Lv Hou, whose real name was Lv Zhi (24 BC1-BC 180), was born in Shan County, Shandong Province (now Shan County, Shandong Province). Empress of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang. After Liu Bang's death, she came to power, and was called Empress Dowager Lingchao in 16. She is the first uncrowned king in the history of China. Since Lv Zhi created the precedent of being called the Empress Dowager in the court, the Empress Dowager has stepped onto the political stage in the history of China, and there have been many incidents of political manipulation. Since then, it has also created the history of the harem. ?
In 22 1 year BC, Lv Zhi followed his father Lv Gong to avoid the enemy, leaving his single father in Shandong and moving to Pei county, where he defected. Pei Xianling, a good friend of Lv Gong, once hosted a banquet for Lv Gong in Pei County, Lv Gong. The squire and official deacon of Peixian county all came to pay their respects, including Liu Bang, then the curator of Surabaya Museum.
Liu bang's father is a farmer, but Liu bang doesn't like labor and idles around all day. Later, he made a small Surabaya Pavilion with the skills of dancing guns and making sticks, and had close contacts with Xiao He, Qu warden and county magistrate of Pei County. I heard that Pei County magistrate held a grand banquet for Lv Gong, and Liu Bang didn't bring any gifts to the banquet. During the dinner, he was poised and laughing. When Lu Gong saw Liu Bang's imposing manner and extraordinary personality, his speech was also different. Instead of blaming him, he secretly admired him. After the banquet was over, Lv Gong deliberately retained Liu Bang. When nobody was around, Lv Gong asked Liu Bang, "I told people fortune when I was young. I've never met anyone like you. I wonder if you are married? " By this time, Liu Bang was 36 years old, but no one cared about his marriage. He quickly replied: "My family is poor and I am not married." Lv Gong said happily, "What a coincidence. I have a daughter who is still at home. If I don't dislike her, I am willing to marry her to you. " Liu bang was very happy after hearing this. He immediately thanked Lv Gong and set a date for the wedding. Lv Gong was betrothed to Liu Bang by his second daughter, Lv Zhi. This natural beauty has a "noble" appearance, so she is favored and refuses to be easily betrothed to others. Now Lv Gong betrothed her to Liu Bang, who was not in business at that time and was only in his teens. Mrs Lu was not satisfied with this, but Lv Gong was full of confidence. He said, "My eyes can't be wrong." In this way, Lv Zhi married Liu Bang. It was the combination of Lv Zhi and Liu Bang that completely changed her fate, and made an ordinary woman like her enter the political arena and show her political talents. ?
After Lv Zhi married Liu Bang, she was also very satisfied. He doesn't think Liu Bang is a slut, nor does he think his family is in a low position. He made a good wife, farming, serving the elderly and managing the housework. ?
After the news of Liu Bang's uprising and rebellion reached Pei County, the county magistrate ordered a search of the Liu family and was put in prison for her husband's crime. Later, thanks to the help of the young man, he was released. After this incident and the hardships of life in recent years, Lv Zhi has been tempered, smarter and more mature.
In 2 10 BC, Lv Zhi came to Mangdang Mountain where Liu Bang was located to meet him. Liu Bang was surprised by her arrival and asked her in front of everyone, "How can you find here alone?" Lv Zhi replied very tactfully, "The concubine can read clouds. As soon as I saw where the emperor was angry, I went and found you. " Everyone at the scene was shocked by her words and soon spread. From then on, Liu Bang became famous, and more and more people came to defect. Xiao He, Cao Can, Fan Kuai and others in Pei County killed the county magistrate, came to take refuge in Liu Bang, and recalled him to Pei County, known as Pei Gong. Liu Bang's team and influence are increasing day by day. Liu Bang's development is mainly attributed to his wife Lv Zhi, from which we can see that Lv Zhi is very calculating and has the ability to improvise.
From 206 BC to 202 BC, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu fought the Chu-Han War for four years. During these four years, Lv Zhi was captured by Xiang Yu and spent three years in Xiang Yu's barracks, that is, from May 205 BC to July 203 BC, she lived as a prisoner for three years. Xiang Yu put her and Liu Bang's father, Tai PR, in a prison car, often on the front line. On one occasion, Xiang Yu also dug a big hole in the ground and buried a pot, threatening Liu Bang to withdraw, or he would cook and kill Lv Zhi and Taigong. In this way, after a long period of competition between Liu Bang and Xiang Yu, Liu Bang gradually changed from weak to strong. In July 203 BC, Chu and Han signed an armistice agreement to carve up the world with a gap, and Xiang Yu had to put He Taigong back. After three years as a prisoner, Lv Zhi became stronger, and he also learned to be flexible and keep a low profile. ?
In 202 BC, the Chu-Han War ended with the victory of Liu Bang, who established the Han Dynasty and became the first emperor. The first thing Liu Bang did when he became emperor was to make Lv Zhi and his son Liu Ying the Crown Prince and Lv Zhi the Queen. Lv Zhi is an expensive queen, but her appearance is getting older and older. Liu Bang, the emperor gaozu of Han Dynasty, was greedy for wine and lust, and now he has more concubines. Among them, Emperor Gaozu loved Miracle the most and favored her son Liu Ruyi. Miracle came up with the idea of making him a prince with her beauty, her ability to play and sing, and her great-grandfather's love. High-impedance Liu Bang also felt that his nature was kind and weak, and his talent was average. He is not as clever as he is. He wants to be a prince more easily. However, it is not normal to change the position of the prince, so he can't act rashly. He must consult with his ministers. ?
Lv Hou is well aware of Miracle's actions. If she were a prince, she would lose her status as a queen, and she might even be put in limbo. So she's been fidgeting for days. On this day, she saw that Gaozu had called his ministers to discuss the matter, and she quietly followed him to inquire about the news. What Gaozu proposed was really about changing the prince. Fortunately, Zhou Chang, an ancient counselor, rejected this suggestion, which made the change of the high-impedance to the prince temporarily forget about it. ?
BC 195 (the 12th year of Emperor Gaozu), Gaozu Liu Bang was seriously ill. Knowing that he was going to die soon, he arranged something big behind him. In order to save the Liu family, he called his ministers, asked them to kill a white horse in public, and made an alliance with them. He swore: "From now on, no one can be crowned king except Liu; No one can be crowned Hou unless he has made great contributions. If he violates this agreement, the world will be hit! " Then, he called Empress Lu into the palace, and told him something important. At this time, Lv Hou's mood is more complicated. Who will be in power after Liu Bang's death? This is what she cares about most. So, she asked Liu Bang, "Who would have thought if Prime Minister Xiao He died after your majesty was 100 years old?" Gaozu said: "Cao Can can change." Lv Hou asked again, "Cao Can is old. What about Cao Can? " Liu Bang said: "The tomb can be used, but it is a bit dull and straightforward, and it can't be independent. Chen Ping must be used for help. Chen knows enough, but he is not thick enough. It's best to be, but if you want to settle the Liu family, you must be, and you can make him Tai Wei. " ?
In April, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang died, and Liu Yuxin succeeded Huidi and Lv Hou as the Empress Dowager. At this time, Huidi was only 65,438+07 years old, with weak constitution and poor health. Lv Hou lived in the court and gained power.
Lv Hou suffered heavy losses in the Chu-Han War. In the war to eliminate the half-surname Wang, she cooperated closely with Gao Zu and murdered Han Xin, Peng Yue and other founding heroes, which showed her political talent and her incomparable viciousness.
Lv Hou authoritarian, first of all, to her at ordinary times the most jealous of liu bang's favorite concubine Miracle laid hands on him. She told the servants in the palace to be strict with Miracle, took off her palace clothes, put on ochre clothes, shaved her hair, put chains on her feet, put her in the inner ring of the lane, and ordered her to eat rice. Hard work made Miracle struggle, and flogging and beating made her even sadder. She sang, "The son is the king and the mother is the prisoner! All day in spring, dusk is often associated with death! Three thousand miles apart, who should tell you! " When Lv Hou learned about this, he was very angry and cursed angrily: "This bitch still wants to rely on her son!" So I decided to kill the grass and enter the DPRK as I wished. ?
Hui Di Liu Ying, a kind-hearted woman, saw her mother's evil intentions and took care of her flesh and blood, so she personally brought Ruyi into the palace to eat and live with him. Lv Hou to harm ruyi, never get it. ?
A few days later, once, Huidi wanted to go hunting early. Seeing Ruyi still sleeping, I couldn't bear to wake him up. Thinking that he would be all right after a long walk, he went out alone. When I came back from hunting, I saw Ruyi lying in bed bleeding to death. Hui Di understood everything, cried a lot, and ordered people to be buried with Wang Li. ?
After getting rid of wishful heart disease, Lv Hou ordered someone to cut off Miracle's hands and feet, gouge out her eyes, deaf her ears, drank medicine to make her hoarse, threw it into the toilet, and then called Hui Di Liu Ying to see it. Liu Ying got a fright and asked if it was Miracle. He couldn't help crying when the thunder sounded. He said: "This is not a human matter. I am the son of Empress Dowager Cixi. There is nothing I can do about the empress dowager. How dare I rule the world? Everything will be decided by Empress Dowager Cixi herself in the future! " Since then, he has suffered from a serious illness and recovered in many ways within one year. After that, he only likes drinking and doesn't care about politics. Lv Hou has complete control over state affairs. ?
Hui Di died at the age of 24 after seven years in office. Hui Di had no children, so Lv Hou ordered people to secretly bring other people's children from the harem to raise them. Afraid that the child's mother would reveal the secret, he killed her and made him a prince. After Liu Ying's death, the young male succeeded to the throne with the support of his father, who exercised power instead of him. From then on, that is, in 187 BC, Lv Hou officially "called the imperial court system" and then used people from the Lu family to enter the court to be an official, which also violated the agreement of Liu Bang that "it was not Liu Wang, but the world was * * *" and made Zhu Lu a prince.
When the young emperor Gong Liu grew up, he realized that he was not born by Queen Hui Di, but his mother was killed by the Queen Mother. He said, "The Queen Mother killed my mother mercilessly. When I grow up, I must avenge my mother." . When Lv Hou learned of this, he was immediately imprisoned and said to his ministers, "The Emperor has been ill for a long time and cannot be cured. Now he is insane and can't rule the world. He should establish another emperor. " So he deposed Gong, secretly killed him, and made Li Kasi emperor, also known as the little emperor, and continued to take power. ?
At this time, the contradiction between Liu's royal family and Lu's family became more and more acute. The consorts group of Lu is powerful and influential, and both the ruling and opposition parties have influence. However, Liu Group is not willing to lose power and has been looking for opportunities to fight for power and profit. On one occasion, Emperor Lu gave a banquet to entertain his people. Zhu Liuzhang, Lumeng's son-in-law, was among the guests. He was furious when he saw that Lu was domineering, arrogant and expressionless. During the dinner, Lv Hou appointed Liu Zhang as wine supervisor and drinker's wager game. Liu Zhang wanted to take this opportunity to destroy Lu's prestige, so he said, "I am a descendant of this family. Since the Queen Mother ordered me to supervise the wine, please allow me to do it according to the military law! " And loudly said: "The Queen Mother ordered me to supervise the wine according to the military law, and I will do it"! After a while, a man in the Lu family got drunk and ran away. Liu Zhang followed and shouted, "How dare you leave without permission?" Say that finish, hand knife fell, cut it. Then I reported to the Queen Mother: "A man escaped from the banquet just now, and I will behead him according to military law." Zhu Lu was dumbfounded and exclaimed. Lv Hou is awake at the moment. In the face of these people, he didn't joke. He wanted to maintain the dignity of the system, so he kept silent and the party ended in discord. This incident greatly reduced Zhu Lu's prestige and became a preview of Zhu Lu's future demise. ?
In BC 180, Lv Hou was seriously ill. She had expected that there would be a fierce battle between Liu and Lu, so she had to be prepared. So he issued a decree, appointed Lu Chan as prime minister, and commanded the Southern Army. He said that Lu Chan was summoned to take over the capital in order to levy the commander-in-chief of the northern army, and said, "King Lu, how unjust my ministers are. If I die, I will change. You must lead troops to defend the palace, don't take it lightly, don't send a funeral, you must master the military power and avoid being controlled by others. " After Lv Hou's death, Zhou Bo and Chen Pingding conspired with Liu Xiang and Liu Zhang to wipe out Lu Chan's influence in one fell swoop and made Liu Bang's second son Wang Jiwei emperor. This is Wendi of China. Since then, the history of the Western Han Dynasty has turned a new page, that is, it has entered the era of "the rule of culture and scenery". ?
Lv Zhi is the first woman in the history of China to step onto the political stage and master the supreme sovereignty. She was in power for 16 years, including 8 years. During her administration, she continued to carry out policies such as attaching importance to agriculture, restraining business and protecting the people, which made the society develop continuously and steadily, laid the foundation for the later rule of Wenjing and had certain progressive significance in history. However, she is also a sinister and vicious ruler. She killed Han Xin, killed Peng Yue unjustly, and killed the civil servants and military commanders who made great contributions to the establishment of the Han Dynasty, which fully showed the cruelty and viciousness of her means. In order to seize the supreme imperial power, she resorted to unscrupulous means, formed a party for personal gain, and made Lu king, which brought serious harm to the Han Dynasty. Starting from her, the phenomenon that the harem intervened in political affairs and the Empress Dowager Cixi intervened in politics occurred constantly, which opened a new page in the political history of China's kingship.