Ancient Egyptian pyramids.
First, the construction time.
1889 Before the completion of the Eiffel Tower, the Egyptian pyramid of khufu was the tallest building in the world, which enjoyed 4000 years of glory. In 2690 BC, China just established Huangdi tribe, the ancestor of China. From about 3500 BC, dozens of small slave countries appeared on both sides of the Nile. About 3 100 BC, an ancient Egyptian country was established. The kings of ancient Egypt, also known as pharaohs, had supreme power, and they were regarded as the embodiment of God. They built huge tombs and pyramids for themselves. Pharaoh thinks? Life is only a short stay, but it is a permanent enjoyment after death? . Therefore, the Egyptians regard the afterlife as a continuation of the worldly life. When the ancient Egyptians were alive, they confidently prepared graves for themselves in order to gain eternal life after death. Pharaohs will spend years or even decades building their own tombs, which are the great architectural pyramids on earth. It took about 30 years to build the largest pyramid of khufu in Egypt.
Second, the construction technology.
The pyramids are trapezoidal and layered. It is a tall pyramid building with a square bottom and a triangle on each side. This is a huge building made entirely of stone. Take pyramid of khufu as an example. Height146.5m, bottom length 230m. * * * It consists of 2.3 million stones, with an average of 2.3 tons per stone. There is no adhesive between stones, but it is built by the mutual pressure of stones. Every stone has been polished for thousands of years, and it is difficult for people today to insert a sharp blade into the gap between stones. After thousands of years, it can be called a miracle in the history of human architecture. In particular, pyramid of khufu has a triangular entrance made up of four huge stones. If the triangle is not used, if the quadrilateral is used, the pressure of the pyramid itself 100 meters will collapse this exit. The triangle makes the huge pressure evenly distributed. More than 4000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians had such an understanding and application of the principles of mechanics, which was really remarkable.
Third, the process of construction.
Who built the pyramids? The argument never stops. Previously, Tesla CEO Musk said:? The pyramids of Giza are historical landmarks built by aliens. ? Why did the old horse say it was made by aliens? Because the construction of pyramids is more difficult than human imagination. That was more than 4,000 years ago, without major mechanical power, electricity and other modern building tools, how did humans move those huge stones, some of which were as high as 150 tons. And it should be raised layer by layer, and each stone is in the right position. For a long time, scientists have been studying how to transport huge stones in and out of the pyramids during the construction process. There is a popular saying that the slope stacking method is to build a slope around the pyramid with soil and push it forward with wooden rollers, which requires a lot of manpower, but the efficiency is low. There is also the water transport method, which uses the buoyancy of water to build canals around the pyramids. Put the boulder on a raft made of cattle and sheep skins. Under the action of manpower, the boulder moved forward and gradually increased, and a gate was set up to prevent the water from flowing backwards. Of course, this method still lacks direct evidence. Either way, it is 4000 years ahead of schedule.
The pyramids of ancient Egypt are called the first of the eight wonders of mankind. Because of its long history and high technology content, architecture is beyond human cognition.
Then let's look at the Great Wall in China.
First, the construction time of the Great Wall.
The Great Wall of China is a world-famous great military defense project in the era of cold weapons. The Great Wall of Qin, Zhao and Yan in the Warring States, which was built in the Zhou Dynasty, was built into the Great Wall of Wan Li by Qin Shihuang. In 65438 BC+065438 BC+022 BC, Ji Fa, the king of Wu, led the army of the king of Zhou to conquer Shang Zhouwang. Then the feudal society of the Zhou dynasty was established, that is, the construction time of the Great Wall will not exceed the establishment of the Zhou dynasty, and it will not exceed 3000 years. After Qin unified the six countries in BC, Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall on a large scale in the north in 32 years (2 15 BC) to defend against the Huns. While the Great Wall was being built in the north, the Great Wall, which was originally a defense between the vassal states, was demolished. ? Wei Fen, Germany and his ministers, the first year of Taiping. If the battlements are broken, we will definitely stop them from crossing the river and clear the obstacles. ? Is this in the historical records? A passage from the biography of Qin Shihuang. Qin Changcheng was built in 2200.
Second, the construction technology.
Because of the terrain, use danger to control traffic jams and use land to control talents? This is an important experience in building the Great Wall. What do you mean? The Great Wall should be built according to the local topography. And built according to the rich local materials. In Guyang County, Inner Mongolia, there is a section of Qin Changcheng, which is 5 meters high outside and 2 meters high inside. Most of this wall is made of local dark brown stones. Migrant workers who built the Great Wall cut stones from nearby mountains, ground them down and laid them on the city. Each stone weighs about fifty or sixty kilograms, but it is lighter than 10 kilograms. The Great Wall built in this way has existed for more than 2000 years. Where there is no stone, brick is made of clay.
Third, the construction characteristics.
Qin Changcheng's main function is to defend against foreign enemies. Most of them are built by mountains and rivers. Every 1000m, there is a beacon tower with soldiers stationed inside. If foreign enemies invade, they will burn wolf smoke during the day and fire at night. In ancient times, it made full use of natural conditions to transmit information. Qin Changcheng from Lintao, Gansu to Liaodong in the west today, as long as Wan Li. Most of them are built on the north slope of the mountain, which is dangerous according to the mountain and advances by slope. Most of the valley passages and Pingchuan areas are built with rammed earth.
The pyramids in ancient Egypt and the Great Wall in China are both treasures of world culture and miracles in the history of world architecture. Because of the different functions, the construction methods are also different. The Egyptian pyramids are the tombs of the pharaohs, while the Great Wall of China is a barrier against foreign enemies. In terms of construction time, the history of the Egyptian pyramids is longer than that of the Great Wall in China, and the construction difficulty is much more difficult than that of the Great Wall in China. The ancient Egyptian civilization, which built the pyramids of Egypt, has been lost in the long river of history, while the ancient China civilization, which built the Great Wall of Wan Li, China, has been shining for five thousand years.