At the end of 18, the great German athlete Dawson gave a sensational performance in London Concert Hall. His developed muscles and harmonious figure, like a perfect artistic statue, fascinated thousands of audiences, thus creating a precedent for bodybuilding.
In the 1920s, influential monographs such as "The Law of Muscle Development" and "The Secret of Strength" theoretically affirmed the role of bodybuilding. Since 1930s, bodybuilding performance has gradually become a competitive competition in some European and American countries, and spread to all parts of the world. In the early 1940s, the Wade Brothers of Canada traveled around more than 90 countries and regions to promote bodybuilding, and established the International Bodybuilding Federation on 1946, and agreed and implemented the organization, rules, judges and awards of international bodybuilding competitions.
Now, many countries have joined the International Bodybuilding Federation.
Bodybuilding (the art of showing muscles) did not really appear before 19 century; It was not until the late19th century that Eugen Sando, a Prussian, began to popularize this sport. He is called "the father of modern bodybuilding". Because he let the audience appreciate his physique in the "muscle show", he is known as the pioneer of this sport. Although the audience is shocked to see a perfect figure, people usually show their bodies as part of strength show and wrestling competition. Shandao, through his agent Florenz Siegfried, built a stage around these exhibitions and competitions and achieved great success. Later, he founded many enterprises by his own fame, and he was one of the first representatives who took his personal name as a commercial brand. Subsequently, his popularity continued to increase, and he invented and sold the first batch of fitness equipment (mechanized dumbbells, spring tensioners and tension belts) on a large scale.
The mountain road strongly advocates "Greek aesthetics" (this aesthetic standard means that a perfect physique should mathematically conform to the size ratio of human statues in ancient Greece and Rome). In the early days, people often used this standard to measure whether their physique is perfect, which is also the standard for mountain roads to shape their bodies. Shandao organized the first bodybuilding contest on1901September 14, which was called the "contest". I don't think the word "fierce competition" covers everything. Great has another meaning, such as grandeur, greatness and kindness, so I use the Chinese word "great" instead. The competition was judged by Yamato himself, Sir charles rolls and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The competition was a great success, tickets were snapped up, and hundreds of sports fans could only watch and sigh. The trophy awarded to the winner is a bronze statue of Yamato himself, which was completed by the sculptor Frederick Pomeroy. The winner of the competition is William L. Murray from Nottingham, England. The top bodybuilding competition today is "Mr. Olympia". Starting from 1977, the winner's trophy is the same bronze statue of Yamato himself as the first bodybuilding competition in history.
190465438+1October 16, the first large-scale bodybuilding competition was held in Madison Square, new york, USA. The winner is Al Treloar, who won the title of "the most perfect man in the world". Trey Royal won a prize of 1000. This was an expensive sum at that time. Two weeks later, Thomas Edison made a mannequin movie of Al Trelawney. In previous years, Edison also made two films for mountain roads, which was the first record to make bodybuilding into a film. At the beginning of the 20th century, Bernarr mcphee and Charles Atlas continued to spread bodybuilding to the world. Alois P. Swoboda was a pioneer of early American bodybuilding, and Charles Atlas praised him and said, "I learned everything from Charles Atlas".
65，438+0， Other famous bodybuilders in the early history of 930 years ago included Earl Lidman (some of the earliest bodybuilding guide writers), Segmond Breitbart (a famous Jewish bodybuilder), Georg Hackenschmitt, George F Jowett, Maxik (the pioneer of human modeling), Monte Sardo, Launceston Elliott, Sigmund Klein, and others. Lionel Strongfortism (a comprehensive theory covering training, diet and even daily hygiene), Gustav Fristensky (Czech champion)
Golden period
The "golden age" of bodybuilding generally refers to the period from 1940 to 1970. During this period, the early aesthetics began to change, people pursued bigger muscles, and put forward higher requirements for muscle symmetry and contour clarity. This is largely due to the outbreak of World War II, which led many young people to pursue stronger physique and stronger personality. They achieve these goals by improving training skills, improving nutrition levels and using more effective equipment. Many influential publications have also begun to appear, and new competitions should also rise with the development of bodybuilding.
The "muscle beach" in Venice, California is a symbol of bodybuilding in this period. Celebrities in bodybuilding during this period include Stephen? Steve Reeves (famous for playing Hercules (the famous Hercules in Greek mythology) and other ancient Hercules heroes), Reg? Reg Park, John? Grimmeke, Riley? Larry Scott, Bill? Bill Pearl and "Little Angel" Elvin? Coetzee (Owen "Zabo" Koszewski).
With the rise of Amateur Athletics Association (AAU), AAU added bodybuilding to the existing weightlifting competition in 1939, and the event was named "Mr. AAU America" the following year. Around the 1940s, most bodybuilders began to complain that AAU only allowed amateurs to participate in competitions and only focused on Olympic weightlifting. This prompted the Wade brothers-Ben? Wade and Joe? Wade initiated and organized the International Bodybuilding Federation (IFBB). Their competition "IFBB America" is open to professional players.
1950, another competition named National Amateur Fitness Association began to be held in Britain as "Mr. Naba Universe". 1965, another highlight, Mr. Olympia. At present, "Mr. Olympia" is the top competition in bodybuilding.
At first, only men participated in bodybuilding competitions. Later 1965, Na Ba began to join Miss Universe, 1980, and introduced Miss Olympia.
Modern period (after 1970s)
In the 1970s, because of Arnold? Schwarzenegger's film Weightlifting and Bodybuilding has attracted a lot of public attention. Prior to this, IFBB played a dominant role in this sport, while the National Association of Universities took a back seat.
198 1 year, Jim? As soon as Magnod stepped down as the chairman of the American University Sports Committee, he established the National Sports Committee (NPC). NPC began to become the most successful bodybuilding organization in America, which is an amateur department of IFBB. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, bodybuilding events sponsored by AAU went from bad to worse. 1999, AAU voted to stop the bodybuilding competition.
During this period, steroids began to be used more and more in bodybuilding and other sports. In order to resist this phenomenon, IFBB began to introduce a drug detection system for steroids and other prohibited substances, which is also to allow IFBB to be accepted as a member of the International Olympic Committee. Despite the drug testing system, most professional bodybuilders continue to use steroids to compete. In the 1970s, people could openly discuss the use of steroids because it was completely legal at that time. However, the Steroid Control Act passed by the US Congress in 1990 listed steroids as the third category of controlled goods in the Controlled Goods Act.
1990, founder of professional wrestling team Vince? Vincent McMann announced the establishment of a new bodybuilding organization, the World Bodybuilding Federation (WBF). McMahon hopes to bring World Wrestling Federation (WWF)-style performances and more generous bonuses into the bodybuilding industry, and signed lucrative contracts with 13 athletes. In fact, some of them were just nobody in the fitness industry at that time. Athletes who joined WBF soon gave up IFBB. In response to the establishment of WBF, IFBB Chairman Ben? Ben Weider blacklists bodybuilders who have signed contracts with WBF. IFBB also secretly stopped the steroid drug testing system for its athletes, because it was too difficult for IFBB to fight against the newly established organization that did not conduct drug testing. 1992, the FBI began to investigate Vince? In the case of McMahon and WBF organization suspected of steroid trading, McMahon was forced to set up a drug testing system for WBF athletes. Results The competition quality of WBF in that year was very poor (-_-#). McMahon officially dissolved WBF in July 1992. The reason may be that his pay-per-view income from broadcasting WBF competitions and the sales of WBF publication "Bodybuilding Lifestyle" (later became WBF magazine) are not optimistic. Coupled with multiple 6-digit contracts, twice-monthly TV broadcasts and monthly magazine distribution, the establishment of WBF WBF has two benefits for IFBB athletes: First, it encourages IFBB founder Joe? Wade signed contracts with many top bodybuilders; Second, it prompted IFBB to increase the signing bonus, Joe? Wade finally asked those athletes who signed with WBF to pay 10% of their annual salary in WBF as a fine and return to IFBB.
At the beginning of 2 1 century, IFBB tried to promote bodybuilding as an Olympic event. In 2000, IFBB became a full member of the International Olympic Committee, and tried to make bodybuilding a regular event by showing events for the Olympic Games, but it failed in the end. Whether bodybuilding conforms to the definition of Olympic sports is still controversial. Some people think that the process of bodybuilding competition does not involve sports competition. In addition, there is always an illusion that bodybuilding competitions will definitely involve steroids strictly prohibited by the Olympic Games. Proponents believe that the modeling competition in bodybuilding requires skill and preparation, so bodybuilding should be regarded as a sport.
In 2003, Joe? Wade sold Wade Publications, Inc. to AMI, American Media, Inc., which published The National Inquirer. Wade was re-elected as the chairman of IFBB. In 2004, Wayne, the organizer of Mr. Olympia's competition? Demule suddenly left IFBB, and the game was hosted by Amy.
Fitness status quo
As a sport easily accepted by the public, fitness is extremely popular under the linkage of domestic and urban economy, and the market prospect is quite promising. Fitness programs are also developing rapidly in China. In recent years, there have been more than hundreds of competitions in cities all over the country, but it is rare for the state to directly organize and participate in the competitions in the form of clubs.