1, Edison "reading"

-reading and learning should have "goals" and "ambitions"

Edison, a great scientist, was regarded as an "imbecile" in his childhood, and left school after only three months of schooling. At the age of twelve, he became a newsboy on the train. The train stops in Detroit for several hours every day, so he spends time studying in the biggest library in this city. Rain or wind, it won't stop. At that time, he wandered freely in the sea of books at will, reading one book after another, with no direction or goal. One day, Edison was burying his head in a book when a gentleman came up and asked, "How many books have you read?" Edison replied, "I have read fifteen feet." Hearing this, Mr. Wang smiled and said, "How can this be considered reading?" The book you just read is completely different from the one you are reading now. On what principle did you choose this book? " Edison answered honestly, "I read them in the order of the books on the shelf." I want to read all the books in this library one by one. "Mr. Wang said seriously," you have great ambitions. "However, without specific goals, the learning effect will not be good." These words touched Edison greatly and became a turning point in establishing his learning direction. According to his hobbies, interests and professional goals, he gradually narrowed his reading scope to natural science, paying special attention to electricity and mechanics. Directional reading finally enabled him to master systematic and solid knowledge and become a great scientific inventor.

Learn with ambition and clear goals. As college students entering the 2 1 century, their learning goals should be more clear and ambitious.

Practice has proved that the key to learning success lies in the correct direction, clear goals and unremitting pursuit towards the established goals. However, it is difficult to learn to change your mind.

2. Tao Yuanming's "pointing out the maze"

There is no shortcut to learning.

A scholar wants to have profound knowledge, but he doesn't want to study hard, so he goes to the famous poet Tao Yuanming at that time to find a shortcut to reading. After explaining his purpose, Tao Yuanming led the scholar to his paddy field and pointed to the rice, saying, "Do you take a closer look at whether the rice has grown taller?" The scholar looked at it for a long time, but his eyes were sour and he didn't see the change of rice. Tao Yuanming said, "Then why did the rice seedlings in spring become the feet-high rice now?"

Tao Yuanming led the scholar to a grindstone by the river and asked; "Why is there a saddle-shaped concave surface in the middle of the millstone?" The scholar said, "It's worn out." Tao Yuanming then asked, "When did you grind it?"

Tao Yuanming said: "Do you understand the truth of learning these two things? Diligence is like a seedling in spring, it will grow sturdily day by day without increasing it; Dropping out of school is like a whetstone. If you don't see its harm, you will lose money every day! "

Indeed, there is no shortcut to learning. This is just as Mr. Lu Xun, a great writer, thinker and revolutionary in China, said: "Great achievements are directly proportional to efforts. Work hard and you will get something. Over time, from less to more, it will create miracles. "

3. Franklin's road to success

-study with perseverance and confidence.

In the life of college students, we often hear complaints of one kind or another: complaining about being born at an inappropriate time, complaining about not having a good family, complaining about not laying a good foundation for study in the past, and so on. Is this the right idea? Let's look at the success of the great physicist Franklin.

Franklin was born into a craftsman's family. His father made soap and candles, and his mother gave birth to seventeen children. He is the youngest. With a large family and a heavy financial burden, Franklin was dragged back to work by his father in the third grade of elementary school, cutting wicks, making candles and doing coolies. Later, his father saw that he loved reading, so he sent him to the printing factory run by Franklin's brother as a printer. Faced with such bad luck, he didn't give in, but "persevered in unfavorable and difficult encounters" (Beethoven's language). For example, in order to have books to read, he made friends with the guy in a small bookstore not far from the printing house, and discussed with him, quietly borrowed the books before the bookstore closed, and returned them in front of the door the next day, so as not to let the boss know. In this way, Franklin went to work during the day and studied late into the night every night.

Franklin's success tells us that life has many inspirations, the most important of which is:

"Remember, the harder the environment, the more perseverance and confidence are needed, and the greater the harm of slacking off" (Tolstoy).

4. "Photos of Lenin"

-"concentrate" on learning.

Lenin, the great proletarian revolutionary tutor, showed amazing performance in eliminating external interference in his study. Once, a photographer walked into Lenin's office, and Lenin was absorbed in reading the newspaper. The photographer unhurriedly installed a heavy camera, took some photos, and then disassembled it to go out. Lenin didn't know. Later, photos were published in the newspaper. Lenin was surprised and said, "Where did they get the photos?"

Lenin was a great proletarian revolutionary and was busy with everything. He is good at abandoning all external or internal interference so that he can concentrate on his study and work.

Concentrate on your studies and achieve something. The secret of success lies in the obsession and devotion to learning. Investment is the most important internal factor to obtain good learning effect. The ancients said: "There are three ways to read: heart, eyes and mouth." College students must cultivate anti-interference ability and concentrate on reading.

Confucius learned to play the piano.

-learning must be improved.

Confucius once learned to play the piano from Shi Xiangzi.

Teacher Xiangzi taught a piece of music, and Confucius practiced it carefully. Ten days later, Shi Xiangzi said, "You have almost learned. Learn another song! " Confucius said, "I only studied music, but I haven't mastered the skills of playing."

After a while, Shi Xiangzi said; "You have mastered the playing skills, so you can learn another piece of music." Confucius said, "The thoughts and feelings expressed in this piece have not been realized yet!"

After a while, Shi Xiangzi said, "You have played all the thoughts and feelings expressed in this piece. It's time to learn a new tune. " Confucius said again; "I haven't figured out what kind of person this music is about?"

Shi Xiangzi sat down next to Confucius, listened carefully for a while, and said happily, "From the sound of the piano you played, I seem to see a person thinking seriously. He has a broad mind and looks to the north. " Confucius said excitedly, "I don't think there is anyone but King Wen." Shi Xiangzi was overjoyed. "My teacher said this song was called Cao."

This story vividly shows Confucius' learning attitude of being diligent in thinking and willing to use his brain and his rigorous and exquisite academic spirit.

6 Li Zhengdao's "Talking about Mapping"

-the focus of learning is to cultivate ability.

Professor Li Zhengdao, a famous Chinese-American physicist, visited China University of Science and Technology on May 2nd. When discussing with the students in the juvenile class, he said: "The exam is only a test of one's memory and operational skills. This is not the focus of learning, but the focus of learning is to cultivate ability. "

At that time, Professor Li asked, "Which one of you is a student in Shanghai?"

"I am." A young college student replied.

"Are you familiar with the roads in Shanghai?"

"Almost all are familiar."

"That's good. I will find another classmate who has never been to Shanghai. "

"That's good. I will find another classmate who has never been to Shanghai. " Professor Li pointed to another young college student and said; It's good. For example, you have never been to Shanghai. Now I'll give you a map of Shanghai and tell you that the content of tomorrow's exam is to draw a map of Shanghai and ask the names of all the main streets. Then, Professor Li turned to the Shanghai classmate and said, But I won't tell you. The next day, I asked you two to draw a map. You all said, which of them drew the map better? "

The students invariably pointed to the classmate who had never been to Shanghai and said in unison; "Of course he paints better."

"Everyone is right!" Professor Li is very excited. Continue; "Although he has never been to Shanghai, he can accurately mark the street names. However, the next day, if you take them to the center of Shanghai, suppose all the street signs in Shanghai are removed. Who do you think can walk out of the center of Shanghai? "

The students all laughed and the answer was obvious.

Professor Li said: "When we engage in scientific research, we just walk where there are no signboards. Only by walking more can you get familiar with it. Although your drawing is very good, you can get 100 in the exam. But you can't go out. So real learning is to cultivate the ability to walk where there is no' street sign' and finally go out. This is the most essential thing of learning. " "Real learning is to cultivate your ability to walk where there are no street signs." How incisive and profound this sentence is! Professor Li is a famous physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics. His words tell us that exam results are not a sign to measure the quality of study, and the fundamental difference between good and bad study lies in ability.

Therefore, we should pay attention to cultivating various learning abilities to meet the needs of innovative talents in the knowledge economy and information age.

7 Einstein's "independent thinking"

-learning should give priority to cultivating the ability of "independent thinking"

Einstein, a famous German physicist, has made great contributions in many departments of physics, the most important of which is the establishment of the theory of relativity, which reveals the dialectical relationship between space and time and deepens people's understanding of matter and motion. Whether in science or philosophy, it has important historical significance.

How does this so-called "super" clever scientist think about problems?

1922, when Einstein arrived in the United States, many curious Americans asked him many questions:

Do you remember the speed of sound?

How can you write down a lot of things?

Do you write everything down in your notebook and take it with you?

Einstein replied, "I never bring a notebook." I often relax my thinking and concentrate all my energy on the problems I want to study. " As for you asking me, what is the speed of sound? It is difficult for me to answer you accurately now. I have to look it up in the dictionary. Because I never remember what is printed in the dictionary, my memory is used to remember what is not in the book. "

Einstein's answer surprised those Americans. Today's reading also gave us a lot of inspiration. An important reason for Einstein's success is that he not only has extraordinary independent thinking ability, but also attaches great importance to the cultivation of this ability. In On Education, he wrote: "The educational goal of a school should be to cultivate people who act and think independently", and "developing the general ability of independent thinking and independent judgment should always be given priority."

Galileo's chandelier

-Learning should be good at "thinking" and "exploring"

The ancients said, "You can't achieve your studies without deep thinking.". Einstein also said: "Learning knowledge should be good at thinking, thinking and rethinking. This is how I became a scientist. " In the process of learning, there are many things worth thinking, exploring and discovering in textbooks and reference books. It can not only improve our ability to analyze and solve problems, but also bring endless fun to our study and life. Galileo, a great scientist, discovered that the isochronous principle of pendulum is an example.

One day, Galileo went to the church in Pisa. While praying in the church, Galileo was deeply attracted by the oil lamp hanging from the top of the church. It turns out that the chandelier may swing back and forth because of the wind. He observed for a long time and found that the light was swinging rhythmically. Although the amplitude of the swing is different, the round trip time is roughly the same. This phenomenon inspired his thinking and exploration.

How to prove that his observation is correct? He thinks that people's pulse beats evenly, so he feels the pulse and watches the light swing. Sure enough, he tested it, and the chandelier swung for exactly the same time. Go home. He continued his experiment. He found two ropes of the same length, each with the same weight of lead, and asked the godfather to help him with the experiment. The test results show that although the two ropes have different starting points, they swing for exactly the same time and return to the vertical line at the same time. In this way, Galileo started from an accidental life phenomenon and revealed the rhythm law of nature through thinking and exploration. It tells us that there are many phenomena in nature and social life that are worth exploring. If we are not curious about the things around us, if we don't think and explore the phenomena around us deeply, just as we are indifferent to the phenomenon of swinging chandeliers, then the happiness of creating success may slip away from us again and again.

9 Zheng Banqiao's "doubt" and "doubt"

-Learn to "dare to doubt and be willing to ask questions"

Zheng Banqiao, one of the eight eccentrics in Yangzhou in Qing Dynasty, has an interesting story.

It is said that when Zheng Banqiao was ten years old, he studied in a private school in Xinghua Town, Yangzhou. He was smart, agile, thoughtful and curious, and all his teachers liked him very much. One year at the end of spring, my teacher and I went to the wild and soon came to a stone bridge. Sharp-eyed Zheng Banqiao suddenly found the body of a little girl under the bridge and shouted, "Teacher, look, there is a dead man under the bridge." . The teacher leaned down and saw the body of a young girl floating in the water, but it was blocked by a big stone and was not washed away. On closer inspection, the woman wore a pink dress and a green skirt, and her hair fluctuated with it, and her face remained unchanged, as if she had just fallen into the water. Seeing this, the teacher deeply regretted it and wrote a poem with it. The poem is: "Twenty-eight women are more charming, and the wind blows off the bridge. Three souls follow the waves and seven souls are full of waves. " Banqiao listened to the teacher and said respectfully, "Is there anything wrong with the teacher's poem?" The teacher was not surprised. According to Banqiao's usual understanding, this student always makes sense. Then he asked Yan, "What's the matter?" Banqiao asked the teacher three questions: "How do you know this girl is sixteen? How do you know she was blown off the bridge by the wind? How did you see her three souls and seven souls turn over with the waves? " The teacher can't answer this question. The teacher paused for a long time before saying, "In your opinion, how should this poem be changed?" Zheng Banqiao thought for a moment, then changed a few words, and the poem became like this: "Who has a beautiful girl? Why did she fall off the bridge?" Hair turns with the waves and is full of waves. "At this time, teachers and classmates praised the poem for being well changed. He dares to doubt and is willing to ask questions, which is indeed a good quality of a scholar. Therefore, Zheng Banqiao himself said, "Learning without asking, although studying thousands of books, is just a pure Hannah".

The ancients said: "There is no doubt that students make progress in doubt." Modern college students should dare to doubt and be willing to ask questions like Zheng Banqiao. To cultivate your ability to ask sensitive questions, always ask why. This is because "learning begins with thinking, and thinking begins with doubt."

10 Su Qiaoyong "Qibu"

-learning should be good at making full use of "little by little" time.

Mr. Su, a famous mathematician in China, former honorary president of Fudan University and honorary professor of Beijing Normal University, was over eighty years old in the 1980s. Although he holds several posts, he still finds time to do scientific research and write books. How did he do it?

Professor Su often thinks about "rags".

Su Lao is good at using time skillfully and improving the utilization rate of time. After getting up every morning, he does aerobics, reads ancient poems, and then listens to china national radio's news broadcast. If there is a meeting in the morning, the time after breakfast will be spent reading documents. Before going to bed at night, he should keep some diaries. Time for walking and chatting is sometimes used to conceive poems. After the weekly schedule is full, Su Lao can also meet reporters, receive journalists' visits and have discussions with friends. In his place, time is fully utilized.

Professor Su cherishes time like gold, and his rigorous academic spirit will surely become a deliberate incentive for our college students who are determined to become talents.

1 1 China's uncooked rice

-learning must be "step by step"

Learning must be gradual. "Hua's uncooked rice" is two typical examples.

Hua, a famous mathematician in China, had a similar experience. When he taught himself high school courses, he often became impatient and kept accelerating. As a result, what he learned became "raw food". This lesson made him realize that one-sided pursuit of speed does not conform to the dialectics of reading and must be gradual. Later, he would rather study slowly and practice more in school, and it took him five or six years to finish the high school courses. High school curriculum seems to be slow to learn, but because of its solid learning, it brings convenience to the later study of university curriculum. Not long after he arrived in Tsinghua, he began to attend graduate classes.

The ancients said, "The trouble for a scholar is that he will not go backwards as long as he advances. The farther he went, the less he could see the difference. If he doesn't regress, he can read it carefully. " This is very reasonable, that is to say, learning to read should be down-to-earth, from shallow to deep, step by step, and sometimes review frequently, so as to gain solid knowledge by temporary retrogression.

12 Lu Xun's "Rummaging"

-Learning should be "widely read"

Mr. Lu Xun attaches great importance to extensive reading. He has a habit of extensive reading, which is called "browsing casually", that is, browsing ordinary newspapers and magazines easily, sometimes choosing one or several articles from a book to read, and sometimes even just looking at the catalogue.

As the saying goes, a stone can't build a pyramid, and a piece of wood can't build Luoyang Bridge. With the rapid development of science today, the learning mode of "turning a deaf ear to things outside the window and reading only professional books" is no longer suitable for the cultivation of modern talents. Extensive reading is not only a lofty learning method for college students, but also an objective requirement of the challenge of knowledge economy and innovation and technological revolution.

13 Hua's "Imaginary Reading Learning Method"

-"from thin to thick" and "from thick to thin" in the learning process

One of the learning experiences of Hua, a famous mathematician in China, is the "Imaginative Reading Learning Method". He encouraged young people to study constantly, diligently and creatively in the long March of seeking truth.

Hua started from self-study and later embarked on the road to success. He said, how should we learn to learn? I think when studying every question and chapter of a book, we should first see not only what is written, but also what is behind the book. What do you want to see behind your back? Hua further explained that when learning some principles, laws and formulas in books, we should not only remember their conclusions, understand their principles, but also imagine how others came up with them, how many twists and turns and how many keys were broken before reaching this conclusion. At the same time, I might as well further imagine how I can reach this conclusion if I put myself in the other's shoes and don't draw a conclusion in the book. In other words, reading should not only know why, but also know why; We should not only understand the conclusion, but also understand how the conclusion was reached. Most people often have no patience when studying. They picked up a book and finished it in a few minutes. Actually, they don't understand either. When they applied it, they found that they ate raw rice and could not use it freely. Learning should be like Hua said, give more ideas, go deep into the poor and find out what is behind the book. Although this learning is slow, it can get good results.

Hua also advocates that there are two processes in learning: one is "from thin to thick" and the other is "from thick to thin". The former means learning step by step, which is only the first step in the learning process; If we just stay at this stage, our study will not make great progress. What is important is the second step, that is, on the basis of "from thin to thick", we must return to "from thick to thin".

So, how to read "thick" books "thin"? Hua's experience is: "Every question in the book has been chewed slowly, and after it is really understood, it is necessary to further understand the contents of each part of the book in series, so as to understand what the main problems in the book are and the relationship between them. Only in this way can we grasp the basic clues of the book of commanders and run through the spiritual essence of the book. " In other words, we must stand higher, analyze, compare, summarize and synthesize the contents of the books we read, and refine a thick book into several groups of formulas, principles, methods and so on. This not only highly summarizes the classic contents in the book, but also facilitates the memory of the key points in the book. Only in this way can we have a thorough understanding of knowledge.

14 Madame Curie's "Medal"

-Facing honors and achievements: modest and prudent, never satisfied.

Excellent students often have enviable achievements and even various honors. This kind of honor is easy to make people intoxicated and complacent, which hinders their progress. This is something that college students should be wary of. Belinsky once said, "All true and great things are pure and humble". Beveridge also said: "Most scientists hate superlatives and exaggerations, and great people are generally modest and prudent." . Madame Curie is such a model. Einstein commented on her like this: "Among all famous figures, Madame Curie is the only one who is not reversed by honor."

According to the survey, the number of papers published by Nobel Prize-winning scientists mostly decreased significantly after winning the prize, indicating that the road to scientific research is declining. Madame Curie, on the other hand, was not confused by honor, did not stop because of her achievements, and kept making progress, becoming one of the two people in the world who could win two Nobel Prizes in her life.

Therefore, like Madame Curie, we should treat achievements and honors correctly, be modest and prudent, and never be satisfied. "Dissatisfaction is an upward wheel" (Mr. Lu Xun's words), which is exactly what our college students take as a warning in their study.

15 Pu Songling couplets

Facing setbacks and failures: where there is a will, there is a way.

In the face of setbacks, setbacks and even failures, what attitude we adopt is the key to change the status quo and achieve success. Let's take Pu Songling's experience as an example.

When Pu Songling was young, despite his intelligence and erudition, he failed every exam in Sun Shan and returned empty-handed. The road to being an official is blocked, and he will not give up. Instead, he crossed the rubicon with Xiang Yu, broke the historical allusions between Qin and Gou Jian, the king of Yue, and destroyed the shame of Wu. On his own copper bar, he carved a pair of couplets:

"Where there is a will, there is a way, cross the rubicon, 120 Qin Guan will eventually return to Chu;

Hard-working people are rewarded by heaven, and they have tasted courage. More than 3,000 armour can swallow Wu. "

The setbacks in the examination room inspired his determination to make unremitting efforts in literary creation. From then on, he studied hard, traveled across mountains and rivers, widely adopted folk stories and worked hard at writing, and finally finished the book Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.

In fact, countless successful people have exercised their courage and courage in countless setbacks and failures, learned experiences and lessons, and made great efforts to succeed in the struggle of "persisting for a while".

Take Pu Songling's couplets as encouragement!

16. Professor Qian Weichang's learning principles

A person has a lot to learn in his life. How to learn new knowledge with the least study time?

Professor Qian Weichang, a famous scholar in China, talked about two learning principles that he has adhered to for a long time:

First, don't memorize all the knowledge. Don't memorize anything except learning a foreign language. After class, I just want to think about what topic I talked about today, what content a topic is divided into, what is the central idea of each question and what is its conclusion. Think back from beginning to end before the exam, delete the minor things and leave what you think is the main one.

Second, learn to grasp the overall situation and focus in learning. It is easy to overcome difficulties and make great strides in learning, and it is also easy to understand local difficulties from a comprehensive perspective.

Professor Qian Weichang said that he had been using this method all his life, and persisted in it, and achieved satisfactory results.