Read, write, write:

On the 10th day of the twelfth lunar month, garlic cloves show jiaozi jadeite mixed with hazelnuts, chestnuts, firecrackers, kites, rehearsals, firecrackers, temple fairs, paintings, visits to temple fairs, maltose lanterns, smashing everything, updating and decorating.

Reading notes:

The drama Mask swears by rapids that the originator of wilderness charity is submissive, tyrannical, sincere and exaggerated, and its deductive layout is harmonious, fiery and passionate, and its abstract charm is hilarious. Nothing more, unstoppable, awe-inspiring.

accumulate over a long period of time

Wang Anshi in Yuan Dynasty [Song Dynasty]

The roar of firecrackers, the old year has passed; The warm spring breeze ushered in the New Year, and people happily drank the newly brewed Tu Su wine.

The rising sun sheds light on doors of each household, New peachwood charm is put up to replace the old.

Tianzhu Temple Guizi [Tang] Pi Rixiu August 15th night.

Yu Xing got off the moon wheel and picked up the dew in front of the temple.

So far, the sky doesn't exist, but Chang 'e should be thrown to people.

Unit 2 Text Content

6 Spring Festival in Beijing

1. Short text.

The Spring Festival is the grandest and most lively ancient traditional festival in China. Different regions and nationalities have their own unique customs when celebrating the Spring Festival. The author of this article, Mr. Lao She, a famous language master, used his huge sum of money. Vulgar? Style and Beijing-flavored language depict the folk customs of the Spring Festival in Beijing, show the warmth and beauty of China's holiday customs, and express the recognition and love for traditional culture.

The article takes time as longitude and human activities as latitude structure. The author first introduces that the Spring Festival in Beijing begins at the beginning of the twelfth lunar month: people cook Laba porridge, soak Laba garlic and buy new year's goods to make full preparations for the Spring Festival next year. Then, the three climaxes of the Spring Festival are described in detail: on New Year's Eve, every family lights up all night, firecrackers keep up day and night, having a family reunion dinner, and observing the New Year; On the first day, men go out to pay New Year's greetings, women receive guests at home, and children visit temple fairs. Look at lanterns, set off firecrackers and eat Yuanxiao. Finally, write the end of the Spring Festival on the 19th of the first month.

This paper lists a large number of Chinese New Year customs in old Beijing, which are interesting and deeply loved by students. The content of the full text is orderly, clear in context, closely linked, with appropriate details, and promotes nature. The language expression is simple, vivid and intriguing, and the feelings of people celebrating the Spring Festival are everywhere between the lines, reflecting the desire of old Beijingers to love life and pursue a better life.

The article arranges the contents in chronological order and is divided into five time periods: ① 1? 6 natural period (the Spring Festival almost begins at the beginning of the twelfth lunar month); 27 Nature Festival (New Year's Eve); ③8? 10 natural section (the first day of the first month); ④ 1 1? 12 Nature Festival (Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month); ⑤ 13 natural section (end of the 19th day of the first month). Each part begins with a word indicating time, which constitutes the general sentence and the central sentence of each paragraph, followed by example sentences around the central sentence.

2. Text analysis.

Understanding of (1) sentence.

This is not porridge, but a small agricultural exhibition.

? Agricultural exhibition? There are many varieties of rice, beans and dried fruits in Laba porridge, so many of them seem to get together for an exhibition. Did the author use it? Like what? This expression vividly describes the folk characteristics of boiling Laba porridge in the Spring Festival in old Beijing.

On New Year's Eve, every household lights up all night, without interruption, and firecrackers go on day and night. People who work outside will go home for a reunion dinner unless they have to. That night, except for very young children, no one slept, and everyone had to stay up late.

Can you fully feel it from the first sentence? Is New Year's Eve really not lively? . Through? Do you have to? Can you realize how much people value New Year's Eve? Have a reunion dinner? Full of deep affection and traditional virtues. According to the custom of old Beijing, you can't sleep on New Year's Eve, but it's better to spend the night. What's this called? Shounian? . ? Shounian? There are two meanings: older people keep watch on New Year's Eve to show that they cherish time; Young people stay old in order to prolong the life span of their parents. Reading these sentences, we can not only understand the customs of the Spring Festival in Beijing, but also deeply understand the rich connotation of traditional folk culture.

The Lantern Festival went on the market, and another climax of the Spring Festival came.

Is the Lantern Festival the same here as in the south? Tangyuan? . ? Is New Year's Eve really not lively? This is the first climax of Spring Festival travel rush. But the first day of New Year's greetings and temple fairs? The scene is very different from New Year's Eve? , but equally lively, this is the second climax of the Spring Festival; On the fifteenth day of the first month of the Lantern Festival, Yuanxiao is sold in the market and eaten by every household, which is the third climax of the Spring Festival. One? Again? Words, showing the author's originality in the structure and overall content of the article.

Blink of an eye to the residual light temple, the end of the Spring Festival on the 19th day of the first month.

This sentence plays a connecting role in the text. Residual lamp: lanterns gradually decrease and go out; The last temple: the last day of the temple fair. People have been visiting temple fairs since the first day of the first month. On the fifth day of the first month, lanterns are decorated everywhere. On the 19th day of the first month, lanterns gradually disappeared and went out. On the last day of the temple fair, the grand and lively Spring Festival is over. Nineteen days? Good and happy days? Really? Blink of an eye? It passed, and the author jumped into the sentence reluctantly. Does this sentence have anything to do with the first sentence of the text? According to the old rules in Beijing, the Spring Festival begins almost at the beginning of the twelfth lunar month? Echo each other, so that the article structure is complete and integrated.

(2) Understanding of words.

Spring Festival: The first day of the first lunar month is a traditional festival in China, and it also refers to the day after the first lunar month. Commonly known as Chinese New Year? .

December: December of the lunar calendar.

Laba porridge: Laba is the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month. On Laba, porridge is cooked with grains such as rice and beans and dried fruits such as dates, chestnuts and lotus seeds.

Diabolo: a traditional fitness toy made of bamboo and wood, which is hollow and can make a sound.

The first ten days of every month, also called. Morning? .

Off-year: a festival in the lunar calendar. On the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, the old custom worships stoves on this day.

New Year's Eve: The night on the last day of the Lunar New Year, which also refers to the last day of the year.

Temple Fair: A fair held in or near a temple on a festival or a specific day.

Skilled: Skilled.

Lantern Festival: The night of the 15th day of the first lunar month. Because this day is called Shangyuan Festival, it is called Yuanxiao at night. In this paper, the Lantern Festival (also known as the Lantern Festival) is called seasonal food, and in the south it is called? Tangyuan? .

Distinctive: The appearance of being clearly and definitely separated. Describe two things that have nothing in common. This lesson refers to New Year's Eve? Trouble? With the first day of the first month? Quiet? In stark contrast.

Vientiane Update: Vientiane: All the sights in the universe. More: change. Everything or the scene becomes brand-new.

7* Tibetan opera

1. Short text.

China's national operas have a long history and a wide variety. There are 275 operas that can be tested according to the evidence. Tibetan opera, which is popular in Tibetan areas, is a unique drama in the Baihua Art Garden of the motherland. The art of Tibetan opera has a history of more than 600 years, which is more than 400 years earlier than Peking Opera, which is known as the quintessence of China. Living fossil? .

The text is in the order of explaining different aspects of things. Integral? Articles on general relational structure. First, three juxtaposed sentences are used to summarize the main characteristics of Tibetan opera: wearing a mask and having no stage, can a play last for three to five days? . Next, write in detail the legendary story of Tang Dongjiebu, the originator of Tibetan opera. Make a great wish and swear to build a bridge. The first Tibetan opera team in Tibet left 58 iron cable bridges on the Yarlung Zangbo River and became the originator of Tibetan opera? . Then it introduces the important features of Tibetan opera. Mask? Features and functions of. Then briefly explain other characteristics: simple stage; The plot is described by commentary and rap; A program with a fixed opening, plot and ending; Singing skills and movements are rich and colorful; Long performance time, etc. Finally, it summarizes the full text in one sentence, pointing out that Tibetan opera, a national drama art, is inherited and carried forward by teachers. With the author's clear, comprehensive and meticulous description, colorful Tibetan operas and their irresistible artistic charm are presented to readers.

This text is a folk prose with strong knowledge, humanity and interest. On the premise of accurate explanation and intuitive description, it is quite different from Beijing Spring Festival Evening in terms of explanation angle, expression order, expression mode and language style. From the content, Spring Festival in Beijing introduces festival customs, while this paper focuses on the formation and artistic characteristics of Tibetan opera. From the order of expression, the Spring Festival in Beijing is in the order of time, while this paper is in the order of different aspects of things; From the perspective of expression methods, Beijing Spring Festival uses the methods of enumerating numbers, examples, metaphors, metaphors, etc., while this paper mainly uses metaphors, questions, symbols, exaggerations and other methods to illustrate things vividly. From the perspective of language style, the language of the Spring Festival in Beijing is natural, plain, accurate and concise, full of Beijing flavor and intriguing, while the language in this paper is rich and varied, vivid and quite literary.

2. Lexical analysis

Understanding of (1) sentence.

(1) How many operas are performed with masks in the world?

The expression at the beginning of the text is novel and unique, mainly rhetorical questions, emphasizing the outstanding characteristics of Tibetan operas such as masks. At the same time, it also paves the way for this paper to describe the color, shape and function of the mask.

② Let's talk about the legendary story of Tang Dongjiebu, a Tibetan monk.

This sentence plays a connecting role in the layout of the full text. Three characteristics of Tibetan opera have been summarized. Or? Turning point, introducing the legendary story of Tang Dongjiebu and the formation of Tibetan opera. Tang Dongjiebu is the founder and originator of Tibetan opera. Without Tang Dongjiebu, there would be no Tibetan opera. Monk: A highly respected monk (monk). Legendary story: refers to a story with bizarre plot or extraordinary behavior of characters.

At that time, there was no bridge on the Yarlung Zangbo River, countless cowhide boats capsized in the wild horse-like torrent, and many people trying to cross the river were swallowed up by the roaring river.

With concise and accurate language and vivid description, the author reproduces the harsh natural environment at that time, indirectly praises the noble quality of Tang Dongjiebu, explains the ideological roots of his lofty aspirations and vows to build bridges, and also shows that folk art originated from life and came into being according to the needs of the times.

(4) The mask uses symbolism and exaggeration to make the characters stand out and have distinct personalities.

Why has tibetan opera masks been preserved in the long-term development? This sentence gives an accurate answer. The front and back parts of the sentence are causal:? Use symbolism and exaggeration? Is this the reason? Outstanding people, distinctive personality? This is the result. Symbolism: using concrete things to express a special meaning or thoughts and feelings. For example, in Tibetan opera, the white mask represents purity, and the person wearing the white mask is a good person. Exaggeration: in order to stimulate the imagination of the audience, use exaggerated things to express. For example, in Tibetan opera, a half-black and half-white mask is used to describe two-faced figures, and a mask with blue face and fangs is used to describe demons.

They want nothing but the audience.

What is the purpose of Tang Dong Jiebu Tibetan Opera Team? Persuade people to do good, donate money, and build bridges with fellow initiates? Therefore, there are not many requirements for the performance stage and props. As long as there is an audience, it can play a propaganda role.

6 Tibetan opera is like this, handed down from generation to generation.

The original Tibetan opera didn't have a script, and it was entirely based on Master's words and deeds. During the rehearsal and performance of the troupe, it was gradually processed and improved, so that the Tibetan opera with a history of more than 600 years could be preserved and developed into Tibetan culture? Living fossil? .

3. Understanding of words

Drama: the type of drama art.

Roar: It can describe the rushing roar of water, and it can also describe people's angry cries.

Swallow: Bite: Bite the swallow.

Living Buddha: This lesson refers to the upper Lama who was reincarnated and succeeded to the throne in Lamaism.

Witch: A woman who pretends to be a ghost and prays for others.

Restrain: Restrain feelings, strength, etc. So that it can't be fully displayed and played.

Dunhou: loyal.

Deduction: a method of reasoning, which deduces conclusions about special situations from general principles. This lesson can be understood by acting and acting.

Drum up: drum up. This lesson refers to the opening of Tibetan opera, which attracts audiences by telling the history of Tibetan opera.

Excellent: excellent: beautiful and comfortable; Alas, modal particles express sighs.

Originator of Mountain Opening: A Buddhist term that refers to the first establishment of a temple in a famous mountain. Founder: the metaphor of the founder. Originally refers to the founder of a cause. This lesson refers to Tang Dongjiebu as the founder of Tibetan opera.

Two sides and three knives: a metaphor for cunning, one face to face and one behind.

Follow one's inclinations: follow: let go; Desire, want, hope. Do what you want to do.

8* Folk houses with their own characteristics

1. Short text.

China folk houses have an ancient and unique charm, which is a precious heritage of Chinese civilization and embodies the wisdom of the nation and profound cultural heritage. This article is an expository article about local dwellings in China, introducing Hakka dwellings and Dai bamboo houses with distinctive features.

Hakka dwellings

Hakka folk houses are a wonderful flower in the southern mountainous area of China. Its unique style has attracted many Chinese and foreign scholars, tourists and even American military experts.

Firstly, this paper briefly introduces the characteristics, location and environment of Hakka folk houses, as well as their position in the world folk houses: what are their styles? Circular enclosure or earth building? ,? Decoration? Explain that it is located in a remote mountainous area. Wonderful folk houses in the world? Explain the position of Hakka folk houses in the world through metaphor and comparison. Then, this paper introduces the outstanding characteristics of Hakka folk houses in detail: camp-style folk houses and the reasons and functions of building this kind of building. The author vividly illustrates the characteristics of building materials, appearance and overall layout of camp-style houses with examples, data and analogies. Then write the circular enclosed houses arranged according to the gossip layout and their symbolic significance. Finally, write out the internal structural characteristics of circular enclosure and the folk cultural characteristics reflected.

Daijiazhulou

Bamboo house is a special living form created by Dai people according to local conditions, which has the advantages of economical building materials, warm in winter and cool in summer, moisture-proof, waterproof and earthquake resistance.

The first paragraph of the article briefly introduces the architectural environment of Dai bamboo house: the bamboo house is hidden in the dense green of phoenix bamboo and oil palm forest. The second paragraph is about the Dai people? Many bamboo buildings, living by the water? Traditional customs and reasons: Dai people are located in the subtropical zone, and bamboo buildings have the function of heatstroke prevention and moisture prevention. The third section describes the appearance characteristics of Dai villages and bamboo buildings. The fourth paragraph says that the internal structure of bamboo buildings is simple, spacious and unique. The fifth paragraph describes the traditional customs and cultural connotations of the Dai people when they built bamboo houses. The custom of building a house by one family and helping the whole village reflects the national psychology and cultural tradition of unity, harmony and helping others of the Dai people.

The language is concise, accurate, plain and vivid, which is the common feature of the two short passages in this paper. The author uses examples, figures, comparisons and metaphors to explain the characteristics of Hakka folk houses and Dai bamboo houses in a popular, vivid and accurate way, which is more knowledgeable, scientific and interesting.

2. Text analysis.

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