(1) Delivery itself can cause new endocrine changes, accompanied by functional language disorder of autonomic nervous system. For example, the increased prostaglandin level during pregnancy decreases with delivery, which leads to maternal general mood swings. Bleeding during childbirth contributed to the above changes and made the mood fluctuate violently. After delivery, due to the discharge of placenta and the rapid atrophy of pituitary during pregnancy, the values of adrenocortical hormone and female hormone decreased sharply and gradually returned to the pre-pregnancy state, while prolactin secretion increased sharply and began to secrete milk. In short, it takes 10 hour to 8 weeks for the endocrine system centered on pituitary gland to be re-established. This drastic change is easy to cause physiological imbalance and become the pathophysiological basis of psychological disorder or psychological change for people with pituitary system defects.
(2) The psychological changes of women after delivery are very drastic. The reason is that I am under great mental pressure, physically tired, facing the heavy responsibility of caring for babies, and I think more and more about economy, health, work and rest, and family relations. As a wife, mother, daughter and daughter-in-law, I am faced with various needs at one time, so the transformation of this role and how to play each role well have become a great psychological burden. I am very sensitive to the original insignificant factors. The attitudes, actions and words of people around her, especially her husband's attitude, will have a psychological impact. Even people come to visit whether it is timely, how to treat newborns, what kind of gifts to send, and so on. , will also become a factor of mental stimulation, constitute a mental trauma.
In view of the above psychological, social and endocrine changes and interactions, postpartum mental disorders are prone to occur. Before obvious mental disorders appear, there are often precursor symptoms such as emotional instability, crying, anxiety, irritability and insomnia. After a few days, there may be various manifestations, such as neurosis, depression, mania, confusion, delirium, schizophrenia and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen postpartum mental health care, and the main measures are as follows:
First, avoid stimulation. In order to stimulate and confuse the outside world, we should be good at rationally regulating our emotions, such as reconciling emotions, eliminating anxiety and sadness, preventing panic, etc., so as to eliminate all kinds of distractions and eliminate or alleviate the psychological and physical effects of bad emotions. In other words, the parturient must exercise self-restraint, be clear-headed, be calm, avoid anger, rest, think less about raising, and be addicted to raising. Don't worry about excitement.
Family members and relatives of the parturient should also avoid using irritating language, so as not to make the parturient upset, angry and sad. Qian Xiang, a famous doctor, said in "Tips for Treating Diseases": "When you are sick, you should pay special attention to your illness, so as to turn anger into joy and sorrow into joy ... If you are worried about illness, you must say that today's spirit is better than yesterday. If you are worried about poverty, you must say that this year's income is like last year. Don't show your sadness, often hide the cost of medicine ... When you ask your loved ones about their illness, you must tell them auspicious words before going to bed. The above suggestions are concrete ways to avoid stimulation, which deserve the attention of parturient and their families.
In the seven emotions stimulation, we should pay special attention to the stimulation of lying-in women because we love men and women or women and men. If a pregnant woman likes or dislikes boys or girls, her relatives should do more persuasion to make her feel better. As doctor Chen said: "You can't ask whether the primipara is male or female, for fear of being dissuaded by words, or because of love and hate, it can all cause illness." Sun Simiao, a famous doctor in the Tang Dynasty, once said, "Don't be sad, don't worry, don't be afraid, don't laugh, don't take what you want, don't let go of your resentment ... If you can avoid committing crimes, you will live forever." These teachings are very beneficial to the maintenance of maternal spirit.
Second, we must prevent depression. Hamilton, a world-famous psychiatrist, came to the following conclusion after investigation: the number of women sent to mental hospitals within 1 month after delivery is 18 times that of women suffering from mental illness in each month of pregnancy. What a terrible conclusion, but it's true. The reason is that the puerperium is the most fragile stage in women's emotional life. It is normal for women to cry and feel unhappy within a few days after giving birth. However, behind crying and boredom, there is a kind of abnormal psychological disease that harms women's physical and mental health-postpartum depression.
The so-called maternal depression refers to a mild mental disorder that appears within a few days after delivery, lasts for a short time and can basically heal itself. Its main symptoms are: boredom, depression, crying, anxiety, insomnia, loss of appetite and irritability. In foreign countries, the incidence of this disease in pregnant women is between 50% and 80%. Generally speaking, it can be around 50% in China. At present, it is believed that the main internal cause is the endocrine disorder caused by the rapid change of maternal endocrine environment caused by childbirth; Delivery mode, pregnancy and puerperium complications, neonatal diseases, family attitude towards newborns, husband's cooperation, social assistance, etc. It is a reason that cannot be ignored.
It can be seen that postpartum mental disorder is not only a medical problem, but also a comprehensive problem of social factors and personality tendency. Postpartum depression is generally not treated with drugs. The key is to prevent and relieve symptoms and prevent serious mental illness.
The main methods to prevent postpartum depression are:
First, raise awareness. In other words, pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium are normal physiological processes for women. Once pregnant, it is necessary to understand the knowledge about pregnancy and conduct corresponding prenatal examination and consultation.
Second, be happy during pregnancy. Because pregnant women who show anxiety often have postpartum depression. Husband has the responsibility to give care and help in life and reduce mental stimulation. This will help to reduce or alleviate the occurrence of maternal depression.
Third, let the parturient have a harmonious and warm family environment, ensure adequate nutrition and sleep, and give necessary care and compensation to the wife's pain during childbirth.
If the symptoms of maternal depression have lasted for a long time, you need to use antidepressants under the guidance of a doctor.
Honesty without desire. A pure heart means a peaceful mind; No desire means less desire. This is the meaning of "nothing" in Huangdi Neijing. If you don't forget your career during childbirth and think too much, it will make your body ache and ache after childbirth. As the health care practitioner You Cheng said, "The spirit of the widowed is cool, and those who think too much are weak in qi and blood." Traditional Chinese medicine believes that excessive thinking hurts the spleen and leads to insufficient qi and blood. If blood does not nourish the heart, it will lead to forgetfulness, dreaminess and insomnia. When you have a bad temper, you don't want to eat, and your body is thin.
Fourth, be cheerful. This is especially important for pregnant women. After long-term observation, scientists found that the wounds of winners always heal faster than those of losers; Patients without mental burden will recover faster than patients with mental stress. Pavlov, a famous Russian scientist, once said: "Happiness can make you easily feel every beat and every impression of life. Physical and mental happiness can make the body develop and strengthen. " Women are full of kindness, love, hate and anxiety, and they are often unable to extricate themselves. Postpartum blood deficiency, hyperactivity of liver yang and blood failing to nourish the heart are the most likely to hurt seven emotions. Therefore, they must keep a happy spirit during childbirth, without delusion, worry, worry, sadness and fear. Anything that causes feelings should be avoided, otherwise emotional injury will lead to various gynecological diseases.