Many parents are familiar with oseltamivir, especially during the flu season, doctors often prescribe this medicine for babies with colds. Some parents have heard of this specific anti-influenza drug, and even tried to stock some at home. Once they catch a cold, they will give it to their babies or use it to prevent colds. However, some parents saw all kinds of adverse reactions listed in the instructions and dared not give them to their babies. Some parents want to know why their children still have a fever after taking oseltamivir. Can you still give the baby antipyretic or other medicine? Can I take it with antibiotics? /kloc-can the baby below 0/take oseltamivir? ..... If you have such doubts, you can look at the pharmacist's answers to some common questions about oseltamivir.

0 1

What medicine is oseltamivir?

Oseltamivir is an anti-influenza drug, which can prevent the replication and pathogenicity of influenza virus in human body, relieve flu symptoms and reduce the spread of influenza A or B virus. Therefore, oseltamivir can be used to treat and prevent influenza A and B. (The key point here is that oseltamivir is mainly used to treat influenza A and B, not all viruses. Note the difference between anti-influenza virus and anti-virus.

02

How old can children take oseltamivir? How to take it

China's drug instructions indicate that oseltamivir is used to treat influenza A and B in adults and children over 1 year-old and 1 year-old (patients should use it within 48 hours of the first symptom); It can be used for preventing influenza A and B in adults and adolescents aged 65,438+03 and over 65,438+03.

However, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of oseltamivir to treat children with flu symptoms for more than 2 weeks (14 days) and less than 48 hours. (Pay attention to whether it is used to prevent influenza A and B virus infection, or whether the user is required to be over 1 year old. According to the data of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, it is suggested that

In 20 16, the knowledge of China experts on the treatment and prevention of influenza antiviral drugs formulated by the Respiratory Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Pediatrics Branch of Chinese Medical Association also recommended the usage and dosage of children under 1, so oseltamivir can still be used for infants under 1. The following table shows the dose of oseltamivir recommended by experts for preventing and treating influenza at all ages:

03

Do I have to take oseltamivir if I have the flu?

We know that the common cold is a self-limiting disease, that is, if the symptoms are mild, most people can recover without taking medicine. Influenza can also be regarded as an upgraded version of the common cold, and most of them will heal themselves without taking oseltamivir. Taking oseltamivir can shorten the course of disease, possibly reduce the occurrence of complications (such as otitis media) and reduce the severity of the disease. Therefore, for non-high-risk people with low risk of complications, we can judge whether to take oseltamivir according to our own situation. However, for the high-risk population of severe influenza, it is recommended to take oseltamivir as soon as possible (the best effect is within 48 hours) to avoid the development of severe influenza or complications.

According to the Influenza Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Version 20 18) issued by People's Republic of China (PRC) and the National Health and Family Planning Commission, children under 5 years old (less than 2 years old are more likely to have serious complications) and patients with basic diseases and low immune function are high-risk groups of severe influenza, so it is best to take oseltamivir as soon as possible.

04

When is it appropriate to take oseltamivir?

Careful parents will find that the instructions mention that patients should use oseltamivir within 48 hours of the first symptom. Why? If it exceeds 48 hours, can it be used again?

Because oseltamivir can only inhibit virus replication, but can't kill the virus, that is to say, the virus that has been produced still depends on the human immune system to remove it, but if no new virus is produced, the cold will be fine as the previous virus is gradually eliminated. The number of cells infected by virus in the early stage is still very small, and the virus infection is limited to a small range. Therefore, if the flu is suspected and diagnosed, the sooner you take oseltamivir after symptoms appear, the better the effect, which can shorten the duration of symptoms and reduce some complications. Theoretically, the virus basically completed its proliferation within 48 hours. If it has been more than 48 hours, the benefits of taking medicine will be greatly reduced.

Therefore, for children with mild symptoms or obvious improvement, taking oseltamivir after 48 hours will not have much benefit, and they can heal themselves without taking medicine.

However, for severely ill children, or children whose symptoms have not improved or worsened, even if the symptoms exceed 48 hours, they can still be considered. You can also benefit from oseltamivir. You can eat it.

In any of the following circumstances, the circumstances are serious.

1. Persistent high fever >: 3 days, accompanied by severe cough, expectoration, bloody sputum, or chest pain;

2. Shortness of breath, dyspnea and cyanosis of lips;

3. Mental changes: unresponsiveness, lethargy, fidgeting, convulsions, etc.

4. Severe vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration;

5. pneumonia;

6. The original underlying diseases are obviously aggravated.

05

Can oseltamivir be taken with antipyretics or antibiotics?

If the child's temperature is above 38.5℃ or/and has headache, muscle aches and other discomfort, ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be given to relieve fever and pain, and attention should be paid to avoiding the use of salicylic acid drugs. Salicylic acid drugs (such as aspirin) are related to the occurrence of Wright's syndrome, especially viral infectious diseases (such as influenza).

Antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. If it's just the flu, you don't need to take antibiotics. However, if the doctor diagnoses a bacterial infection, antibiotics need to be added.

06

If the child takes oseltamivir for one day, and the fever goes down quickly, do you need to continue taking it for another five days?

Oseltamivir was used to treat influenza for 5 days. If the drug is stopped early, the virus may continue to replicate and reproduce, leading to repeated illness; It may also promote the resistance of influenza virus to oseltamivir, which is still contagious at this time, so it is recommended to have enough treatment.

07

How to take oseltamivir? What are the side effects?

Oseltamivir can be taken with or without food, which can reduce gastrointestinal adverse reactions and increase drug tolerance.

The most common side effect of oseltamivir is gastrointestinal discomfort, mainly nausea and vomiting, and most of them can be relieved by themselves. A few patients may also have rashes and neuropsychiatric symptoms. If allergic reaction or suspected allergic reaction occurs, stop taking medicine and give appropriate treatment. If there are neuropsychiatric symptoms, professional medical personnel should weigh the pros and cons before deciding whether to continue taking the medicine.

08

Can oseltamivir replace influenza vaccine?

No, this medicine only plays a role in preventing influenza during medication. In view of the adverse reactions of this drug, it can't be used for a long time, so it can't replace the flu vaccine. During the influenza epidemic or after contact with influenza patients, only the following children can consider using antiviral drugs to prevent influenza:

1) High-risk children who have not established stable immunity after vaccination (within 2 weeks after vaccination);

2) Children with high risk of complications who have not been vaccinated due to contraindications or are difficult to obtain effective immunity after vaccination (such as severe immune deficiency caused by various reasons, and the antigen gap between vaccinated strains and epidemic strains is large);

3) Children ≥ 1 year-old who are in close contact with high-risk groups of influenza complications. (Text/Clock)

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