First, diffuse non-atrophic gastritis Chronic non-atrophic gastritis is often called superficial gastritis, which refers to chronic gastritis with no atrophic changes in gastric mucosa and infiltration of inflammasome cells mainly composed of reticulocytes and plasma cells.
According to the location of inflammation, it can be divided into gastric antrum gastritis, gastric body gastritis and total gastritis. According to the infiltration degree of inflammatory cells in gastric mucosa, chronic gastritis can be divided into three levels: mild, moderate and severe; According to whether there is monocyte infiltration in the epithelial tissue of gastric mucosa, it can be divided into static stage and active stage. The active period of chronic gastritis is that chronic gastritis has been subacute.
Helicobacter pylori infection usually produces gastric antrum gastritis first, and then slowly spreads to total gastritis near the stomach. There are significant individual differences in the development trend and speed of total gastritis.
Second, diffuse atrophic gastritis Chronic atrophic gastritis refers to chronic gastritis with atrophic changes in gastric mucosa. Chronic atrophic gastritis can be further divided into multifocal atrophic gastritis and autoimmune gastritis.
The former atrophic changes are caused by multiple lesions in the stomach, mainly gastric antrum, mostly due to the development trend of chronic non-atrophic gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori infection, which is very common in medicine. The key to the aging change of the latter lies in the stomach, which is mostly caused by the development trend of gastritis in the stomach caused by autoimmune, which is very rare.
Atrophic gastritis is the aging of glandular ducts of gastric mucosa epithelial tissue, which is the softening of gastric mucosa, not the atrophy of stomach. In fact, it is the aging of gastric mucosa, which is caused by chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa. It can be divided into: aging with intestinal metaplasia and without intestinal metaplasia. According to the obvious degree of the disease, aging and intestinal metaplasia can be divided into three levels: mild, moderate and severe.
Third, special types of gastritis Special types of gastritis mainly include: infectious gastritis (such as tuberculosis, syphilis infection, bacteria, rubella virus, etc. ), chemical gastritis (bile reflux, long-term use of NSAID or other chemicals harmful to gastric mucosa), radiation gastritis (caused by radiotherapy), acne-like gastritis, congestive gastritis (such as portal hypertensive gastropathy).
The diagnosis of chronic gastritis depends on the pathological examination of gastroscope and gastric mucosa biopsy, especially the latter is more valuable, especially the pathological examination is the standard of atrophic gastritis. However, with the development trend of endoscopy, using magnifying gastroscope and NBI gastroscope can basically diagnose aging and intestinal metaplasia under endoscopy, and the coincidence rate with pathological examination is obviously enhanced.
Research shows that chronic atrophic gastritis is a kind of chronic gastritis with great harm! It is often considered as a precancerous disease, that is, some patients with this kind of gastritis may develop into gastric cancer (note that it is only a small part). At the same time, intestinal metaplasia belongs to precancerous lesions, but only incomplete intestinal metaplasia temple can be regarded as real precancerous lesions, and people with such lesions are more prone to gastric cancer.
Gastric precancerous diseases and precancerous lesions must be followed up by gastroscope on time. Generally, moderate and severe aging and intestinal metaplasia need to be examined by gastroscope once a year in order to properly handle the lesions.
Naturally, it should be noted here that no matter what kind of gastritis, abnormal growth (also known as intestinal metaplasia, tumor-like changes in epithelial tissue) can occur. Abnormal growth means that when somatic cells grow, their characteristics are abnormal. It is often considered as a precancerous lesion of gastric cancer, which can develop into gastric cancer and needs to be paid great attention to.
Therefore, if gastroscopy reveals atrophic gastritis, it is recommended to consult doctors and experts immediately and make regular follow-up visits. Chronic atrophic gastritis is related to many factors, including helicobacter pylori infection, bile reflux, immunity, heredity, age, high salt and low vitamin diet, etc. Helicobacter pylori infection: WHO lists Helicobacter pylori infection as a carcinogen.
Bile reflux bile liquid can destroy the natural barrier of gastric mucosa, weaken the repair function of gastric mucosa and cause chronic atrophic gastritis. Older age, weak gastrointestinal motility and smoking may be the reasons for bile reflux.
Studies have shown that vitamin b2 12, folic acid tablet deficiency and chronic Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with atrophic gastritis can inhibit the metabolism of vitamin C in gastric mucosa, reduce the ability of vitamin C to scavenge free radicals and nitrates, and further aggravate the degree of chronic atrophic gastritis. Immune factors: atrophic gastritis of stomach body is related to autoimmunity.
Long-term over-temperature, high-salt diet and low intake of fresh fruits, vegetables and fruits are related to chronic atrophic gastritis, but the relationship with alcoholism has not been established. For chronic atrophic gastritis, if healthy living habits are cultivated in daily life, a very large part of atrophic gastritis can be prevented and reduced. Here, Dr. Liu gave us some suggestions:
First, cultivate a good diet structure. Usually try to reduce overnight meals, salted smoked and salty ingredients; At the same time, eat a lot of new fruits and vegetables, fresh fruits. Eat less raw, cold, hard, spicy, irritating food and foods with high calories. Eat food that is easy to digest, and don't eat unclean ingredients such as overtemperature, expiration, frying and mildew.
Second, pay attention to the immediate and thorough elimination of Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter pylori is a high risk factor for gastritis and its gastric cancer. Successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori can improve the pathology of gastric mucosa, prevent digestive tract ulcer and reduce the occurrence of gastric cancer. For some patients with dyspepsia, it can also greatly improve the symptoms. Therefore, if Helicobacter pylori infection is detected, the following populations must be eliminated immediately:
Accompanied by gastric mucosal erosion, aging and intestinal metaplasia and abnormality; Patients with dyspepsia; Patients with a family history of gastric cancer. Third, avoid tobacco companies.
Smoking is not only harmful to our lungs and physical and mental health, but also harmful to our stomach. Therefore, it is essential to quit smoking in order to avoid chronic gastritis and its related diseases such as gastric cancer. Cherish life and avoid tobacco companies.
Fourth, moderate fitness exercise is beneficial to the physical and mental health of everyone's stomach, enhances the charm of gastric peristalsis, prevents indigestion and bloating discomfort, and then reduces the prevalence of chronic atrophic gastritis. Therefore, it is suggested that everyone should do proper exercise every week, which is of great benefit to our digestive tract.
Chronic gastritis is a very common disease, so don't worry too much, but we must pay full attention to it, especially for patients with chronic atrophic gastritis. Be sure to do a good job of gastroscopy follow-up on time every year to observe the changes of the condition.