Chinese name: Liezi
Alias: Mingkou, also known as Yukou.
Nationality: Warring States Period
Birthplace: Putian, Zhengguo (now Zhengzhou, Henan)
Occupation: thinker
Faith: Taoism
Masterpiece: Liezi has eight volumes.
catalogue
The life of the character
dependent event
Liezi thought
history
List of works
Personal quotations
Overview of historical evaluation
Bagua Yufeng platform
The life of the character
dependent event
Liezi thought
history
List of works
Personal quotations
Overview of historical evaluation
Bagua Yufeng platform
Start editing this character's life.
Liezi devoted his life to moral study, and studied under Guan Yinzi, Hu Qiuzi, Lao Shang and Zhi Bo Gaozi. He lived in seclusion for forty years in Zheng, without seeking fame and fortune, and silently practiced Buddhism. Advocate accountability and responsibility, and do nothing. He wrote 20 books, more than100000 words. There are eight books such as Tian Rui, Zhong Ni, Tang Wen, Yang Zhu, Fu Shuo, Huangdi, Zhou Muwang and Mo Lifeng, all of which have been lost. Among them, there are more than a hundred fables, such as The Yellow Emperor Roaming, Yu Gong Yi Shan, Kuafu Chasing the Sun, and Worrying about the Worries, which are interesting, meaningful and thought-provoking. Later, it was honored by Taoism as "a real person who rushed into the air."
Edit the related events in this paragraph.
Liezi is open-minded, rich and poor, and is not surprised by honor or disgrace. Because my family is poor, I often don't have enough to eat, and my face is pale and thin. Someone advised Zheng Guojunziyang to subsidize Liezi in order to win the name of a good scholar, so Ziyang sent someone to send him ten carts of grain. He thanked him again and again, but refused to accept the real thing. Wife complains: I have long heard that people with good ideas, their wives and children can live happily, but now they often go hungry. The Prime Minister sent you food, but you didn't accept it. I am really unlucky. Liezi smiled and said to his wife, Ziyang doesn't really know me. He didn't bring me food until he listened to others. I may listen to others in the future. Blame me me, I can't accept it. A year later, Zheng had an accident, Ziyang was killed, and many of his henchmen were collectively killed, leaving the bandits in the imperial court safe and sound. Such a legacy is still circulating among Zhengzhou people, and this story is also recorded in the Annals of Zhengzhou in the thirty-second year of Kangxi. Liezi attached great importance to Shogen, cultivated the technique of wind protection, and was able to keep out the wind. He often goes to the Eight Barrens in spring. In Zhuangzi's Happy Travel, Liezi described the scene of riding the wind. "Ling Ran is good. I will be back in ten days and five days." Wherever he is popular, he will come back to life. Flying, carefree, relaxed and complacent, enviable. In the first year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (742), Li Longji named him a real person in Xu Chong, with the title of Xu Chong.
Edit the point of view of this paragraph.
Zhuangzi mentioned that Liezi could "go against the wind and be good at Ling Ran" in the first article of his book "Happy Travel". It seems that he has already developed extraordinary flying skills. Because Zhuangzi's books often make up fictional characters, such as "nobody" and "Tiangen", some people suspect that Liezi is also a "dummy". However, Liezi has also been mentioned in many documents, such as Warring States Policy, Autopsy and Lv Chunqiu, so Liezi should be a real person. On Liezi's theory, Liu Xiang thought: "His learning originated from Huangdi Laozi and posthumous title Taoism. The Taoist must stick to the basics, empty the inaction, treat things, respect them without arguing, and conform to the Six Classics. " The "book" in Xing Bing's "Er Ya Shi Shu" refers to the broad principles of the corpse, and Lu's "Spring and Autumn Annals" says: "The son is fierce and the son is expensive." "The warring states policy. "Han Ce" has: "Historical illness makes Chu, and the king of Chu asked,' What does the guest do?' Say:' The words of treating the troubles of Liezi. Say,' What's expensive? Say:' reform'. Liezi by Zhang Zhan. Preface "thinks:" The book is generally clear, and there are even loopholes, and all kinds of products are finally extinct. God prefers to be calm, miss taking things as the table, feel and turn dreams into feelings. The size is not limited to one domain, and poverty has no false wisdom. Governing the body is more expensive than being an official, and it applies to everything. If you forget, there will be no seclusion, which is also the purpose. " Liezi believes that "if a person's heart is a mirror, he should not welcome it, but should not hide it, so he can get something without hurting it." He often looks hungry because of poverty, but refuses food from Ziyang, the tyrannical ruler of Zheng State. His disciple asked shyly, "Are those who know the Tao rich?" Liezi said, "I despise Taoism and value profit to death!" " "Liezi also advocates that we should get rid of the fetters of nobility and fame and fortune in the world, conform to the avenue, be indifferent to fame and fortune, and practice meditation. There are many educational works in pre-Qin fables and myths and legends in Liezi. For example, three stories of Liezi Society (Liezi Fu Shuo), Ji Chang Society (Liezi Tang Wen) and Xue Tan Academy (Liezi Tang Wen) tell us that in learning, we should not only know what it is, but also know why; Real skills come from hard study and hard practice; There is no end to knowledge and skills, and you can't be satisfied with learning only a little. For another example, Inheriting the Legacy (Liezi Huangdi) tells us that Qu Bei's amazing skill in catching cicadas stems from his diligent study and practice; There is even more bizarre plot of "a wife doesn't know her husband" (Liezi Tang Wen), which shows that a person can change his mind.
Edit this history
Liezi's learning originated from Huangdi and Laozi. According to legend, he once asked Guan Yinzi to worship Hu Qiuzi as a teacher, and later studied the old merchants and Zhi Bo Gaozi successively, and got their true stories, but Youbo was unconscious. After nine years of monasticism, he can walk against the wind. It is said in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio that Liezi often rides the wind to the Eight Wastes in early spring and returns to the "wind cave" in early autumn. When the wind comes, everything grows. When he goes, everything grows. "Lu Chunqiu" said: "Zi Liezi is expensive." He believes that "if a man's heart is a mirror, he should not welcome it, but should not hide it, so he can get something without hurting it." Liezi was poor and hungry, but refused the food given by Ziyang, the tyrannical ruler of Zheng State. His disciple Yan Hui asked him, "Are those who know the Tao rich?" Liezi said, "I only despise the Tao and pay attention to the profit!" " "He believes that we should get rid of the fetters of dignity and fame and fortune in the world, conform to the avenue, be indifferent to fame and fortune, and practice meditation.
Edit the list of works in this paragraph.
Liezi's works, as Liezi (including his disciples who participated in the compilation), have 20 old editions, and Liu Xiang and Liu Xin's father and son in the Western Han Dynasty have eliminated the repetition, and 8 have survived. Ten volumes of Hanshu, Records of Arts and Literature, and eight editions of Liezi. The sentence named Yu Kou was first named by Zhuangzi and Zhuangzi, and it should be eight articles compiled by Liu Xiang, Liu Xin and his son or others at the same time. But I don't know when I lost it. This version of Liezi has dozens of versions. In the front of the book, most of them are prefaces written by Liu Xiang or Zhang Zhan (a native of the Eastern Jin Dynasty). The contents of each edition are not far apart, and there are a lot of fables, folk stories, myths and legends. The will in the book is roughly the same as that of Laozi and Zhuangzi. The Interpretation of Lies and Subsets by Mr. Yang Bojun quoted the main notes of the past dynasties, and attached the preface of A Compendium of Deeds, Liu Xiang, Lu and Chen Jingyuan, as well as the collation of Liu Zongyuan, Zhu, Gao, Ye Daqing, Chen, Liang Qichao, Ma Xulun, Wu Yi Neixiong and Yang Bojun. Ming Zhihui believes that Liezi's books have roughly gone through three stages: 1, and Liezi was later compiled by his disciples according to his activities and speeches, with more than eight articles. 2. On this basis, the Han people supplemented it and became the number of eight-part essays recorded in Hanshu Yiwenzhi. 3. According to the collection of Zhang Zhan's ancestors and the incomplete volumes collected after the war. "Whether you attend school or not is complete". According to the eight articles recorded in Hanshu Yiwenzhi, this edition of Liezi was compiled. Because in the process of compilation, in order to dredge the text and connect the chapters, some of Zhang Zhan's own thoughts and some of his compiled contents will inevitably be added, so this edition of Liezi is mixed with some thoughts and languages of Wei Jin people, which is understandable. Liezi, written in three times, is inevitably miscellaneous. See the preface of Zhang Qinghua's Collection of Taoist Scriptures. Ziliezi is poor (1) and looks hungry. The guest has something to say to Zheng Ziyang (2): "Lieyukou, a man with a way, lives in your country and is very poor. Is it wrong for you to be a bad person? " Zheng Ziyang is the millet of the official legacy. Ziliezi saw the messenger and said goodbye. The messenger went and Liezi went in. His wife looked at it and said (4), "I heard that the wives of people who have the means are very happy. (5) Now I'm hungry." Leave your husband for dinner (6), and it is evil not to accept it! "My son smiled and said," you don't know me. I left my millet to human speech, and I also used human speech (7) to commit sins, and I don't accept it. "Its pawn, people killed Ziyang. Liezi lives in poverty and often looks hungry. Someone told Zi Yang, a senior official of Zheng State, "Lieyukou is a well-behaved person, but living in the country you govern is so poor. I'm afraid you don't like wise scholars? " Ziyang immediately sent officials to Liezi Su Mi. Liezi saw the gift from the official, but declined politely, repeatedly refusing to accept the gift from Ziyang. Liezi entered the house after the official left. Liezi's wife complained about him and patted her chest and said sadly, "I heard that the wives and children of virtuous people can enjoy all their happiness, but now we are hungry." "Zheng Xiangzi thought that Mr. Yang would give the rice to Mr. Yang just now, but Mr. Zheng refused to accept it. Isn't this doomed to hunger! " Liezi smiled and said to him, "Zheng Xiangzi Yang doesn't know me personally. He sent someone to send me rice and millet because of other people's comments, and when he wants to blame me, he will still rely on other people's comments, which is why I am unwilling to accept his gift. " Later, people really attacked and killed Ziyang. "One Mountain in Gong Yu" and "The Argument between Two Children" are both selected from Liezi Tang Wen. The original text of Yishan in Gong Yu is Taihang Mountain, Wuwangershan Mountain, Fiona Fang 700 Li and Wan Ren Gao, which are in the south of Jizhou and the north of Heyang. The fool in Beishan is 90 years old and lives near the mountain. Punish the mountain north, and it is awkward to go in and out. Gathered in the room, he said, "I will try my best to cross the south of Henan and reach Hanyin. Is that all right? " Vague promises. His wife raised her question: "With your strength, you will never destroy the mountains of chief fathers such as Taihang and Prince Wu. And what about mud and stones? " Zayue said, "Throw yourself at the end of Bohai Sea and the north of hidden soil." Then lead the children and grandchildren to take charge of Sanfu, knock on the stone and cultivate the soil, and transport it to the end of Bohai Sea. Shi Jing, my neighbor's widow, had a man, so she began to help him. Cold and summer are easy to celebrate, and the beginning is the opposite. Hequ stopped laughing when he realized his mistake and said, "What a pity. With the strength of age, you can't destroy a hair on the mountain. What are things like dirt and stones? " The foolish old man in Beishan said, "Your heart is firm but not broken. You were never a widow or a weakling. Although I am dead, I have a son; Children have grandchildren, and grandchildren have children; A son has a son and a son has a grandson; There are countless children and grandchildren, but the mountains do not increase. Why bother and injustice? " Hequ died knowing his mistake. The snake-drying god heard this and was afraid, so he told the emperor. Feeling sincere, the emperor ordered Kwae's second son to take charge of two mountains, one is Shuodong and the other is Yongnan. Since then, the south of Hebei and the yin of Han have never been broken. There are two mountains in Fiona Fang, Taihang Mountain and Wuwang Mountain, which are 700 miles above sea level. (These two mountains) were originally in the south of Jizhou, north of the Yellow River. Gong Yu in Beishan, nearly ninety years old, lives with his back to the mountain. Suffering from the traffic jam in the north of the mountain, I called the whole family to discuss and said, "I will try my best to dig that steep mountain with you and go all the way south to Yuzhou and reach the south bank of Hanshui, okay?" There were expressions of support for his opinion. His wife questioned: "With your strength, even a hill like Kuifu can't be cut down. What can you do with Taihang Mountain and Wuwangshan Mountain? " Besides, where do we put the excavated earth and stone? "Everyone said," throw them on the edge of the Bohai Sea, north of the Tibetan soil. "So he led his three children and grandchildren, shouldering the burden, chiseling stones and digging earth, and carried them to the edge of Bohai Sea with a dustpan. Neighbor Shi Jing's widow has an orphan who is only seven or eight years old, skipping around to help them. Winter goes and summer comes, and the seasons change. I only come back and forth. He Quzhi laughed and dissuaded Gong Yu, saying, "You are too clever. In your last few years in the world, you uprooted a grass on the mountain, and that's all you have left. What can you do with mud and stones? "The Yugong of Beishan sighed and said," You are stubborn, so stubborn that you are not sensible, even orphans and widows are inferior. "Even if I die, there is still a son; Son gives birth to grandson, grandson gives birth to son; A son has a son. A son has a grandson; There is no end to children and grandchildren. But the mountains won't increase any more, so why dig uneven? " There is nothing to answer about knowing beans in a meandering river. When the mountain god heard that Gong Yu moved mountains, he was afraid that he would continue to dig, so he reported it to the Emperor of Heaven. The emperor was moved by Yugong's sincerity. He ordered the two sons of Hercules Kwae to move two mountains, one in the east of Shuofang and the other in the south of Yongzhou. From then on, from the south of Jizhou to the south of Hanshui River, there is no mountain barrier. Theme This paper shapes the glorious image of Gong Yu in Beishan, reflects the great boldness of vision and amazing perseverance of the ancient working people in China to transform nature, and also shows that we must make up our minds and persist in struggle to overcome difficulties. Two children argued about Japan. Confucius traveled eastward and saw two children arguing and asked them why. A child said, "I think the sun is close to the sky at sunrise and far from the sky at noon." . "Another child thinks that when the sun rises, it is far from the sun, and it is closer to people at noon. A child said, "When the sun just came out, the hood of the car was as big as noon and the plate was as small as a plate. Isn't that why it's not far from the big one?" " ? " A Confucius said, "It's cool to get out of the sky at the beginning of the day, and it's like exploring soup in Japan and China. Isn't this near hot and far cold? " Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong. The two children said with a smile, "Who (shú) is more knowledgeable (wise) than you (rǔ)?" Confucius traveled eastward and saw two children quarrelling endlessly. Confucius asked them why they quarreled. A child said, "I think the sun is close to people when it first comes out, and far away from people at noon." Another child thinks that the sun is far away from people when it first comes out and close to people at noon. The first child said, "when the sun first rises, it looks like a big round cover. At noon, it looks like a plate." Isn't it far small and near big? " Another child said, "when the sun first came out, it felt cold and cold." At noon, it's as hot as putting your hand into hot water. Isn't it hotter as you get closer and colder as you get farther away? " Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong. The two children smiled and said, "Who said you were well informed?"
Edit this personal quote
"The heart of the most sincere person is like a mirror. If he doesn't welcome it, he shouldn't hide it, so he can win things without hurting them." "So, wisdom is precious and saving me is precious; Force is cheap, aggression is cheap. However, my body is not what I have, and I have to live. " "Heaven and earth are omnipotent, saints are omnipotent, and everything is omnipotent." "Not against life, He Xianshou? If you are not expensive, why envy your name? If you don't want power, why envy it? Not greedy for money, why do you want goods? " "Five emotions and four bodies are safe, the world is bitter and happy, the ancient is still today, and people are still me. Everyone still loves each other, which harms people in autumn and knows that the world is public. " "Sorrow and bitterness, escape and joy, is also. You can't go by name or be a guest. However, the wicked husband saved his life and was tired. If you are tired of keeping your name, you will be in danger and not keep it. Is it between joy and sadness? "
Edit the historical evaluation of this paragraph.
abstract
Liezi died and was buried in his hometown of Zhengzhou. In Putian Village, 30 miles east of Zhengzhou, there is a small tomb and tombstone in the southeast of the village, called Liezi Tomb. There is a tidal river in front of Liezi's tomb, followed by hills, surrounded by jujube trees, and there is a Liezi temple nearby. According to the inscription, the ancestral hall was once converted into a Buddhist temple. During the eighth year of Wanli period in Ming Dynasty (1580), when the supervisor Su visited Putian, Henan Province, he learned about this matter. On the orders of a doctor, he learned that Xu Rusheng of Zhengzhou had rebuilt the ancestral temple and set up a temple monument for Liezi. There are 15 ancestral halls, including hard mountain hall, rolling shed, left and right compartments, hall and gatehouse. It is a rectangular courtyard with several green Robinia pseudoacacia trees in front and back. The top of the main hall is inlaid with a kiss and a vase, and the tile is decorated with a round picture. The lintels and sparrows were replaced by "Today is the day of the horse", "Lion rolling hydrangea" and flower relief. There are Amin Monument and three Qing Dynasty Monuments in front of the main hall. The main hall was destroyed in 1966, and the stone tablet was pushed down and buried underground. Now there are only hard mountain buildings such as mountain gates and verandahs, which are students' classrooms.
Bagua Yufeng platform
Liezi swam against the wind before his death, and eventually became immortal and ascended to heaven, leaving Liezi's tomb and wind platform on the gossip for future generations.
. The Eight Diagrams Royal Wind Platform is an octagonal platform on the South Gaogang of Dongerlibao, Zhengzhou, with eight diagrams painted on it and Liezi statues next to it. Here, the mountains are high and the forests are dense, the clouds are lingering, and the wind blows the trees down. Standing in front of the jade peak and looking at Liezi's statue, I can really feel a little fairy. Therefore, Zhengzhou people call this kind of scenery "Guatai Fairy Scene" and list it as one of the eight scenic spots in Zhengzhou. Later generations came to see Liezi Temple, visit Yufeng Terrace, and admire the noble virtues of the sages and the style of Liezi. They can't help but praise generously and compose poems. During the Song You period, Sean Song, a native of Zhengzhou, wrote "Liezi View": "Zhu Yi's defensive merits are two articles, and he is back in the palace. So the wall of the market is broken and the dust box is empty. There is no shortage of money, but there is still wind in the clothes. You Xuan once stayed in the country. He is very noble. " Praise Liezi's noble quality: Zhengzhou people in the Qing Dynasty wrote "Dengfengtai": "The sentences I read before are now on Liezi's platform. The wind blows the spring grass green and the wild flowers bloom. The fairy returns, the shepherd boy returns. I hate Zhu Wei because of the wind. " In the 20th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty, Zhengzhou studied Yanzhao Zhu's Guatai Fairy Scene: "Jiao Jiao is always proud, but it is futile to go against the wind. Congenital hexagrams spread to turtles, and the platform was pulled up because the crane drove high. Guangdong thought that the clouds in Xiling were dark and the shadow of Bianshui was surging in the distance. Writing a book to talk about imaginary things should be praised by the history of lacquer gardens. " Write scenes and express your feelings.