First, we should pay attention to choosing the right sports.
As far as the region (middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River) is concerned, the project selection is as follows:
The most suitable exercise
Various forms of long-distance running, wrestling with national characteristics, sports games (such as hopscotch, etc. ), martial arts, aerobics, group dance, etc.
Single or multiple people skipping rope, rubber band jumping, kicking shuttlecock (shuttlecock), hula hoop, flying saucer, table tennis (indoor), badminton (indoor), football and other sports are not too intense, and the number of participants is variable, so there is no need to wait.
Optional item
Sports games (jumping "goat") table tennis (outdoor), badminton (outdoor), basketball, volleyball, martial arts (equipment), sports games (tires, etc. ) Be fully prepared, put safety first, and prevent sports injuries.
Items that are not suitable for use
High jump, long jump, running and chasing.
Iron instruments such as horizontal bar, parallel bars, pole climbing and throwing.
Try to reduce the cold stimulation, and don't exercise too hard.
Second, the preparatory activities should be fully effective.
In winter, people's exercise system is slow to respond, and the inertia of circulatory system and nervous system increases. It is easy to feel uncomfortable and the probability of sports injury increases when they take part in strenuous exercise immediately. It may lead to muscle strain or joint injury, and may also cause dizziness, nausea, vomiting and other discomfort symptoms due to the rapid heartbeat. Therefore, before taking part in strenuous exercise, we must make full preparations to fully mobilize muscles and joints, and the activities of internal organs such as heart and lung can meet the needs of exercise and improve the excitement of nervous system, blood circulation and material metabolism. Personally speaking, it should be fever, slight sweating, joint stretching and refreshing. When you start activities in this way, you will feel strong, energetic and not afraid of the cold.
In physical education teaching, you can generally use sports such as middle-speed running, skipping rope and games, and then do warm-up exercises and special warm-up activities. For well-trained or clear-headed students, fixed forms of preparatory activities can be adopted; For ordinary students, the form of lesson preparation activities should be changed and fresh, so that the activities can be effective.
Third, the organization of physical education class in winter.
In low-intensity and low-antagonism sports, the preparation time can be relatively short, and sometimes you can directly enter the activity. Teachers mainly regulate the students who participate in the activities to ensure that students can fully exercise, ensure the atmosphere of the activities and deal with the problems in the activities.
In sports with relatively high intensity and antagonism, the preparatory activities should be sufficient and not simplified at all, and more attention should be paid to special preparatory activities. For example, in basketball teaching competition, students' wrists, fingers, ankles and other easily injured parts must be carefully prepared to minimize the probability of sports injuries.
Teachers should consider the characteristics of winter climate in teaching and students' practice, pay attention to time when explaining and demonstrating, and students should stand opposite each other. It is best to divide the contents that need to be explained and demonstrated into several paragraphs reasonably. First, explain and demonstrate quickly and completely, and then explain and demonstrate the problems in the students' exercises at an appropriate time in the activity. The time of each explanation and demonstration should be short, and students should not only speak and do it themselves, but also listen and watch it in the cold wind, which is not effective.
The self-regulation ability of junior middle school students is limited, so teachers should teach sports common sense in time in sports. Many students don't know how to undress according to their own exercise situation. After class, they find that their clothes are completely soaked, and they are prone to catch a cold after exercise. Students feel thirsty after strenuous exercise. Generally, people like to drink cold water, and what's more, they use cold water as a punch. Teachers should remind students in time to prevent excessive sweating and explain the scientific methods of hydrating during exercise.
Not all students like sports. Students who don't like sports in Spring and Autumn are easy to deal with, and they won't get hurt even if they don't exercise. Winter is different. If the routine management of the school is strict, even if you don't like sports, you should stand on the playground for a class. Teachers should treat students who don't like sports artistically, try their best to mobilize their sports organs, and "coax, scare, cheat and cheat" everything. Take them to participate in sports, experience sports, and gradually like sports, at least force them to exercise, to prevent colds from increasing their negative experience of sports.
Fourth, organize and summarize, and relax according to time.
Tidying up and relaxing is essential. The assembly speed should be fast, and the molding need not be strict. It's easy to stand on scattered points. After hearing the signal, students can choose a suitable position within 2-6 meters near the teacher and stand up quickly. Minimize students' waiting time.
For physical education class, who has little exercise intensity, the summary must be concise, and the students' mutual evaluation can be left after class. Let the students finish a class in a very comfortable state and leave a memory for the students.
For physical education class, where the intensity of exercise is relatively high, it is necessary to organize activities carefully, especially to keep warm after exercise, and not to let a section of physical education class come down, so as to improve health and catch more colds.
The focus of the summary should be on the quality of will before exercise, physical adaptation during exercise and self-protection after exercise. By comparing the physical quality and psychological state of students who are active and unwilling to exercise, students can be guided and encouraged to participate in winter sports activities and lay a good foundation for their physique.