. 1.2 hemoptysis or blood sputum: fresh bloodshot or blood clots are common in clinic, which appear intermittently or repeatedly, but full mouth or massive hemoptysis is rare.

1. 1. 1.3 chest pain: when the tumor is located near the pleura, it is easy to produce irregular dull pain or dull pain, which is more common in clinic. When the tumor directly invades the pleura, even the chest wall, the pain is more severe, and it is aggravated when breathing and coughing. Chest pain is severe when the ribs and thoracic vertebrae are invaded, but it has nothing to do with breathing and coughing, and often has fixed tenderness points.

1. 1. 1.4 shortness of breath: it is understandable that the respiratory area is reduced due to the development of tumor, and shortness of breath caused by limited respiratory movement or atelectasis. However, some early central lung cancer showed shortness of breath without specific mass on X-ray films, which may be due to the infiltration and growth of the tumor along the bronchial wall, leading to extensive stenosis and poor ventilation. Advanced lymph node metastasis can cause shortness of breath by compressing large bronchus or carina, diffuse alveolar carcinoma, pleural effusion and pericardial effusion.

1. 1. 1.5 Fever: The tumor compresses or blocks the accumulation of distal bronchial secretions, or secondary infection is the cause of fever, which is generally around 38℃ and rarely above 39℃. It is controlled by anti-inflammatory drugs, but it can happen repeatedly. In the late stage, due to tumor necrosis or absorption poisoning, various anti-inflammatory treatments can not achieve the effect and are not contagious, which is called "cancer fever".

1. 1. 1.6 others: hoarseness or hoarseness is caused by metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes compressing or invading the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, resulting in vocal cord paralysis; Superior vena cava syndrome, lung cancer metastatic lymph nodes through mediastinum directly invade or oppress superior vena cava and azygos vein, hinder blood return, and produce chest wall anger and neck and face edema. In severe cases, dark purple skin, purple lips, conjunctival congestion, blurred vision and dizziness, headache and other symptoms. Dysphagia is caused by swollen lymph nodes pressing the esophagus; Brachial plexus nerve compression sign, burning radiation pain and local paresthesia of ipsilateral upper limbs, nutritional muscular atrophy; Cervical sympathetic nerve syndrome, cancer invading or compressing cervical sympathetic ganglion is characterized by drooping eyelids, sunken eyes, narrowed pupils, anhidrosis and abnormal sensation on the affected side; The direct invasion of tumor caused phrenic nerve paralysis; Corresponding symptoms of metastasis to bone, liver, brain, lung, kidney, adrenal gland, subcutaneous tissue, etc.

1. 1.2 signs: the signs of lung cancer vary with the location of the tumor and the degree of disease development. Attention should be paid to check whether there are subcutaneous nodules and lymph nodes in the whole body. Supraclavicular lymph node enlargement is of great significance for diagnosis. If there is localized inspiratory wheezing or snoring in the lungs that does not disappear after coughing, it often suggests that the bronchi may be blocked, which is more common in the early stage of central lung cancer and disappears after the bronchi are completely blocked. Enlargement of joints of limbs and clubbed fingers may be one of the early signs of lung cancer.

1.2 auxiliary inspection

1.2. 1 chest imaging examination: X-ray examination is one of the important methods for diagnosing lung cancer, including chest X-ray, chest film, bronchography, bronchial arteriography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET).

1.2.2 sputum cytology: a simple, noninvasive and effective diagnostic method.

1.2.3 fiberoptic bronchoscopy and biopsy.

1.2.4 percutaneous lung biopsy, lymph node biopsy, mediastinoscopy biopsy, thoracotomy biopsy, subcutaneous nodule biopsy and soft tissue biopsy, etc.

1.2.5 Examination of tumor markers: At present, tumor markers that can be used for diagnosis include carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell associated antigen (SCC), Ca 125, etc.

1.3 diagnostic criteria

The diagnosis of lung cancer is based on clinical manifestations, signs, imaging examination, cytological examination, pathological examination and serological examination, among which cytological and pathological examination results are the gold standard for the final diagnosis of lung cancer.

1.4 staging and typing

1.4. 1 staging

1.4. 1 For details, please refer to the TNM staging of lung tumors in UICC (1997).

1.4. 1.2 Clinical Staging of LD and ED of Small Cell Lung Cancer (Lung Cancer Rescue Group of American Veterans Hospital)

LD (localized disease) is confined to one side of the chest, including mediastinum, hilum and supraclavicular lymph nodes. ED (systemic disease) spreads to pleura, contralateral mediastinum or superior vena cava syndrome, or involves contralateral lung and pleura or distant metastasis.

1.4.2 Typing

Peripheral lung cancer: Lung cancer that grows under the segmental bronchi and is located in the peripheral part of the lung becomes peripheral lung cancer. Adenocarcinoma and alveolar cell carcinoma are more common.

Central lung cancer: Lung cancer that grows above the segmental bronchus is called central lung cancer, and squamous cell carcinoma and small cell undifferentiated carcinoma are more common.

differential diagnosis

1.5. 1 pulmonary tuberculosis: In addition to clinical manifestations, tuberculin test, imaging examination, sputum examination (including acid-fast bacilli and cancer cells), fiberoptic bronchoscopy, lung puncture examination and chest examination should be done repeatedly.

1.5.2 pneumonia:

1.5.3 lung abscess: Primary lung abscess usually has an acute onset, obvious poisoning symptoms, sudden chills, high fever, repeated cough, a lot of pus and phlegm, and obvious foul smell. The retained sputum is obviously distributed in the third floor. On the ordinary chest film, it shows thin-walled cavity, common liquid level and inflammatory lesions around the mass. However, cancerous cavities are generally irregular thick-walled cavities with lobulated masses and clear boundaries.

1.5.4 malignant lymphoma:

1.5.5 benign tumors and tumor-like lesions of the lung: the common ones are pulmonary hamartoma, bronchial pulmonary cyst, giant lymph node hyperplasia, inflammatory pseudotumor, etc. These lesions have their own characteristics in X-ray examination. If it is difficult to distinguish it from malignant tumor, it should be surgically removed as soon as possible.

2 syndrome differentiation and treatment

2. 1 Deficiency of lung and spleen-qi: chronic expectoration, shortness of breath, abdominal distension, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, loose stool or constipation, listlessness, weakness of limbs, laziness, thready pulse, thin tongue coating, and teeth marks on the edge. This syndrome often occurs in patients with lung cancer during chemotherapy, or in advanced lung cancer with a large number of pleural effusion, or with liver metastasis, or with a large number of malignant ascites. The symptoms during chemotherapy are easy to control, and the side effects caused by chemotherapy will gradually decrease and disappear with the end of chemotherapy. However, the related symptoms caused by abdominal metastasis are difficult to control and cure, and the prognosis is very poor. Syndrome types are characterized by the mixture of excess and deficiency. Deficiency refers to lung qi deficiency and spleen qi deficiency, but in fact refers to stagnation of phlegm, failure of lung to descend and loss of stomach to descend. Further development may lead to symptoms of qi deficiency and yang deficiency: spontaneous sweating, palpitation, cold limbs, chills, swollen limbs and stool slippage.

Treatment: mainly tonify lung and spleen, pay attention to resolving phlegm and reducing turbidity, dispersing lung and relieving cough, regulating stomach and reducing adverse flow, attacking and draining water, etc. Prescription: Sijunzi Decoction and Baohe Pill: Radix Codonopsis 20g, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae/KOOC-0/5g, Poria/KOOC-0/5g, Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparata 9g, Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae 9g, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae 9g, Radix Platycodi 9g, Fructus Trichosanthis/KOOC-0/2g, Semen Armeniacae Amarum 9g, Cortex Magnolia Officinalis 9g, Semen Coicis 30g, and Fructus Crataegi/KOC. For those with yang deficiency or limb swelling, Fuzi Lizhong Decoction or Zhenwu Decoction can be added.

2.2 lung yin deficiency type: dry cough, or cough with little phlegm, or cough with bloodshot phlegm, loss of appetite, hot flashes and night sweats, dry mouth and thirst, constipation, red tongue with little coating, or pale tongue with thin coating. This syndrome mostly occurs in the early and middle stages of lung cancer, or after lung cancer patients receive radiotherapy. May be accompanied by internal heat or fiery heat: fever, red face and red eyes, expectoration of yellow phlegm, sore throat, swollen gums, oral ulcer, irritability and insomnia. Patients with lung cancer often suffer from radiation pneumonia after radiotherapy, which is characterized by persistent cough, or expectoration, itchy throat, dry mouth and throat, chest tightness, severe shortness of breath, obvious exercise and high fever.

Treatment: nourishing yin and promoting fluid production, moistening lung and relieving cough, or clearing lung heat or clearing away heat and purging fire and detoxifying. Prescription: Baihe Gujin Decoction. Ophiopogon japonicus 12g, Radix Rehmanniae 15g, Cortex Moutan 15g, Radix Scrophulariae 12g, Rhizoma Dioscoreae 15g, Lily 20g, Dendrobium 12g, Platycodon grandiflorum 9g, Fritillaria thunbergii/kloc-0. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi 15g, Cortex Mori 15g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30g, and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei preparata 12g can be added for patients with excessive lung heat. Some patients with early and middle stage lung cancer can be cured after surgical chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but radiation pneumonia caused by radiotherapy can last for months to years. The pathological changes of radiation pneumonia are mainly lung heat, fluid deficiency and yin injury, blood stasis and toxic damage, which appear during radiotherapy. The main treatment methods are clearing lung heat, promoting fluid production and moistening dryness, removing blood stasis and detoxicating. Add and subtract Radix Adenophorae Maimendong Decoction or Bamboo Leaf Gypsum Decoction: Flos Lonicerae 12g, Fructus Forsythiae 15g, bamboo leaf 9g, Radix Adenophorae 15g.

2.3 Qi stagnation and blood stasis type: shortness of breath, chest tightness, chest pain or swelling, excessive hemoptysis and phlegm, polydipsia, constipation, insomnia, dark mouth and lips, dull complexion, thin or astringent pulse, dark purple tongue or ecchymosis and thin fur. This syndrome is more common in patients with lung cancer in the early and middle stages. The tumor invading the chest wall or mediastinum can cause pain and discomfort in the chest, back or armpit. Empirical evidence is dominant, but the loss of healthy qi is not obvious. Most patients in the middle and late stage have this syndrome type, which belongs to the syndrome type of excess and deficiency, and needs to be distinguished.

Treatment: mainly promoting qi and blood circulation, removing blood stasis and dredging collaterals, paying attention to resolving phlegm and resolving hard mass, purging heat and relaxing bowels, benefiting qi and nourishing blood, etc. Prescription: Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction. Angelica sinensis 12g, Radix Paeoniae Rubra 12g, Semen Persicae 9g, Radix Bupleuri 9g, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus 9g, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 12g, Carthami Flos 8g, Radix Platycodi 12g, Rhizoma Corydalis 9g, Radix Cyathulae 12g, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae 9g and Radix Puerariae/kloc-. Add 9g of Pinellia ternata, 5 g of Fructus Trichosanthis/kloc-0, and 2 g of Fritillaria/kloc-0; Radix et Rhizoma Rhei 9g and Radix Scrophulariae15g were added for constipation; Radix Astragali 20g, Radix Codonopsis 15g, Semen Cuscutae 15g and Rhizoma Polygonati15g are added for deficiency of qi and blood; Gardenia 15g, forsythia suspensa 15g, rhubarb with wine12g; It is added to those with severe blood stasis and heat; Stop using peach kernel, safflower and Ligusticum chuanxiong for hemoptysis and resolving phlegm, and add Notoginseng 4g, Agrimonia pilosa 20g, Charcoal Platycladus orientalis leaves 12g, Cortex Moutan 15g and Radix Rehmanniae 15g.

2.4 phlegm-dampness internal resistance type: excessive phlegm, heavy cough, phlegm in the throat, hoarseness, chest tightness, anorexia, dark or fat tongue, white and greasy fur, thin and slippery pulse, weakness or slippery number. This syndrome is found in all stages of lung cancer. Early symptoms are mild or asymptomatic, and the diagnosis is made during physical examination. In the middle and late stage, the symptoms are aggravated and gradually critical. Phlegm-dampness blocks lung and spleen, from heat to phlegm-heat or damp-heat blocks collaterals, and from cold to cold, it is cold-dampness or cold drink stagnation. Pay attention to syndrome differentiation of cold and heat.

Treatment: resolving phlegm and promoting diuresis, and dispersing stagnation. Prescription: Erchen decoction combined with Sanzi Yangqin decoction. 9g of dried tangerine peel, 9g of Pinellia ternata, 8g of Poria cocos 12g, largehead atractylodes rhizome 12g, Fructus Trichosanthis 15g, Fritillaria thunbergii 15g, 9g of almond, 9g of magnolia officinalis, 8g of white mustard seed, 9g of perilla frutescens, Scrophularia 15g, Scrophularia. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi 15g, Prunella vulgaris 12g, Fructus Forsythiae 15g, and Cortex Mori15g; People with cold phlegm or even cold drinks can add or subtract Xiaoqinglong Decoction: roasted ephedra 6g, cassia twig 8g, Paeonia lactiflora 15g, dried ginger 5g, Pinellia ternata 9g, Schisandra 4g, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae 3g, almond 9g, Magnolia officinalis 9g and licorice 6g; Or Yanghe decoction: roasted ephedra 5g, white mustard 8g, roasted ginger 8g, cinnamon 6g, licorice 6g, almond 9g, Fructus Trichosanthis 15g, perilla frutescens 12g, dried tangerine peel 8g, and antler glue 12g.

2.5 Deficiency of both qi and yin: dry cough, scanty phlegm, fatigue, shortness of breath, wheezing when moving, dry mouth, upset and fever, hot flashes in the afternoon, spontaneous sweating, night sweats, palpitation, anorexia, short and red urine, thin red tongue coating or fat teeth marks, and thready pulse. This syndrome is more common in patients with early lung cancer, but also in postoperative rehabilitation and the end of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Treatment: supplementing qi and nourishing yin, strengthening the body resistance and consolidating the foundation. Prescription: Radix Adenophorae Maimendong Decoction. 20g of Radix Astragali, Rhizoma Dioscoreae 15g, Radix Adenophorae 12g, Radix Ophiopogonis 12g, Lily 15g, Dendrobium 15g, Radix Scrophulariae 12g, and Carapax Trionycis 12g. For patients with blood deficiency syndrome such as dizziness, facial atrophy, white lips and light fingernails, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 12g, Semen Cuscutae 15g, Rhizoma Polygonati 15g, and Fructus Jujubae 15g are added. Corni Fructus, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Eucommiae Cortex, Achyranthis Radix, Fructus Alpinae Oxyphyllae and Fructus Alpinae Oxyphyllae can be added for patients with kidney deficiency and essence deficiency accompanied by dizziness, tinnitus and hypomnesia.

General situation of TCM treatment of extrapulmonary important organ metastasis;

Pleural metastasis combined with a large amount of pleural effusion is a Chinese medicine drink to stop the chest and hypochondrium, and the treatment is mainly to attack and expel. The taste of Ziziphus Spinosae Seed Xie Fei Decoction is: Ziziphus Spinosae Seed 12g, Jujube 15g, Stephania Tetrandra 10g, Plantaginis Seed 12g, Polyporus umbellatus.

Pericardial metastasis with a large amount of pericardial effusion belongs to the category of traditional Chinese medicine, which is characterized by stagnation in water. The treatment is mainly to tonify heart yang and warm water. Lizhong decoction and Zhenwu decoction can be modified: cooked aconite tablet 9g (fried first), dried ginger 6g, Atractylodes macrocephala 12g, Poria cocos 30g, Codonopsis pilosula 20g, Radix Paeoniae Alba 15g, Polyporus umbellatus 15g.

Liver metastasis affects digestive function, which belongs to spleen deficiency and weak qi, and spleen and stomach disharmony. The treatment is mainly to strengthen the spleen and stomach. Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction and Baohe Pill are modified as follows: 6g of Radix Aucklandiae, 8g of Fructus Amomi, 9g of Rhizoma Pinelliae, 9g of Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, Atractylodis Rhizoma 12g, Poria 15g, burnt hawthorn 15g and fried Massa Medicata Fermentata15g; For patients with liver metastasis accompanied by heat stagnation and jaundice, 30g of Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, 0/5g of Fructus Gardeniae preparata, 0/5g of Fructus Forsythiae, and 0/2g of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei with wine can be added to promote diuresis, gallbladder and jaundice. Liver metastasis or abdominal metastasis is accompanied by a large amount of ascites, which belongs to spleen deficiency and dampness and flows in the abdomen. Adding Cortex Magnolia Officinalis 10g, Pericarpium Arecae 15g, Coicis Semen 30g, Semen Phaseoli 30g, Semen Plantaginis 15g and Lumbricus 9g to eliminate dampness and relieve bloating. Drinking water belongs to yin evil. Patients with pleural effusion and pericardial effusion can add cassia twig, dried ginger and aconite tablets to help warm up and eliminate yin evil.

Bone metastasis complicated with pain is caused by blood stasis and bone marrow loss. The methods of removing blood stasis and dredging collaterals, benefiting marrow and strengthening bones and relieving pain are adopted. The addition and subtraction of Taohong Siwu Decoction are as follows: peach kernel 9g, safflower 9g, Ligusticum Chuanxiong 12g, Paeonia lactiflora 15g, Angelica sinensis 15g, Radix Rehmanniae 15g and Semen Cuscutae 15g.

The brain metastasis with phlegm and blood stasis reaches the top of the head, blocking the brain collaterals, improving eyesight and clearing orifices. Treatment should be based on resolving phlegm, reducing turbidity, promoting blood circulation and dredging collaterals, calming wind and inducing resuscitation. Ditan decoction and Chuanxiong tea powder are modified into: Pinellia ternata 9g, Danxing 9g, Chenpi 9g, Zhuru 9g, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus 9g, Acorus Graminei 6g, Poria cocos 15g, Notopterygii Rhizoma 9g, Chuanxiong 15g.

3. 1.2 Common Chinese patent medicines

Jianpi Yishen Granule, each time 10g, taken orally, twice a day. Enhance the body's resistance and strengthen the foundation, which is used by the weak. February is a course of treatment.

Xiao Ping tablets, 6 tablets each time, taken orally, three times a day. Soft and firm, strong physique can be used. February is a course of treatment.

Shen Lian capsules, 2 ~ 3 tablets each time, taken orally, 3 times a day. Detoxify and dissipate stagnation, which can be used by those with internal resistance of heat toxin. February is a course of treatment.

Elemene injection, 0.4 ~ 0.6, with 500ml glucose or normal saline, intravenously, 1 time every day, 15 times is 1 cycle. It can be used to remove blood stasis, dredge collaterals, promote diuresis, and stop drinking due to blood stasis. 1 month is a course of treatment.

Aidi injection, 50 ~ 100 ml, glucose or 500ml physiological saline, intravenous injection, 1 time every day, 15 times is 1 cycle. Those who benefit qi, strengthen the body resistance and detoxify, and those who are weak and stasis toxic are selected. 1 month is a course of treatment.

Yifei Qinghua ointment (granule): Yiqi Yangyin, Huoxue Jiedu, 20g/ time, twice a day. February is a course of treatment.

The above drugs can be adjusted according to the patient's condition.

In addition, Shengmai injection, Compound Danshen injection and Houttuynia cordata injection can be used in syndrome differentiation to invigorate qi and nourish yin, promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, and clear away heat and toxic materials.

Precautions:

Traditional Chinese medicine treatment of lung cancer should also pay attention to syndrome differentiation and treatment and holistic treatment. Syndrome differentiation should be based on various symptoms caused by lung cancer, combined with various complications and complications of patients, and dialectical medication should be taken after comprehensive consideration. The above prescriptions are not immutable, so we should pay special attention to the flexible addition and subtraction of prescriptions in clinic. If the patient's symptoms are relieved after taking the medicine, he can continue taking it. If the symptoms change, the prescription should be added or subtracted with the symptoms.

Like the treatment of other malignant tumors, the treatment of lung cancer with traditional Chinese medicine is also a long process. The disease recurs or metastasizes after early diagnosis or clinical cure. Symptoms are mild and healthy qi is sufficient. The main treatment is to eliminate pathogenic factors: resolving phlegm and clearing heat, resolving hard mass and softening hard mass, removing blood stasis and dredging collaterals. With the progress of the disease, phlegm and blood stasis become more and more serious, which affects other visceral functions more and more. In addition, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other traumatic treatments have caused harm to the body, leading to the loss of vitality, mainly manifested as deficiency of both lung and spleen, and clinical manifestations are the loss of pathogenic excess and positive energy. In treatment, it is necessary to give consideration to benefiting lung and spleen, benefiting qi and nourishing blood, and attacking and reinforcing simultaneously. In patients with advanced lung cancer, the tumor spread to multiple systems of the whole body, leading to the failure of five internal organs and death. At this time, the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine is forbidden to attack, and it is only appropriate to preserve vitality, replenish five internal organs and prolong life.

Maintaining a good mental state is the prerequisite for overcoming the disease. Try to reduce the influence of bad emotions, keep a regular rhythm of work and rest, and get enough sleep. In terms of diet, people who are thin should appropriately supplement protein food, people with heavy phlegm should reduce fatty food, people with heavy lung heat and phlegm should avoid spicy and hot things, people with constipation should eat more food containing crude fiber, and people with edema should eat less salt. Patients with lung disease can generally eat more lilies, Dendrobium, yam, etc. to moisten and nourish the lungs. Under the condition of mental and physical strength, we should insist on moderate exercise, exercise cardiopulmonary function and limb joint function, so as to improve the quality of life and facilitate early recovery.

With the progress of science and technology, there are more and more treatments for lung cancer, and the curative effect has been obviously improved. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as an auxiliary treatment for tumors, shows good prospects in relieving patients' symptoms, reducing the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, prolonging patients' survival time with tumors and improving patients' quality of life. It is believed that it will play an increasingly important role in the comprehensive treatment of tumors.