1, abrasion: that is, epidermal abrasion of the skin. If the scratch is shallow, apply red mercury; If the bruised wound is dirty or oozing, it should be debrided with normal saline and then coated with red syrup or purple syrup.
2. Muscle strain: refers to the injury caused by the tearing of muscle fibers. Mainly because of excessive exercise or insufficient warm-up, the severity of the injury can be known according to the degree of pain. Once pain is induced, exercise and fitness should be stopped immediately, and ice cubes or cold towels should be applied to the pain points for 30 minutes to make small blood vessels contract and relieve local congestion and edema. Avoid rubbing and hot compress.
Contusion: tissue damage caused by blunt object hitting local body. Minor injuries do not require special treatment. After cold compress for 24 hours, it can promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, and be applied locally with Shangshi Zhitong ointment. Cold compress on the first day after injury and hot compress on the second day. It can be absorbed and disappeared after about a week. For severe contusion, Yunnan Baiyao and Chinese liquor can be used to adjust and bind the wound, change the dressing every other day 1 time, 2-3 times a day, plus physical therapy.
3. sprain: the ligaments and tendons attached to the outside of the joint are twisted due to sudden excessive torsion of the joint. It mostly occurs in ankle joint, knee joint, wrist joint and waist, and sprains in different parts have different treatment methods.
1, acute lumbar sprain: let the patient lie on his back on a plank bed with a pillow under his waist, and apply cold compress first, then hot compress.
2. Joint sprain: When ankle joint, knee joint and wrist joint are sprained, pad the sprained part and apply cold compress for two or three days before applying hot compress. If the sprained part is swollen and the skin is blue and painful, you can stew it with half a catty of mature vinegar and apply it with a towel, 2-3 times a day, each time 10 minute.
4, dislocation: that is, joint dislocation. Once dislocated, tell the patient to keep quiet, don't move, and don't rub the dislocated part. If the dislocated part is in the shoulder, the patient's elbow can be bent at a right angle, then the forearm and elbow can be held up with a triangle towel and hung around the neck, and then a broadband is wrapped around the brain to tie a knot in the opposite brain. If the dislocated part is in the hip, let the patient lie on the soft sleeper and take him to the hospital immediately.
5. Fracture: For open fractures, hand reduction is not allowed to avoid osteomyelitis. After the wound was initially bandaged and stopped bleeding with sterile gauze, it was fixed with a flat plate and sent to the hospital for treatment. After fracture, the limbs are unstable and easy to move, which will aggravate the injury and cause severe pain. You can find wooden boards and plastic plates to fix the upper and lower joints of the limb fracture site. If you can't find the external fixation material for a while and the fracture is in the upper limb, you can bend your elbow and fix it on the trunk; If the fracture is in the lower limb, the leg and foot can be straightened and fixed on the opposite limb.
6, nosebleed (nose hit by external force, causing capillary rupture and bleeding. )
Handling:
Let the injured person sit down, raise his head back, breathe through his mouth temporarily, plug his nostrils with gauze or clean soft paper, and apply a cold towel to his forehead and nose to stop bleeding. If it persists, you should go to the hospital for examination and treatment in time and take effective measures in time to prevent massive bleeding and syncope.
7. Concussion (the head is hit by an external force or collides with a hard object, which damages brain tissues such as brain nerve cells and fibers due to excessive vibration. ) can be divided into mild, moderate and severe concussion.
Handling:
Patients with mild concussion can recover after a quiet bed rest for a day or two. For moderate and severe concussion, keep the injured person absolutely quiet, lie flat on his back, apply cold compress to his head, keep warm and send him to the hospital for treatment in time.