(A) the principle of individual differences
Exercise prescriptions must vary from person to person, and should not be the same. According to the specific situation of each participant or patient, exercise prescriptions that meet the objective conditions and requirements of the individual's body should be formulated. Different diseases have different exercise prescriptions; The same disease has different exercise prescriptions at different stages; The same person should have different exercise prescriptions in different functional states.
(B) the principle of effectiveness
The formulation and implementation of exercise prescription should improve the functional status of participants or patients. When making exercise prescription, we should arrange all the contents scientifically and reasonably; In the process of implementing exercise prescription, we should carefully complete the training according to quality and quantity.
(3) Safety principle
Exercise according to the exercise prescription should be carried out within a safe range. If it exceeds the safe limit, it may be dangerous. When formulating and implementing exercise prescriptions, we should strictly follow the regulations and requirements to ensure safety.
(4) the principle of comprehensiveness
Exercise prescription should follow the principle of comprehensive physical and mental health. In the formulation and implementation of exercise prescription, attention should be paid to maintaining the balance between human physiology and psychology in order to achieve the goal of "comprehensive physical and mental health".
I. Introduction
1 and 1969, the World Health Organization (WHO) began to use the term exercise prescription, which gained international recognition. The complete concept of exercise prescription is:
According to medical examination data (including exercise test and physical strength test) and according to their health status, physical strength and cardiovascular function, rehabilitation doctors or physiotherapists prescribe exercise types, exercise intensity, exercise time and exercise frequency in the form of prescriptions, and put forward matters needing attention in exercise. Exercise prescription is to guide people to have a purpose. A planned and scientific exercise method.
2. Exercise prescription refers to the method of prescribing exercise content and exercise amount for bodybuilders in the form of prescription according to personal physical condition. Its characteristic is that it varies from person to person and suits the right medicine. 65438-0954, the former Holl—mann Institute in West Germany studied the theory and practice of exercise prescription, and formulated various exercise prescriptions for healthy people, middle-aged and elderly people, athletes and obesity, with remarkable social effects.
Professor Cooper in America spent four years studying the relationship between exercise and health. 1968 published famous monographs such as Aerobic Metabolic Exercise-the Road to Comprehensive Physical and Mental Health, and 12 Minute Running Physical Fitness Test. The previous book was translated into 25 languages and published1200 < br > More than 10 thousand copies have been adopted by many countries in the world.
Second, the characteristics
1, with strong purpose
Exercise prescription has clear long-term and short-term goals, and the formulation and implementation of exercise prescription are all around the purpose of exercise prescription.
2. Strong planning
The arrangement of exercise in exercise prescription is very planned, which is easy to adhere to in the implementation of exercise prescription.
3. Strong scientific nature
The formulation and implementation of exercise prescription is scientific in strict accordance with the requirements of rehabilitation, clinical medicine, kinematics and other disciplines. Exercise according to the exercise prescription can achieve obvious fitness and rehabilitation effects in a short time.
4. Strong pertinence
Exercise prescription is formulated and implemented according to the specific situation of each participant, with strong pertinence and good rehabilitation effect.
5. Widely spread.
Exercise prescription is easy to understand, easy to be accepted by the public and quick to take effect. It is an ideal method for mass fitness and rehabilitation.
Third, the role
Exercise prescription is different from ordinary physical exercise and general treatment. Exercise prescription is a highly targeted, purposeful, selective and controllable exercise therapy. The physiological functions of exercise prescription mainly include the following aspects.
(A) the impact of exercise prescription on the cardiovascular system
Exercise prescription is mainly endurance exercise with moderate intensity aerobic metabolism, that is, aerobic exercise. Generally speaking, aerobic exercise plays an obvious role in enhancing the oxygen transport capacity of cardiovascular system, eliminating metabolites, regulating the oxygen uptake of working muscles and the ability of tissue to utilize oxygen.
(B) the impact of exercise prescription on the respiratory system
Implementing exercise prescription can enhance the ventilation and oxygen uptake ability of respiratory system and improve the functional state of respiratory system.
(3) The influence of exercise prescription on exercise system
Implementing exercise prescription can enhance muscle strength, muscle endurance and muscle coordination to maintain and restore joint range of motion, promote bone growth, stimulate proprioceptors, preserve exercise conditioned reflex, promote blood and lymphatic circulation of exercise system, and eliminate swelling and pain.
(D) The influence of exercise prescription on digestive system
Exercise prescription can promote the function of digestive system, strengthen the absorption and utilization of nutrients, stimulate appetite, promote the synthesis and excretion of bile, reduce the occurrence of gallstones, promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, and prevent and treat constipation and other diseases.
(5) Effect of exercise prescription on nervous system.
Implementing exercise prescription can improve the excitement or inhibition ability of central nervous system, improve the regulation function of cerebral cortex and neurohumors, and improve the functional regulation of nervous system to various organs and systems.
(VI) Effect on body fat
Exercise prescription with long exercise time and moderate exercise intensity can effectively reduce adipose tissue and achieve the purpose of disease prevention and fitness.
Extended data:
Classification of exercise prescription:
(A) according to the object and function of exercise.
1. The main purpose of therapeutic exercise prescription is to treat diseases and improve rehabilitation effect.
2. The main purpose of preventive exercise prescription is to strengthen physique, prevent diseases and improve health.
3, fitness, bodybuilding exercise prescription to improve physical fitness, sports ability, bodybuilding as the main purpose.
(2) Exercise according to the organ system.
1, cardiovascular system rehabilitation exercise prescription.
2. Exercise system rehabilitation exercise prescription.
3. Exercise prescription for nervous system rehabilitation.
4. Respiratory rehabilitation exercise prescription.
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