First, the practical difficulties encountered in the construction of new countryside
Since the reform and opening up, the rural economic and social development of Yanhewan Town in Ansai County has made remarkable achievements. Especially in recent years, the party and the government have implemented the policy of giving more, taking less and letting loose in rural areas, farmers' income has increased steadily and various rural construction undertakings have made great progress. However, compared with the requirements of new rural construction and the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, there are still many problems and difficulties in the overall development of agriculture and rural areas.
1, the pressure on farmers to increase their income is still great. Increasing farmers' income is the core of new rural construction, but there are many uncertain factors in agricultural production, such as drought, flood, hail, freezing injury, insect pest and animal epidemic, which determine the pressure of increasing farmers' income and industrial risks.
2. There are basically no agricultural industrialization enterprises in Yanhewan Town at present, and it is impossible to establish a close linkage mechanism with farmers, which greatly restricts the development of agricultural industrialization.
3. Rural labor transfer is difficult. The exported labor force is mainly young adults with junior high school education or above. The labor force in my hometown is older, with low education and no professional skills, so it is difficult to transfer to the secondary and tertiary industries.
4. Rural infrastructure is quite weak and information is relatively blocked. In recent years, Yanhewan Town has attached great importance to rural transportation, water conservancy and other infrastructure construction, and basically achieved the goal of connecting oil roads to every village. However, due to its location in mountainous areas, the traffic in some Guaigou villages is still inconvenient, which is not conducive to the spread of information media such as newspapers and magazines. Although the telephone penetration rate is very high, the Internet penetration rate, which is the richest and fastest information dissemination, is still very low, basically in a blank and semi-blank state. The backward rural infrastructure and information occlusion have seriously affected farmers' production and life.
5. Some villages have basically not carried out scientific construction planning, and the location of farmers' houses follows the history, and they are built everywhere, which is rather messy. Some farmers have ordinary stone kilns and some old earth kilns, so the safety factor is not high. At the same time, farmers' awareness of environmental protection is low, and crop by-products, fertilizers, etc. They are piled up at will, resulting in poor sanitation and poor living environment in villages and lanes.
6, rural health care, social security and other social undertakings lag behind, and the development level is generally low. A serious illness of farmers often means returning to poverty. At the same time, the level of rural medical staff is low, and the medical and health situation is also worrying.
7. The comprehensive quality of farmers needs to be improved. The main body of building a new socialist countryside is farmers. However, due to the long-term influence of social and economic conditions, the development of rural social undertakings lags behind, and the education level of farmers is generally low. Moreover, judging from the current situation, most young adults with education and skills go out to engage in secondary and tertiary industries, and most of them stay in the countryside normally, such as children, the elderly and women. Relatively speaking, farmers are poorly educated and lack professional skills and knowledge of law, science and technology and market economy. Feudal superstition, gambling, destruction of resources, early childbearing, clan power, social contradictions and other phenomena incompatible with modern civilization are still widespread in rural areas.
Second, the new rural construction ideas and countermeasures
According to the requirements of Scientific Outlook on Development, starting from the reality of Yanhewan Town, the general idea of building a new countryside in the coming period is: supported by modern agriculture and traditional breeding in fruit and livestock sheds, focusing on rural infrastructure such as water circuit communication, public welfare facilities and ecological environment construction, focusing on the optimization and transformation of human settlements suitable for farmers' production and life, focusing on the construction of village-level organizations and farmers' cultivation, and focusing on the creation of mass harmonious culture and spiritual civilization, making efforts to promote the steady realization of "production" in rural society in the whole town. Around this idea, we will focus on the following work:
1. Start with making the characteristic industries bigger and stronger, and increase farmers' income.
Developing production is the basis of promoting the construction of new socialist countryside. Under the condition of market economy, the core of development is to cultivate characteristic industries, give play to regional comparative advantages, and promote the regionalization and large-scale development of advantageous agricultural products. Due to the unique geographical and ecological environment, many agricultural products such as apples, greenhouse vegetables, grapes, watermelons and other products have great advantages in the county and even the whole city. Therefore, we must vigorously develop characteristic agriculture and ecological agriculture, enlarge and strengthen superior agricultural products, form regional leading industries and pillar industries as soon as possible, and concentrate on cultivating agricultural brands, so as to enhance the market competitiveness of agricultural production along the Yanhewan River, increase farmers' income, and promote the leap-forward development of agriculture and rural economy.
2. Starting from accelerating the construction of rural infrastructure, we will focus on improving the production and living environment of farmers.
The lag of infrastructure and public services has become the biggest bottleneck restricting the current new rural construction. It is necessary to increase investment and construction, promote social public resources to tilt to the countryside, extend public facilities to the countryside, cover public services to the countryside, and radiate urban civilization to the countryside, so as to create good production and living conditions for farmers and let them directly enjoy the benefits brought by the construction of new countryside. Diezigou Village enjoys a superior geographical position, with Baomao Expressway and Provincial Highway 206 passing through the village, convenient transportation and unique location advantages. However, in recent years, due to the lag of infrastructure, the development of economy and various undertakings has been seriously restricted. In 2007, Diezigou village took infrastructure construction as the breakthrough of new rural construction, and successively invested 3,698,200 yuan in infrastructure and public welfare facilities. At the same time, in the transformation of old villages, the village renovation work was steadily promoted, and four reforms of "changing roads, toilets, houses and circles" were implemented, so that farmers could "walk on flat roads, go to sanitary toilets and live in clean houses". And actively carry out comprehensive environmental improvement, so that rural areas can gradually reach the "five standards", that is, "road hardening, village greening, courtyard purification, environmental beautification and ecological optimization." The new cultural square and the purchase of fitness equipment have also promoted the development of secondary and tertiary industries such as transportation and catering services in the village and achieved good results. 3. Starting from improving the comprehensive quality of farmers, we should vigorously shape new farmers and advocate harmonious and civilized rural customs.
On the basis of popularizing compulsory education in rural areas, according to the requirements of the development of characteristic industries, we will strengthen farmers' skills training in getting rich and education in market economy knowledge, policies and regulations, especially ecological agricultural technologies such as greenhouse planting and fruit tree planting, by using various effective forms such as expert training, on-site guidance of technicians and audio-visual education in party member, so as to make them become new farmers with "culture, technology and management"; Advocate a healthy, civilized and scientific way of life, constantly get rid of feudal superstition, family values, the idea of not making progress, and being safe when you are small, integrate various resources, vigorously carry out scientific and cultural activities to go to the countryside, use various carriers, open up channels, spread advanced culture, occupy rural cultural positions with healthy and progressive mass cultural and sports activities, enrich the cultural life of the masses and improve the quality of life; We will improve village rules and regulations, carry out in-depth civic moral education with the socialist concept of honor and disgrace, honesty and law-abiding, civilization and friendship as the main contents, strive to improve farmers' moral level, civilization and comprehensive quality, and gradually form a new cultural trend of respecting the elderly and caring for the young, equality between men and women, family harmony and neighborhood harmony in rural areas.
4. Starting with strengthening rural grass-roots organizations, we will provide strong organizational guarantee for the construction of new countryside, ensure that rural grass-roots party branches play an active role in the construction of new countryside, and become the leading core of building a new socialist countryside in an all-round way. Therefore, we must first pay close attention to the construction of village-level teams. According to the "five good" standards, we should work hard to select the best and match the strong at the village level. Encourage outstanding party member and scientific and technological leaders to run for village cadres according to law, and enhance the ability of party member and village cadres to take the lead in getting rich and lead the masses to get rich. We should attach great importance to the position construction of grass-roots organizations. Seize the opportunity, carefully implement the construction of village-level organization activity venues, adhere to both construction and management, and pay attention to giving full play to actual results, so as to make it a classroom for policy propaganda, a classroom for party spirit education, a place for adjusting contradictions and maintaining stability, a center for scientific and technological training, a center for information transmission, a platform for training models, exchanging experiences, leisure and entertainment, a square for serving the masses and making decisions, and a square for rallying team positions, which really plays an important role in promoting the construction of new countryside; Further rationalize the decision-making mechanism of rural grassroots organizations. Establish and improve the decision-making procedures of party branches, villagers' congresses and villagers' committees; We will fully implement the system of village affairs openness and sunshine finance openness, and make public issues of concern to the masses, such as the examination and approval of homesteads, subsistence allowances, and returning farmland to forests. And accept the supervision of the masses to ensure farmers' right to know, participate, manage and supervise, establish a scientific evaluation system, strictly examine and review, and clarify rewards and punishments, so as to achieve the purpose of encouraging the advanced, urging the backward and promoting the construction of new countryside; It is necessary to vigorously carry out the educational activities on the theme of "building a strong defense line, keeping clean and shaping the image", enhance the cohesion and combat effectiveness of party branches, and provide a strong organizational guarantee for the construction of new countryside.
(About the author: Kang Qi, Associate Professor of Party School of Yan 'an Municipal Committee)