Production land accounts for about 70 ~ 75% of the total area of the park; Sightseeing and amusement projects account for about10 ~12%; Roads account for about 3 ~ 5%; Irrigation and drainage system accounts for about 2 ~ 3%; Shelterbelt and greening account for about 4 ~ 6%; Fertilizer bases (including livestock farms) account for about 2%; Management rooms and production rooms account for about 2 ~ 4%.
2. Types of sightseeing gardening
● Horticultural Expo Park; Horticultural Grand View Garden; Eco-horticultural sightseeing park; ● Sightseeing vegetable garden; Vegetable Grand View Garden;
● Sightseeing Park; Flower world; ● Sightseeing tea garden; Such as Meizhou Yannanfei Tea Garden; Jiexi Jingming Tea Garden;
● Fruit world; Four Seasons Fruit Sightseeing Park; Baiguoyuan, etc.
3. Functional area planning
(1) production area planning
Community is a basic production unit established to facilitate production management, labor arrangement, technical measures implementation and tourism. Daguan Guangyuan scale, the flat area is about 150 ~ 200 mu; The hilly and mountainous areas with complex terrain are about 20 ~ 30 mu. The setting of residential areas can be combined with roads and irrigation and drainage systems; Only 2~3 varieties or strains are planted in each plot; The production area is planned according to the characteristics of natural landform, natural ecological environment and leisure and sightseeing.
The division of production areas can be set according to the scale, topography and leisure and sightseeing characteristics of the park. A variety of horticultural crop production areas can be set up with sightseeing gardening as the theme. Such as: vegetable production, fruit tree production, flower and ornamental tree production, aromatic and medicinal plant production, tea production and so on.
(1) Vegetable production areas can be established.
Organic vegetable production; Soilless culture production area; Aquatic vegetable production area; Wild vegetable display area; Ornamental vegetable area; Edible fungi producing area.
(2) the fruit production area can be set up
South China specialty fruit tree area; Adjustment area of fruit tree production period; Pure tropical fruit tree area; South deciduous fruit tree area; Fruit tree protection and cultivation area; Wild fruit display area; Grass and vine fruit trees; South subtropical fruit tree area; Four seasons fruit area.
(3) the flower production area can be set up
Leaf-viewing flowers and trees area; Medicinal ornamental plant area; Spice ornamental plant area; Aquatic flower area; Perennial flower area; Bulb flower area; Pulp mill area; Bonsai area
(2) Planning of living quarters
Through the understanding of production, tourists have a sense of closeness to the unique rural life.
● Provide tourists with a green, quiet and natural leisure and holiday living environment.
● Architectural design style: simple and natural, as far as possible in harmony with nature.
Building facilities in the living quarters mainly include the following aspects.
Accommodation: leisure resort; Country club; Rest villa; Farmhouse canteen (food culture); Staff accommodation.
Auxiliary building: product storage; Production reference room; Product analysis room.
Recreational facilities: swimming pool; Tennis court; Table tennis room; Fitness room, etc.
(3) Leisure and sightseeing
Natural landscape: reservoir; Lake; Swimming pool; Shantang; Stream; Hot springs; A valley with beautiful environment; Fruit fish pond; Butterfly valley; Bird of paradise.
Horticultural Plant Scenic Area: Wild Horticultural Plant Area; Natural ecological community area of fruit trees; Adjustment of horticultural production cycle; Soilless culture demonstration area.
(4) Entertainment area
Valley of flowers; Green riddle; Water park; Natural baths and other facilities.
(5) Popular Science Education Zone
Popular science education is mainly aimed at agricultural popular science education in universities, primary and secondary schools and lovers who care about gardening. This kind of pastoral knowledge education makes the content of tourism activities more diverse and substantial, thus improving the status of horticultural industry and promoting its sustainable development. The popular science education area can be set as follows: the art of gambling; Art of cutting flowers; Horticultural biotechnology; Insect specimen exhibition, horticultural science and technology exchange, horticultural crop specimens; Farm tools exhibition and so on.
Gambling art
Flower mat is a kind of natural flowers and plants, which are skillfully pressed into pictures according to their natural forms and treated with vacuum film to achieve the effect of anti-corrosion and anti-pollution The art of fighting flowers embodies the freehand brushwork of nature and the intimacy of modern people's pursuit of returning to nature.
4. Road network planning
(1) Road planning principles:
It is not only conducive to the management of the park, convenient transportation, but also less investment and small area, which is conducive to soil and water conservation. The roads in the old park should be set with different widths, and the roads at all levels should be connected with each other and combined with various functional areas, sightseeing lanes and agricultural machinery.
(2) Road setting in the park
Large and medium-sized tourist parks consist of main roads, branches, paths and sightseeing trails. The main roads in the park should be connected with the village roads.
● General trunk road 4 ~ 6m branch 2 ~ 3m path1~ 2m; The sightseeing walkway is about1m.
● The plane sightseeing park can adopt a relatively free ring grid road network. Sightseeing and walking paths can be randomly set in combination with natural terrain.
● Hills and mountain sightseeing parks should use and transform the original roads as much as possible. According to the topographical characteristics of hilly and mountainous parks, we can choose gentle slopes to set up winding roads, set up mountain ring roads at the top of the mountain, set up mountain ring roads at the mountainside and set up mountain ring roads at the foot of the mountain, so that roads at all levels can be connected with each other and run through the whole park.
5. Garden water source planning
(1) Water source planning principle: Make full use of the water resources in the sightseeing park and do it when planning.
Make full use of the water resources of the tourist park, and make it beautiful, safe and durable with less planning investment; It can not only solve the problem of water use, but also achieve the purpose of irrigation in drought and drainage in waterlogging. It can also use water to create the spatial landscape of the park and play a decorative role in the sightseeing park.
(2) Water source planning can be divided into two parts:
(1) Drainage and Irrigation System Planning
● Garden drainage ditch setting: The purpose is to drain the excess water in the garden in time. At present, there are several types of orchards that need drainage ditches. (1) The terrain is low and it is easy to accumulate water in rainy season; (2) High soil viscosity and poor drainage; (3) The reclaimed land or paddy field has a high groundwater level; (4) Orchards are close to rivers and the groundwater level is high, which is easy to cause waterlogging in rainy season; (5) Hilly or mountainous orchards are prone to soil erosion in rainy season.
In the banana garden with high groundwater level, deep ditches should be dug around the banana garden to reduce the groundwater level and control the water level below1m.
● Irrigation system setting: (1) Use irrigation ditches or orchards to install fixed water pipes for irrigation; (2) Automatic irrigation system.
(2) Water landscape setting
● Waterscape can be divided into static waterscape and dynamic waterscape. Static water features include lakes, ponds, ponds and reservoirs. The dynamic waterscape is represented by rivers, mountain streams, hot springs and waterfalls.
6. Planning of Horticultural Plant Species and Varieties
It can be divided into four crops for planning: (1) vegetable plant species and variety planning; (2) Plant species and variety planning; (3) Tea tree species and variety planning; (4) Plant species and variety planning of fruit trees.
This chapter focuses on the types and variety planning of fruit trees.
(4) Planning of fruit tree plant species and varieties
① Understand the variety types of tropical and subtropical fruit trees before planning.
◆ The tropics in China can be divided into: south tropical zone, middle tropical zone and north tropical zone.
Southern tropics: ≥ 10℃ annual active accumulated temperature 10000℃, the most Leng Yue >; 26℃。
Tropical zone: annual active accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ is 9000- 10000℃, and the maximum temperature in Leng Yue is 20-26℃.
North Tropical Zone: ≥ 10℃, the annual active accumulated temperature is 8000-9000℃, and the maximum Leng Yue 15- 20℃.
The main fruit varieties in tropical areas can be divided into pure tropical fruits and general tropical fruits.
● Pure tropical fruits: durian, red peony, mangosteen, breadfruit, cocoa, cashew nuts, etc.
● General tropical fruits: pistachio, papaya, banana, pineapple, guava, mango, coconut, passion fruit, jackfruit, tree grape, Taiwan Province Zizyphus jujube (Taiwan Province Zizyphus jujube) lotus spray, pitaya, mysterious fruit, West Indian cherry, annona, sour bean, yellow thorn fruit, cherry, etc.
● General tropical fruits: pistachio, papaya, banana, pineapple, guava, mango, coconut, passion fruit, jackfruit, tree grape, Taiwan Province Zizyphus jujube (Taiwan Province Zizyphus jujube) lotus spray, pitaya, mysterious fruit, West Indian cherry, annona, sour bean, yellow thorn fruit, cherry, etc.
◆ Subtropical range
● South subtropics
South China: ≥ 10℃ annual active accumulated temperature is 6500-8000℃, and the highest temperature in Leng Yue is 10- 15℃.
Southwest: ≥ 10℃ annual active accumulated temperature is 6000-7500℃, and the highest is Leng Yue 10- 15℃.
● Central subtropical zone
South China: annual active accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ is 5500-6500℃, and the highest temperature in Leng Yue is 5- 10℃.
Southwest: ≥ 10℃ annual active accumulated temperature is 5000-6000℃, and the highest temperature in Leng Yue is 4- 10℃.
◆ Main fruit tree varieties in subtropical zone
Litchi varieties: At present, there are more than 300 litchi varieties and strains collected and recorded in China, of which Guangdong Province accounts for more than 200.
Guangdong main varieties: March Red, White Sugar Poppy, Fraxinus chinensis, Zhongshan Zhuangyuanhong, Round Branch, Jujube, Feizixiao, Black Leaf, Guiwei, Glutinous Rice Paste, Gualv, Jianjiang Hongnuo, Hu Aizhi, Xuehuaizi, Crystal Ball, Xianpo Fruit, Maguili, Red Hydrangea, Shouyu Bag and Shrimp String.
Main varieties of litchi in Guangxi
Lingshan Li Xiang, Jizui Lizi, Shuili, sweet baby, Lilac, Shangshuhuai, Jinzhong, Carmine, Jade Bag, Murraya murraya, Red Guangdong, Bao Xiao, Siliang Fruit, Four Seasons, Longli, Huoshan Lizi, Mami Lizi, Jiangjun Lizi, Rock Sugar Lizi, etc.
Main varieties of litchi in Fujian
Bamboo, Wu Ye, Chen Zi, Justin, Uncle Wu Ye, Zaohong, Xiafanzhi, Guilin, Songjiaxiang, Green Bag, Green Yarn, Liudong No.1, Jidi, Pig Breast Milk, Admiralty, Nanhai Litchi, Bucket, Quanzhou Doll, Laoguanren, Dashugong, Huian Doll, Bixiang, Guihua Red, etc.
Longan variety
● Guangdong longan varieties:
Shijieshi, Chuliang, Gushan No.2, Caopuzhong, Pineapple, Banqiao Longan, Dageyuan, Egg Eye, Ban Ling Longan, Guihua Longan, etc.
Guangxi longan varieties:
Linglong, Dawuyuan, Zaobailu, Chibailu, Guiming 1, Gui Xiang, Xihe Cui Xiang, Gui Long Zaoyi, etc.
● Fujian longan varieties:
, Shuizhang, Wulongling, Buron, Pineapple Spike, Dongbi, Shuinan 1, beginning of winter Ben, September Wu, Gudian No.2, Julong 105, Egg Longan, Baoyuan, etc.
Citrus varieties:
China is the country with the earliest citrus cultivation history in the world, with a cultivation history of more than 4,000 years. There are more than 300 varieties and strains of citrus in China, distributed in 19 provinces.
② Selection of tree species and fruit tree varieties
Sightseeing orchard aims at producing safe and high-quality fruits and putting them on the market, and directly obtains economic benefits. Choosing suitable tree species and varieties is an important decision to achieve orchard management objectives. Therefore, when planning tree species and varieties, we should pay attention to the following situations:
● Choose ecologically suitable areas and develop characteristic fruits.
Production practice has proved that only under suitable ecological conditions can excellent varieties exert their excellent characters. In the selection of varieties, we must first understand what the local characteristic varieties are and what excellent varieties have been successfully introduced nearby (taking Dongguan as an example), so that we can certainly plant excellent varieties suitable for local climate conditions. On the basis of planting excellent local varieties according to local conditions, we will make full use of the differences in latitude, altitude and topography to produce characteristic fruits that are very early, very late, multi-season and off-season.
● Market-oriented, select marketable varieties.
The market requirements for fruit tree varieties are: nutritional safety, beautiful appearance, excellent quality, high-grade novelty. Understand which varieties are popular with consumers; Which varieties are exported to earn foreign exchange; Perennial occurrence of fruits in light season. We should take the annual output of fresh fruit as the main goal, properly consider the variety diversity, focus on solving the problem of off-season fruit production, and adjust the fruit production cycle by using modern scientific and technological means.
● While developing fresh varieties, some processed varieties should be selected.
In addition to making full use of the defective fruit in the orchard for processing, some processed varieties can also be planted appropriately. Such as: extracting papain from papaya milk; Production of fruit juice from guava and passion fruit.
③ Variety configuration and selection of pollinated varieties.
● According to the maturity of each variety, reasonably match the early, middle and late ripening varieties, so that fresh fruits can be supplied to the market all year round.
● For varieties that are self-flowering or self-flowering but have low natural fruit-setting rate, pollinated trees of about 10% should be planted to improve the fruit-setting rate (take Shatian pomelo varieties as an example).
● For parthenocarpy varieties, pollination trees should not be planted (take satsuma and banana varieties as examples).
Citrus is a parthenocarpic variety, and generally there are no seeds.
Bananas and plantains have no seeds, but if there are wild bananas near the garden, they occasionally have seeds.