First of all, the definition of "progress" will change fundamentally. "Progress" in the traditional sense often means the continuous improvement of material living standards. Today, the great satisfaction of material wealth urges people to pursue a full spiritual life. "Progress" will increasingly mean improving the quality of life, emphasizing the taste of life and hoping to survive in a healthier way. Secondly, for hundreds of years, mankind has been committed to transforming the world, and in the new century, mankind will be more committed to transforming itself. Jeffrey Gaby, a famous professor of leisure science at Pennsylvania State University, predicted that in the next few years, the central position of leisure will be strengthened and people's concept of leisure will change fundamentally. In the economic and industrial structure, leisure industry employees will account for 70-80% of the whole social labor force, and leisure services will shift from standardization and centralization to personalized services. People pay more and more attention to the relationship between leisure and health, and leisure education will play an increasingly important role in education.
Judging from the current level of productivity in China, leisure has obviously become one of the characteristics of our times and an important part of social and cultural activities. It marks the liberation of people from heavy physical labor; It marks that people have turned from meeting the basic needs of reality to yearning for spiritual life; It indicates that the traditional production-consumption mode has gradually turned to consumption-production mode in the process of the transformation from planned economy system to market economy system. It marks the historical stage when people begin to develop from limited to all-round development.
1. With the continuous growth of material wealth, people begin to turn to the consumption and pursuit of cultural spirit, spend more time and money on leisure, and the investment in consumption has changed obviously, such as buying books, receiving various skills training, self-improvement re-education (lifelong education), fitness and beauty, traveling, appreciation and so on. Take the sample survey of cultural consumption of urban residents in Haidian District as an example: 1998 The proportion of residents in Haidian District in the following eight categories of cultural consumption items is that the average total cultural consumption has accounted for 28.4% of household income, of which tourism ranks first, accounting for 45.1%of the total household consumption; Amateur training education ranks second, accounting for14.1%; Personal hobbies such as stamp collecting account for13% of the expenditure; Subscribing to newspapers and buying books is 7.5%; Family cultural decoration is 6.7%; The appreciation of arts and entertainment is 5.2%; Physical fitness and appreciation are 4.9%; The information obtained is 3.5%. According to this estimate, by 20 10, China's Engel coefficient is expected to drop below 40%. Then, people's behavioral opportunities choose the enjoyment of cultural and spiritual life to a greater extent. In a society where basic material needs are met and greed and selfish motives are gradually declining, engaging in creative activities and enjoying as rich social relations as possible will replace the demand for material products and occupy the primary position.
2. The traditional concepts of work and leisure have been blurred. Due to the emergence of the Internet, the traditional concept of work and the time-space boundary of work have been fundamentally broken. Leisure will become an institutionalized thing in the social system in the future society, and it will become a resource, return distribution and innovation expectation. Usually, people are both at work and at leisure; It is not only the embodiment of labor value, but also the realization of maintaining labor value. As early as 18 years ago, toffler pointed out: "A large number of workers have been engaged in paid labor for an average of only 3-4 days a week for a long time. They spend half a year or a year on education or entertainment-once we realize that most of the time is spent on producing the goods and services they need-when production and consumption are combined, the differences and boundaries between old work and free time will disappear. " (The third wave 1982) At present, 145 countries in the world have implemented the five-day work week system, and developed countries and regions may further shorten the work week system. As Professor Cheng Siwei pointed out: "With the advent of knowledge economy, people's lifestyles and working methods have changed. This is because the network is developed, the office hours can be flexibly mastered, and the office space can also be located at home, which will improve efficiency and have more leisure time. How to make good use of more and more leisure time and improve people's quality of life will be an important topic. "
3. The traditional concept of "production first, then life (consumption)" will undergo fundamental changes. Especially in China, it has always been believed that only production can create value, and life and consumption are regarded as bourgeoisie. Therefore, for many years, the government's policy orientation and capital investment have mainly been placed on the primary industry and the secondary industry, and the people have been living under the condition of material shortage. With the arrival of "surplus economy", people gradually realize that "life" and "consumption" are equally important to economic development. Marx once pointed out: "If a railway is not open to traffic, there is no wear and tear, and there is no consumption, it can only be a possible railway." "Clothes become clothes because of the act of wearing clothes; A house is uninhabited. In fact, it can't be a real house. " He went on to say: "Production and creation of materials are the external objects of consumption; Consumption is the need of production, with creation as the internal object and creation as the purpose. " Therefore, "there is no consumption without production, and there is no production without consumption." (Marx's critique of political economy? Western scholars who study leisure say: "Because it is conducive to production, leisure has always been reasonable-if there is no nightlife and weekends, the entertainment industry will collapse; Without holidays, tourism will decline. In fact, it is leisure rather than labor that matures industrial capitalism. Here, the new rationality of leisure is revealed. (History of Human Thought, page 1 18) It should be noted that the ideal of "maintaining economic value and realizing non-economic and social value" of classical economists in those days is also coming to us.
The richer a country is, the more leisure time it has and the more civilized its people are. Marx once expounded the significance of increasing leisure time: "The real economy-saving-is the saving of working time. And this kind of saving is equivalent to developing productivity. " In Marx's view, there are two basic ideas for developing productive forces. One is to develop productive forces in a socialized way by adjusting and changing production relations, developing science and technology, strengthening management and improving labor methods; The second is to develop productive forces in a human way, that is, to pay attention to the all-round and full development of individual ability. "The full development of individuals as the greatest productive force reacts on labor productivity." (The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 46, page 225) The popularization of leisure will become an important force to promote economic development, and leisure consumption will become one of the main driving forces of production. Moreover, with the progress of society, the proportion of unproductive consumption in the national economy will become larger and larger. Through leisure and leisure consumption, we can see the living state of human beings behind this activity, and promote us to re-understand the essence and significance of life existence, re-examine human morality and ethics, re-treat the relationship world between people and things, and re-establish human social ideals. Undoubtedly, people's leisure consumption has changed from a single type to many types, from conformity to individuality, from material to spirit, from tradition to modernity, and from closure to openness. Therefore, people's world outlook, scientific outlook, moral ethics, life attitude and lifestyle will undergo profound changes.
5. Global integration and cultural diversity. What is global integration? It is not the free flow and allocation of resources around the world, the expansion of modern system or modernity around the world, nor the realization of global consciousness and global knowledge. On the contrary, global integration should be a way of thinking under specific historical conditions, and it is the diversity of various contacts between many countries and societies that constitutes today's world system. The emergence of global integration is more important, because a new way of thinking, a new way of thinking and a new perspective of thinking are taking shape. Furthermore, in the background of knowledge society, more cultural diversity is needed, which will inevitably provide unprecedented opportunities for countries to show their national characteristics.
Departments and employees engaged in leisure tourism urgently need to update their concepts. Tourism-leisure-leisure tourism is not only an arbitrary combination of nouns, it shows the objective law of tourism development. As we all know, the development of tourism is generally aimed at natural nature, artificial nature and human cultural relics. However, at the expense of natural resources, over-exploitation of tourism resources, especially the endless behavior of developers aiming at economic value, and the destruction of the ecological environment caused by people trampling on nature just to satisfy curiosity and pursue sensory stimulation, make people have to change their thinking of developing tourism. In western countries, as early as 50 years ago, in order to alleviate the pressure of tourism, leisure industries developed rapidly, such as leisure clubs, sports clubs, cultural centers, theaters, museums, art galleries, dance halls, leisure resorts, theme parks, amusement parks and so on. In fact, it objectively enriches the connotation of tourism, expands the business scope, promotes economic development, and meets people's various entertainment and enjoyment needs. At present, China is facing a good opportunity to develop its tourism industry. It is very important to follow any objective laws and how to adjust its development strategy, management direction, management mode and operation mechanism. The state should play an important role in the process of developing leisure tourism. The experience of developed countries shows that when leisure and entertainment become an increasingly important part of people's daily life, the government must bear the relevant responsibilities. "The purpose of providing or arranging entertainment and leisure is to create a better society. Therefore, it is very important to provide various leisure opportunities with healthy contents, in which people can study and socialize. Entertainment and leisure also contain and will always have social control factors. Because participating in planned and healthy leisure activities will eliminate or eliminate the possibility of boredom or abuse of leisure. " (History of Human Thought, page 127, Yunnan People's Publishing House, 2000) We believe that leisure regulated, planned and guided by the state will make the construction of spiritual civilization depend on it. In addition, in western developed countries, people often regard people engaged in leisure services as "goodwill ambassadors", because they use wisdom and love to convey the spirit of love with a special quality and skills to help people find activities that are truly worth participating in and make the world safe, warm and beautiful; It can enrich people's thoughts, cultivate their sentiments, enrich people's lives and enhance their value. This is the highest praise for people engaged in leisure tourism, and it should also be my leisure education for all citizens. At present, we have more leisure time, but how to relax is not regarded as a "problem", which will be a very important mistake. The experience of America may be worth learning from. As early as 19 18, the federal education bureau listed leisure education as the "central principle" of high school education. The central principle is: "Everyone should enjoy time to cultivate his personal and social interests. If it can be used reasonably, this kind of leisure will make his strength expand again and enrich his life further, so as to perform his duties better. On the contrary, abusing leisure time will harm health, disturb families, reduce work efficiency and undermine their civic awareness. Due to the influence of legislation, living in an industrialized environment will shorten the working hours of most people. Although shortened working hours help to reduce the harmful reactions caused by long working hours, it also increases people's awareness of the importance of receiving leisure training. In view of this, as one of our goals, how to make use of leisure education has become more and more important. " ("Leisure in the History of Human Thought", page 172) Usually, the goal of leisure education is: "① the ability to judge the value of leisure behavior; ② Ability to choose and evaluate leisure activities; The ability to decide personal goals and leisure behavior standards; 4 Know and understand the importance of rational use of leisure time. " Leisure education curriculum is an extremely way to achieve this goal: "① Intellectual, aesthetic, psychological, social and physical experience; Creatively express ideas, methods, shapes, colors, sounds and actions; ③ Experience of actively participating in and engaging in activities; ④ Social participation and expression of friendship, belonging and cooperation; ⑤ Field life experience; ⑥ Sports and entertainment to promote healthy life; ⑦ The experience and process of cultivating balance method to achieve nap, rest and relaxation. " (Quoted from Shen's Development and Prospect of Community Education, Shanghai University Press, 2000, 195) However, leisure education is still a blind spot in China.