With the development and progress of society, more and more social problems follow. Faced with complex and changeable social problems, modern society has produced some new occupations to solve these problems, and social work is one of them. Then, the following is what I share with you about the development and difficulties of localized community social work. Welcome to read and browse.

I. Definition of Community Work

With the development and progress of society, more and more social problems follow. Faced with complex and changeable social problems, modern society has produced some new occupations to solve these problems, and social work is one of them. Social work is a profession used to solve social problems, especially those of vulnerable groups, improve their welfare and promote social progress. Community social work is an integral part of social work. There are many explanations about the definition of community social work. Zhou Pei explained that community social work is the basic method of professional social work. It takes communities and community residents as the main cases, determines community problems and needs, mobilizes community resources, strives for external assistance, solves or prevents social problems in a planned way, and adjusts or improves social relations by mobilizing and organizing community residents to participate in collective actions. Reduce social contradictions, cultivate the spirit of self-help, mutual assistance and self-determination, enhance community cohesion, cultivate community residents' awareness of democratic participation, explore and train community leaders, and promote community progress. Wang Sibin's explanation of community work is that social work involving the whole community and its members can solve community problems and meet community needs by organizing members to participate in collective actions in a planned way. In the process of participation, let members establish a sense of belonging to the community, cultivate the spirit of self-help, mutual assistance and self-determination, strengthen their awareness of community participation and influencing decision-making ability, and give full play to the potential of members.

Second, develop localized social work.

Since 1980s, social work in China has been restored and rebuilt, which has gone through three main stages: the restoration and expansion of professional social work, the exploration of professional social work practice and professionalization, and the promotion of social work system and system construction. In the past 20 years, the specialization, professionalization and institutionalization of social work have made great progress, accumulated the initial experience of localization, and presented some remarkable characteristics. In the future development, social work is highly valued by the party and the government and widely supported by the society. China's exploration of professional social work practice began with the social work practice experiment initiated by 1997. In order to promote the construction of social work specialization system, the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued the Notice on Strengthening the Professional Construction of Social Work Team to the Civil Affairs Bureaus of all provinces in early 2003, requiring qualified places to actively carry out the pilot work of social work specialization system construction. In the same year, Shanghai took the lead in establishing a professional qualification system for social workers jointly implemented by the Civil Affairs Bureau and the Personnel Bureau. Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province have successively established a social worker level grade examination system and a social work and management post qualification certificate examination system; Beijing Civil Affairs Bureau and Personnel Bureau jointly launched? Community full-time workers? The system of holding certificates; Tianjin, Fujian, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Ningbo, Baotou and other provinces and cities have also actively explored and piloted the construction of social work professional language system. The exploration and experiments in the professionalization of social work in these places have accumulated valuable practical experience for promoting the evaluation system of social workers' professional level throughout the country.

Third, the development status of social work in Qinghai Province

Qinghai province is an underdeveloped area with weak social work foundation and lack of social work professionals. According to the investigation of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, there are 53 social work organizations in the province, with 42,555 employees. There are 4,905 community construction institutions with employees 1656 1 person; There are 798 social welfare service institutions of non-governmental organizations with 6384 employees; Since then, the social work talent team has been investigated and counted: at present, there are 26,550 social work talents in our province, including 402 social work professionals. It is estimated that the number of social workers will reach 5,000 in 20 15, and 7,500 in 2020, forming a situation in which social work service agencies are the mainstay. Based on the author's six-month professional practice in xx community of Xining City, this paper analyzes that social work in Qinghai Province is very immature, with unclear concept and no professional social work service concept, values and professional methods.

Fourthly, the problems and difficulties in the development of localized community social work.

The author conducted a six-month professional internship in XX Community, Xining City, Qinghai Province. In the half-year professional practice, I found some problems and dilemmas faced by the development of localized community social work, which are also problems and dilemmas faced by the development of social work. XX community has a wide jurisdiction, with more than 10,000 residents. XX community has its particularity. Some residents of XX Road Community are retired workers of XX Company, so there are more elderly people in XX Community. There are also some office workers with children at home. There are many problems in this community, which can be roughly divided into three categories: 1, parents have to go to work during the day, children have no homework after school, and children are safe at home (youth service); 2. There are many elderly people, but there are limited activities for them. Are many elderly people living alone safe at home? 3. Care and help for disabled families (disabled families); Anyone who has done a questionnaire survey knows that it is more difficult to enter the urban community than the rural community, so the author just entered the XX community to do household surveys with community workers and establish relationships. Even for community workers, it is not easy to enter residents' homes to do household surveys. Residents' sense of identity and belonging to the community is not strong, and some residents don't even know where the community neighborhood Committee is. In order to carry out community social work and better serve residents, we must first establish relationships, including trust, sincerity, acceptance and interaction.

During the internship, all the activities we did were to establish relationships with community residents. Building relationships is a protracted war. From the activities and activities evaluation, we observed that we have established a good relationship with the xx community. It is very necessary to establish relationships in community work, and it is also the basis for developing community activities. Good interaction facilitates further intervention in the later period. During the half-year internship, we found some problems in community work: 1, the service of community work is mostly right or wrong, the service to community residents is limited, and there is a lack of interaction between communities and residents. 2. Residents' sense of identity and belonging to the community is not strong, and community residents lack communication and community culture, which makes them exist as independent individuals or small groups, lacking sense of identity and belonging to the community; 3. The community has too much unnecessary administrative work and is the executive organ of the government administrative department. The construction of urban communities in China is carried out under the background of social transformation, increasing social problems and the transformation of social management system. In addition to the functions of community management and service, the community also undertakes the work assigned by the relevant government administrative departments to a certain extent, which increases the workload of the community; 4. Community residents don't understand social workers and often equate social workers with volunteers; 5. Waste community resources. Many resources in the community have been shelved due to lack of staff maintenance, such as electronic reading rooms, libraries, fitness equipment and so on. To solve these problems, we can solve them slowly through community work. The specific goal of community work is to promote the participation of community residents. By encouraging residents' participation, it will help to solve the problem and the growth of residents themselves. In the process of promoting residents' participation, social workers will constantly discover and tap the potential of residents and promote their self-reliance and self-determination ability. At the same time, strengthen the deeper social consciousness and enhance the sense of belonging and identity of community residents. 2. Improve the social awareness of community residents, let them reflect and express their opinions, rights and obligations, care about community problems, improve community relations, and make community resources and rights equally distributed; 3. Make good use of community resources to meet community needs. On the one hand, make full use of community resources to avoid duplication and waste. On the other hand, residents can get better services and improve their quality of life. 4. Cultivate the virtues of mutual care and community care. Through mutual care and interaction, community residents can realize the importance of groups, which is conducive to reducing the sense of alienation in modern society. According to these goals, we can solve some problems of community work mentioned above. For residents who don't understand social workers, social workers are often equated with volunteers. To solve this problem, our solution is to go deep into the community and hold a series of activities such as youth activities, elderly activities and lectures for the disabled, so as to link some resources for the community and explain what social work is. In the later evaluation, we learned that some residents had a preliminary understanding of social work.

Social work must have its own localized social work if it wants to enter the community and serve the residents. We can learn from social work in the west and Hong Kong, but we can't copy it. It is necessary to develop localized social work, but these problems must be solved before developing localized social work.

Take Xining City, Qinghai Province as an example: 1, low visibility: this is not only an embarrassing problem for the development of community social work, but also an embarrassing problem for the overall development of social work. As a major, social work is ubiquitous in developed countries, and it is also developing in the form of a major in Hong Kong. In Chinese mainland, social work seems to be a theoretical form most of the time. In developed Guangzhou and Shenzhen, the status quo of social workers may be better, but 2. Low degree of specialization: the development of social work in China is short and slow, so the degree of specialization of social work in China is low, and most theoretical knowledge lacks practical support. Confucius advocated teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, and social work in Chinese mainland should also be adapted to local conditions. The mainland is no better than western countries and Hong Kong. Under the background of different economic and political systems, social work in Chinese mainland should have its own development and practical significance, and its own localized working methods. 3. Low degree of specialization: Low degree of specialization is a very common phenomenon, because the development time of social work in China is short and the construction of specialization system is not perfect. When a theoretical knowledge or discipline becomes a profession, its popularity will also expand. 4. The institutionalization of social work is not perfect; 5. Brain drain of social work: There are many reasons for brain drain of social work. The main reason is that: (1) there is no job, and no job involves the aforementioned problem of low professionalism. Many colleges and universities offer social work majors, but there are no jobs to serve them, which leads many students majoring in social work to choose other jobs; (2) Low wages, which is also a problem that leads to brain drain, and social work is still immature, such as welfare homes and other institutions in Hui Ling. The salary is not high, leading to brain drain; (3) Role orientation, many people are unwilling to engage in mentally retarded services, so they choose to quit.

Five, the localization of social work problems and solutions to the dilemma.

Taking Xining City in Qinghai Province as an example, this paper makes corresponding solutions to the above problems and dilemmas: 1, the popularity of social work in Qinghai is low, for example, professional social work service stations can be set up in various communities in Xining to publicize the significance and usage of social work stations, and government agencies should pay attention to social work and provide some resources; 2. For the low degree of specialization, the author thinks that while strengthening theoretical knowledge, we should also pay attention to professional practice. Social work is a professional discipline, and theoretical knowledge alone is not enough to support professional practice. Social work qualification examination can be used as a basis. 3. The degree of specialization is low. Social work is a new profession in Qinghai, which is in the primary stage. It can be seen from the low popularity of social work that the degree of specialization of social work is very low. So the Ministry of Civil Affairs applied for the project? Area three? Project, to provide job support for social work, in addition, for example, to improve the degree of specialization, social work stations can be set up in communities, schools and so on. Because the author is an intern in the community and needs to set up a workstation in the community, community workers have their responsibilities and have no time to pay attention to more things, which requires social workers to intervene and share something they can't take care of, such as: community culture, investigating and understanding the needs of residents and meeting their needs; 4. The imperfect system construction depends on the government's recognition of social work, and the establishment of a perfect system is directly related to the good development of social work; 5. Brain drain of social workers. For this problem, three points are summarized above: (1) There are no jobs, social workers in Qinghai are underdeveloped, and there are no more jobs to serve social workers, which leads to the brain drain of social workers; For this, this year? Area three? The project may bring some new hopes, in addition, professional social work posts can be set up in communities, schools and institutions; (2) Low salary. For this practical problem, the author believes that it should be solved more from the institutional level. Social work is to help people. If we charge a relatively large amount of activity funds when serving the helpers, it may bring trouble to the recipients. Social work is a profession, and low wages will lead to the plight of workers' own lives, so the government should give some financial subsidies. This will reduce the brain drain of social workers; (3) Role orientation. Some people can't accept providing services for the disabled and choose to engage in other occupations. For these people, the author thinks that their choices should be respected and social work advocates self-determination. Now that they have made a choice, we respect them. Community social work is a kind of social work. In addition to the above problems and dilemmas, there is another point: if social work stations are set up in the community, the division of labor should be clear, social work stations should not participate in administrative work, and all attention should be paid to community services, so as to find the needs of community residents and provide services for residents who need individual help.

Qinghai localized social work has great potential for development. Take community social work as an example: ethnic communities. Qinghai province is a multi-ethnic gathering place, so it is necessary to participate in ethnic community work. For example, there is a community in Xining. Most of the residents are Tibetan compatriots in Yushu. Some work in Xining, and some moved from Yushu after the earthquake. Such a community needs more attention from social workers to provide psychological counseling for residents who have moved after the disaster to adapt to the new living environment. It is also useful to carry out social work in pastoral areas. The author understands that many resources in pastoral areas are wasted or lack opportunities because of the lack of media. For example, in XX pastoral area, a lot of milk is unsalable because of the lack of resource links. Later, milk was sent to the dairy factory through the resource link of social workers, which not only solved the problem of unsalable milk, but also brought some income to local herders and environmental protection problems in pastoral areas. All these require social workers to play different roles to guide residents to participate in the completion.

The development of localized social work in Qinghai is inseparable from the efforts of the government and the profession itself. From the government level, formulate policies and regulations to support the development of social work and create a big environment for the development of social work. The government began to provide more jobs for social work to prevent brain drain; Professional self-construction: improve professional quality and professional skills.

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