Hyperlipidemia can be divided into primary and secondary, the former is related to environment and family inheritance. The latter is caused by diabetes, hypothyroidism, obesity and pancreatic diseases. Reasonable diet and lifestyle are of great significance to prevent hyperlipidemia. For patients with hyperlipidemia with genetic tendency, there is no obvious improvement in drug treatment, mainly by adjusting the diet structure, trying not to eat or eat less foods with high cholesterol, such as animal viscera, brain, bone marrow, roe, shellfish, squid, eel and so on. Often eat vegetables and fruits rich in fiber, which contain a lot of phytosterols, which can inhibit the absorption of cholesterol and play an anti-arteriosclerosis role. Moderate or small drinking can also reduce cholesterol, 45 ml of white wine or 90 ml of dry red wine or 188 ml of beer every day. For patients with hyperlipidemia, on the one hand, they should control their diet, on the other hand, they should do moderate exercise, such as jogging. Through exercise, lipase activity in fat increases and blood lipid decreases accordingly. Some patients have normal blood lipids, but they have hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease. This also requires diet control, active exercise and medication under the guidance of a doctor.
Although cholesterol can usually be reduced by reasonable adjustment of diet, exercise and drugs, these methods sometimes fail to treat some patients with refractory and familial hyperlipidemia.
Recently, a system of whole blood directly absorbing blood lipids has appeared in medicine. Totally enclosed disposable blood loop tubes and autologous blood purification and transfusion are used to directly remove excessive harmful blood lipids from blood.
It can also be used to prevent various complications caused by hyperlipidemia and improve microcirculation of coronary heart disease and cerebral infarction. But this is not once and for all. If you don't pay attention to exercise, diet regulation and other auxiliary treatments, blood lipids will rise back to the original level.
Handbook of blood lipid health
1. What is blood lipid? The fatty substances in blood are collectively called blood lipids. Lipids in plasma include cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and non-free fatty acids, which combine with different protein in blood and exist in the form of "lipoproteins". Most cholesterol is synthesized by the human body itself, and a small part is obtained from the diet. Triglycerides, on the other hand, are mostly obtained from diet and a few are synthesized by the human body itself.
2. What is hyperlipidemia? Hyperlipidemia refers to high cholesterol (TC) and/or triglyceride (TG) or low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), which is called dyslipidemia in modern medicine.
3. The harm of hyperlipidemia? Blood lipid is an important substance in the human body, which has many very important functions, but it cannot exceed a certain range. If there is too much blood lipid, it is easy to cause "blood thickening", which will deposit on the blood vessel wall and gradually form small plaques (that is, "atherosclerosis" as we often say). These "plaques" increase and expand, gradually blocking blood vessels, slowing blood flow, and in severe cases, blood flow is interrupted. If this happens to the heart, it will cause coronary heart disease; When it happens in the brain, there will be a stroke; If the fundus blood vessels are blocked, it will lead to decreased vision and blindness; If it occurs in the kidney, it will cause renal arteriosclerosis and renal failure; It occurs in the lower limbs, and limb necrosis and ulceration will occur. In addition, hyperlipidemia can cause hypertension, gallstones, pancreatitis, aggravate hepatitis, and lead to male sexual dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease and other diseases. The latest research suggests that hyperlipidemia may be related to the onset of cancer.
4. Who is prone to hyperlipidemia? Family history of hyperlipidemia; Obese person; Middle-aged and elderly people; Long-term high-sugar diet; Postmenopausal women; Long-term smokers and alcoholics; People who are used to sitting still; People whose lives are irregular, excitable and nervous; Liver and kidney diseases, diabetes, hypertension and other diseases.
5. No symptoms do not mean that blood lipids are not high. Because the onset of hyperlipidemia is a chronic process, mild hyperlipidemia usually does not have any uncomfortable feeling. If you feel better, you will have dizziness, headache, chest tightness, shortness of breath, palpitation, chest pain, fatigue, bickering, inability to speak, numbness of limbs and other symptoms, which will eventually lead to serious diseases such as coronary heart disease and stroke, and the corresponding symptoms will appear.
6. Do you have high blood lipids? Total cholesterol (TC) below 5.20mmol/L(200mg/dl) is normal, and above 5.72mmol /L (200mg/dl) is abnormal. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is lower than 3.12mmol/L (120mg/DL) and higher than 3.64mmol/L( 140mg/dl). High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is normal when it is higher than 1.04mmol/L(40mg/dl), and abnormal when it is lower than 0.9 1mmol/L(35mg/dl). Triglyceride (TG) below1.70mmol/L (150mg/DL) is normal, and above1.70mmol/L (150mg/DL) is abnormal.
7. Three magic weapons for regulating blood lipid: regulating diet structure, improving lifestyle and drug treatment. (1) The principle of regulating diet structure: limit the intake of foods rich in fat and cholesterol; Choose low-fat food (vegetable oil, yogurt); Increase vitamins and fiber (fruits, vegetables, bread and cereals) (2) The daily diet structure of normal elderly people: an egg and a banana; A bowl of milk (not necessarily with sugar, but also with yogurt and milk powder); 500g of fruits and vegetables (multiple varieties can be selected); 100g clean meat, including fish, poultry, livestock and other meats (calculated by edible parts); 50g of bean products (including tofu, yuba, thousands of pieces, bean cakes and all kinds of bean processed products, such as bean paste, bean paste and boiled whole beans); About 500 grams of grain (including rice, flour, miscellaneous grains, roots and sugar); Drink soup every day, one bowl for each meal. (3) Foods with hypolipidemic effect: garlic (65438+ 0~2 pieces of sweet and sour garlic on an empty stomach in the morning), ginger, eggplant, hawthorn, persimmon, auricularia auricula, milk, etc. (4) Examples of diet therapy for hyperlipidemia patients: breakfast, 200ml soybean milk, 50g steamed cake, cooked soybean10g; Chinese food, standard flour and corn flour100g, rice porridge 50g, lean pork 20g, fried green pepper100g, fried beans100g; For dinner, rice150g, Chinese cabbage100g, boiled tofu 50g, vermicelli10g, carp 20g and shredded potatoes100g. All-day cooking oil 12g. (5) improve lifestyle a. lose weight: obesity is excess fat and an external sign of atherosclerosis. B. Quitting smoking: Nicotine and carbon monoxide in tobacco cause and aggravate the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. C. controlling alcohol: drinking less is good for the human body, and drinking more is harmful. Wine is high in calories, and drinking more will aggravate obesity. D. aerobic exercise.
8. Appropriate exercise for the elderly Whether it is appropriate to calculate the amount of exercise through the heart rate, and the heart rate should be kept at (220- age) ×(60%-85%). Sports suitable for the elderly include Tai Ji Chuan, Qigong, jogging, fast walking, slow cycling, swimming, mountain climbing, aerobics for the elderly, gateball, badminton and walking backwards. The best time to exercise in a day: 5 am, the amount of exercise should not be too large, and it should be kept light to medium intensity; 10 in the morning is the best exercise opportunity in a day, and 16~ 17 in the afternoon is the most suitable exercise time for losing weight. 0.5~ 1 hour before dinner, at this time, walking (or brisk walking) and doing health gymnastics are beneficial to the treatment of diabetes. At the same time, we should pay attention to mental health and maintain an optimistic and open-minded attitude towards life.
9. Drug therapy, protecting the heart and protecting the brain. In the early 1990s, the international medical community conducted a large-scale study on lipid-lowering therapy, and the results were encouraging: taking lipid-lowering drugs for a long time not only reduced blood lipids, but also significantly reduced the incidence, disability and mortality of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and stroke. In short, the most fundamental purpose of lipid-lowering therapy is to prevent and delay the occurrence of coronary heart disease, stroke and other diseases. At present, doctors and patients all over the world attach great importance to lipid-lowering treatment, and their concepts have undergone fundamental changes. So some people say that the era of lipid regulation has arrived!
10. How to choose an ideal lipid-lowering drug? When the blood lipid can not be reduced to the ideal level through reasonable adjustment of diet structure, change of bad living habits and strengthening physical exercise, drug treatment must be started. At present, there are many drugs for regulating blood lipid, which are mainly divided into the following three categories: (1) statins, which are mainly used to lower cholesterol, such as Shujiangzhi and Pragu; (2) Bates: mainly reduce triglycerides, such as Novotel and Lipitor; (3) Natural drugs, such as Longtai Jiangzhining, can effectively reduce cholesterol and triglycerides, and can increase high-density lipoprotein, which has the function of comprehensively regulating blood lipids with little side effects. Because the rise of blood lipids is a slow process, the regulation of blood lipids, especially the elimination of adverse effects of blood lipids, also needs a continuous process. Therefore, patients should choose lipid-lowering drugs with obvious lipid-lowering effect and little toxic and side effects according to their own different situations.
1 1. It is very important to check blood lipids: because many people don't know enough about the harm of hyperlipidemia, and hyperlipidemia itself has no symptoms, many people inadvertently find that blood lipids are high. In order to nip in the bud, when you have the following conditions, such as hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, xanthoma of skin or family history of coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, kidney disease, middle-aged and elderly women, postmenopausal women, long-term high-sugar diet, please check your blood lipids as soon as possible. Ordinary people: check blood lipids every 2 years; People over 40 years old: check blood lipid 1 time a year; High-risk groups and patients with hyperlipidemia: check blood lipids regularly according to the doctor's advice.
12. Blood lipid and coronary heart disease: Despite statistics, the mortality rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases has exceeded 1/2 of the total population mortality rate. Coronary heart disease is also called coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. The coronary artery is the artery that supplies blood to the heart. Because of excessive fat deposition, it causes arteriosclerosis, blocks blood flow, causes heart ischemia, and produces a series of symptoms, namely coronary heart disease. Risk factors of coronary heart disease: hyperlipidemia, smoking, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, lack of physical activity, excessive mental stress, family history of coronary heart disease, oral contraceptives, etc. Among them, hyperlipidemia is one of the important risk factors of coronary heart disease. Regulating blood lipid is the most basic therapy to prevent and treat coronary heart disease: when the serum total cholesterol level drops by 65438 0%, the incidence of coronary heart disease drops by 2%. As long as you have coronary heart disease, no matter whether your blood lipid is high or not, you should take lipid-regulating drugs for a long time. Because long-term lipid-lowering therapy can reduce the incidence and mortality of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction.
13. Relationship between blood lipids and cerebral infarction: When cholesterol in blood rises, atherosclerotic plaques are easily formed, which accumulate on the arterial wall, narrowing the arterial lumen, blocking blood from flowing into the corresponding parts, resulting in insufficient kinetic energy. Occurred in cerebral vessels, causing cerebral infarction. Medicine has proved that long-term lipid-lowering therapy can not only treat cerebral infarction, but also prevent it. Lipid-regulating therapy and stroke: There are many reasons for stroke, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, drinking, obesity, old age, diabetes, blood diseases and so on. Among them, hyperlipidemia and cerebral atherosclerosis are one of the important risk factors of cerebral infarction. Many studies have proved that long-term lipid-lowering therapy can significantly reduce the incidence and disability rate of stroke, so clinicians pay more and more attention to the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
14. Blood lipids and diabetes: Hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia are called "three highs" and are the main risk factors that threaten the health and life of diabetic patients. These three are closely related. Hyperlipidemia will aggravate diabetes, so diabetic patients need to adjust their blood lipids in addition to treating hyperglycemia, which is the key to reduce the mortality and disability rate of diabetic patients. Diabetic patients should pay attention to regulating blood lipids: diabetes complicated with hyperlipidemia is more likely to lead to stroke, coronary heart disease, limb necrosis, fundus lesions, renal lesions, neuropathy and so on. These long-term complications of diabetes are the main causes of disability or premature death of diabetic patients. More than half of diabetic patients are complicated with hyperlipidemia, and active treatment of hyperlipidemia is of great benefit to controlling blood sugar and preventing complications. Regulating blood sugar can improve blood lipid to a certain extent, but to reach the ideal level, intervention of lipid-regulating drugs is needed. The treatment of diabetes and lipid metabolism has become the standard to control the condition of diabetic patients.
15. Lipids and fatty liver: Fatty liver is caused by a large accumulation of liver fat, often accompanied by elevated blood lipids. B-ultrasound examination is the main method to check fatty liver at present. The incidence of fatty liver is as high as 5~ 10%. About 35% of adults with elevated transaminase in physical examination are fatty liver, and some patients can develop cirrhosis. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of fatty liver is very important to prevent the progress of chronic liver disease and improve the prognosis. Who is prone to fatty liver: patients with hyperlipidemia, diabetes, abdominal fat accumulation, long-term heavy drinkers, obese people, patients with viral hepatitis. What are the symptoms of fatty liver? Mild fatty liver mostly has no conscious symptoms. Moderate and severe manifestations are hepatomegaly, loss of appetite, swelling and pain in liver area, and elevated transaminase. A few cases have mild jaundice and splenomegaly. What should patients with fatty liver do: Early treatment can prevent the development of fatty liver, and most fatty liver can be cured. Including eliminating the cause, improving the lifestyle and adjusting the diet structure; Use lipid-regulating drugs for treatment.
16. Longtai Jiangzhining Granule is a pure natural pharmaceutical preparation. It has been clinically proved for many years that it can obviously reduce the levels of serum cholesterol, triglyceride and serum low-density lipoprotein sterol, and can obviously improve the symptoms such as dizziness, chest tightness, chest pain, palpitation, limb numbness and arrhythmia caused by hyperlipidemia. Has dual functions of treatment and prevention, has no side effects, and is safe and reliable in clinical use.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that after a certain age, kidney qi gradually declines, kidney yang and kidney yin are all deficient, and fire is easy to act rashly, leading to hyperactivity of liver yang, or even excessive fire, which leads to dysfunction of spleen and stomach, stagnation of damp heat, endogenous phlegm and dampness, which leads to hyperlipidemia and further development of phlegm and dampness, and finally leads to venous obstruction and coronary heart disease symptoms such as chest obstruction and heartache. Traditional Chinese medicine mostly adopts nourishing yin and tonifying kidney.
Dietary therapy for hyperlipidemia
Key points of food selection for the treatment of hyperlipidemia
(1) Restrain staple food. People who are overweight or obese should pay special attention to moderation. Avoid pure sugar foods and sweets.
(2) Eat more fish (especially marine fish), soybeans and bean products, poultry meat, lean meat and other foods that can provide high-quality protein but are low in saturated fatty acids and cholesterol.
(3) Control the intake of viscera such as animal liver, and strictly limit animal brain, crab roe and roe.
(4) Cook with vegetable oil to minimize the intake of animal fat.
(5) Eat more vegetables, fruits and coarse grains. And ensure the proper intake of dietary fiber, vitamins and inorganic salts. In particular, you should eat more foods rich in niacin, vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamin B6.
(6) It has been found that many foods have hypolipidemic effects:
① Garlic: Garlic can increase high-density lipoprotein in blood, which is beneficial to prevent arteriosclerosis.
② Eggplant: The decomposition products of eggplant in intestine can be combined with excess cholesterol and excreted.
③ Mushrooms and auricularia auricula: It can lower blood cholesterol and triglyceride. According to the research, its cholesterol-lowering effect is stronger than that of Antoine 10 times.
④ Onion and kelp: Onion can reduce arterial lipid deposition; Iodine and magnesium in kelp can also prevent arterial lipid deposition.
⑤ Soybeans: Researchers found that eating 1 15g of beans every day can reduce blood cholesterol by 20%, especially low-density lipoprotein related to atherosclerosis.
⑥ Tea: Tea can reduce blood lipids, and the blood cholesterol content and incidence of coronary heart disease of residents in tea areas are significantly lower than those in other areas.
⑦ Fish: Fish contains a lot of high unsaturated fatty acids, which is beneficial to lower blood cholesterol.
(8) Vegetable oil: It contains unsaturated fatty acids necessary for human body and can lower blood cholesterol, especially sesame oil, corn oil and peanut oil.
Pet-name ruby other foods, such as hawthorn, celery, wax gourd, oats, apples, etc. , all have different degrees of hypolipidemic effect.
3. One-day recipe example
Breakfast: skim milk 250ml (skim milk 250g), corn flour cake (corn flour 100g), shredded lettuce 150g (lettuce 150g).
Lunch: steamed bread or rice 100g (flour or rice 100g), stewed tofu (dry rice 15g, mushrooms 25g, tofu 100g), fried shredded tomatoes (eggplant 100g).
Dinner: steamed bread or rice (100g flour or rice), tomato fried cabbage (50g tomato and 100g cabbage), stewed chicken nuggets (100g chicken nuggets).
All-day cooking oil 10g. The above recipes contain 1682 kcal (7.03 MJ) of heat energy.
Q: What should patients with hyperlipidemia pay attention to in their daily life?
Patients with hyperlipidemia can pay attention to the following aspects to reduce blood lipids:
Prescription for lowering blood fat 1: light diet, less greasy.
Prescription 2: eat more fruits,
Prescription 3 for reducing blood fat increases physical exercise.
Simply put: you must lose weight.
Q: Specifically, what should patients with hyperlipidemia pay attention to in their diet?
Diet is a non-drug treatment. First of all, patients with hyperlipidemia should adhere to a reasonable diet and a balanced diet with low cholesterol. Eat more foods rich in protein and unsaturated fatty acids, such as lean meat, poultry, fish, shrimp, beans, bean products, cereals, fruits and vegetables. This can reduce the components in blood lipids, and some animal internal organs such as fat meat, dairy products, egg yolk, brain, liver, kidney and intestine should be eaten less. These things are high in cholesterol, so eat less sweets.
Q: Do you have to give up drinking because of high blood lipids?
Patients should abstain from alcohol, especially those with hyperlipidemia. For normal people, we call it martial law and alcohol restriction. For patients with hyperlipidemia, we still don't drink alcohol, because alcohol intake will still affect blood lipids.
Q: How often is it appropriate to check blood lipids?
When hyperlipidemia is detected, we hope that patients will have a healthy lifestyle intervention. We recommend that patients be examined every four to six weeks and monitored for two to three months. If blood lipids tend to be normal, they can be rechecked every three to six months. If it doesn't meet the standard, it needs medication. After drug treatment, we also recommend monitoring patients for four to six weeks and three to six months after reaching the standard.
How to simply eliminate blood thickening
For people with high blood viscosity, doctors emphasize that diet should be light, avoid smoking and alcohol, and appropriate participation in exercise is the most radical treatment. Some people advocate that the simple and effective method is to drink a cup of light salt water or cold boiled water in the morning, at noon and at night, especially in the summer when the incidence of blood viscosity is high, drinking water can have a preventive effect. Some people even advised the elderly to develop the habit of drinking water without thirst. There are also studies that drinking tea has anticoagulant effect; Auricularia auricula has hemolytic effect, and long-term drinking and eating can prevent thrombosis. In addition, corn, soybeans, black beans, garlic, ginger, onions, hawthorn, milk and so on. They all have the effects of reducing blood fat, inhibiting cholesterol synthesis and reducing blood viscosity to varying degrees. Clinical observation shows that drugs such as vitamin C, vitamin E, aspirin, dipyridamole and compound Danshen can improve blood vessel function, increase blood flow speed, inhibit blood agglutination and dissolve thrombus, and can be taken under the guidance of doctors.
Clinically, some elderly people have no organic diseases themselves, but after a little work, they always feel headache, brain swelling, chest tightness, palpitation and shortness of breath, listlessness all day long, lethargy all day long, sometimes blurred vision and unstable standing. This kind of person is often found to have high blood viscosity, referred to as "thick blood".
Excessive smoking and drinking can lead to blood thickening, so the elderly who like alcohol and tobacco should drink a large glass of boiled water after getting up in the morning and before going to bed at night, which can reduce the blood viscosity. You can also drink more tea (especially green tea) in peacetime.
Irregular life, long-term mental stress or excessive psychological pressure can also easily lead to "thick blood", so you should develop good life rules and maintain a good mood. In addition, "moderate exercise" such as walking, brisk walking, jogging and Tai Ji Chuan can also accelerate lipid metabolism and reduce blood regulation.
Patients with thick blood should have a light diet and eat more coarse grains, green leafy vegetables and fruits, such as soybeans, black beans, corn, oats, buckwheat, milk, ginger, garlic, onions, auricularia auricula, mushrooms, hawthorn, lemon, tomatoes, red grapes, celery, spirulina, carrots, apples and kiwifruit.
These foods have the functions of lowering blood lipid, inhibiting platelet aggregation and preventing thrombosis. Animal fat (especially viscera) and sweets will aggravate "blood thickening", so eat less.