Basketball is one of the antagonistic sports centered on shooting, which was created by Dr. james naismith, a teacher at the YMCA Training School in Field, Massachusetts, USA, on 189 1 (another way of saying it is 189 1). He is not reforming a sport, but inventing a sport. He just wanted to invent an indoor sport for the students of the YMCA training college, and his invention caused a positive response. At first, he nailed two baskets of peaches at both ends of the stands upstairs in the school gymnasium, used football as a game tool and threw the peaches into the baskets. Later, it was changed into a hoop and hung on the Internet. Later, the net was cut open and made into this basket today. In order to improve the basketball game, he formulated the 13 rule in 1892, and then gradually revised and added the terms, and the number of people gradually decreased until each team required five people, which became a modern basketball sport.

develop

1932, the International Amateur Basketball Federation was established in Switzerland. 1936 At the 1 1 Olympic Games, men's basketball was listed as an official event. In addition to the Olympic Games, the 1 World Men's Basketball Championship and the Women's Basketball Championship were held in 1950 and 1953 respectively, and then held every four years and every two years, facing all continents. In America, basketball was immediately accepted by people. At that time, the rules of fruit basket, football and nine-a-side competition no longer existed, but the original height of the basket of 3.05 meters (10 feet) and other rules still existed. 1895, American universities began to take it as a competitive sport, 1898 established the first professional league. Basketball was a performance event at the St. Louis Olympic Games in 1904, and it didn't become a formal event until the Berlin Olympic Games in 1946. Ironically, the basketball game invented by Dr. naismith for indoor competition was changed to outdoor competition because of lack of space. In that final, the United States defeated Canada and won the championship. By the end of 1992, the United States had dominated Olympic basketball for half a century. During the period, he only lost to the Soviet Union in 1972, boycotted the Moscow Olympic Games in 1980, and lost to the former Soviet Union in the semi-final of 1988 Seoul Olympic Games, failing to win gold. However, since 1992 released the restrictions on professional athletes, there is no suspense about the ownership of men's gold medals. What people consider is who will win the second place. America's "dream team" is really invincible. 1992 At the Barcelona Olympic Games, NBA stars participated for the first time and won the reputation of "dream team". By the end of that game, Michael Jordan, Magic Johnson, larry bird and their teammates all scored more than 40 points on average. Modern basketball was introduced to China in 1896. 19 13 North China Sports Federation listed it as an official event. 1 951may,1the national basketball match was held in Beijing. China is one of the most developed countries in the world.

Rules and knowledge

The basketball court is 28m long and15m wide. Rebound length 1.20m, width 1.80m, and bottom 2.75m off the ground. The ball weighs 600-650g. The whole game lasted 40 minutes. There are two types: men and women. The Olympic basketball game adopts the system of 20 minutes in the first half and 20 minutes in the second half. If it's a tie, it's five minutes. The vertical distance between the three-point line and the hoop in the Olympic basketball competition is 6.25 meters.

Four, the basic knowledge of basketball game

Introduction to the main location of basketball court

point guard

The point guard has the most chances to get the ball on the court. He wants to bring the ball safely from the backcourt to the frontcourt, and then pass it to other teammates so that others can score. A qualified point guard must be able to pass the ball across the half court without any problem when only one person is defending. Then, he must have good passing ability, and he can pass the ball where it should go most of the time: sometimes it is a gap in shooting, and sometimes it is a better guide. Simply put, he wants to make the ball smooth, and he wants to be able to pass the ball to the place where it is easiest to score. Furthermore, he should organize his own team's attack and make his teammates' attack more smooth.

There are other requirements for the point guard. In terms of scoring, the player who controls the ball is often the team's last scorer, which means that unless other teammates don't have a good chance to shoot, he won't shoot easily. Or to put it another way, his scoring ability is very strong. He uses his scoring ability to destroy the opponent's defense and create opportunities for his teammates. In short, there is an unchangeable principle for the point player: if any teammate has a better chance to play on the spot than him, he will definitely give the ball to the teammate with a better chance.

shooting guard

The shooting guard takes scoring as his main task. He is the second leading scorer in the field after the small forward, but he doesn't need to practice singles skills like the small forward because his teammates often help him find a gap and shoot. However, because of this, his outside accuracy and stability should be very good.

Shooting guards often have to do two things. First, there is a good gap to shoot the outside line, so his outside line must be accurate and stable. Otherwise, if teammates try their best to block a good opportunity but fail to score, it will do a great blow to the morale and confidence of the whole team. The second is to find a small gap to throw an outside line, so he has to be quick. A good shooting guard can't expect such a good gap every time. He should be able to find shooting opportunities in a short time, and his shooting percentage should be at a certain level. This can stall the enemy's defense, and the defensive circle must be opened, which is more conducive to teammates' attack in the restricted area.

small forward

Small forward is the team's most important scorer. The most fundamental requirement for a small forward is to score, and it is a long-distance score. As soon as the small forward receives the ball, his first thought is how to put the ball into the basket. He may rebound, but it is not necessary; He may pass the ball well, but it is not necessary; He may bounce well, but it's still unnecessary; He may defend well, but it's still unnecessary. The basic job of a small forward is to score, score and score again.

Small forward is the position with the lowest requirement for shooting percentage. Generally speaking, as long as 45% is qualified, more than 40% is acceptable. Of course, there is a premise that he wants to score goals. If a small forward averages seven or eight points per game and hits only 40%, it is better to let him sit on the bench. On the other hand, why can the shooting percentage of small forwards be lower? Because he is the main scorer in the team, he often has to take the initiative to look for opportunities to shoot, stabilize the morale of the army at some moments, and even boost morale by singling out opponents in more difficult ways, and even give opponents a fright and a head-on blow. So the small forward will have more chances to shoot, or it may be a bad chance, so we can allow him to play lower, as long as he can score.

power forward

The task of power forward in the team is almost always very hard. Rebound, defense and blocking are all indispensable to him, but he is often the last to score. So power forward can be regarded as the most inconspicuous role on the basketball court.

The first job of power forward is to rebound. Power forward is usually the person who rebounds the most on the team. He is stuck in the penalty area, cooperates with the center and often provokes the rebounding task of the whole team. When attacking, he often helps his teammates to block people, and then tries to squeeze in to grab rebounds and carry out the second wave of attack after his teammates shoot.

Generally speaking, power forwards rarely shoot, and their shooting positions are often close to the basket, which requires higher shooting percentage. In terms of five positions on the court, power forward should be the one with the highest hit rate, and a good power forward should reach more than 55%. But because scoring is not his strong point, he can score few points, but he must grab more rebounds. In addition, Hotpot's defensive ability is naturally necessary for power forward, because he wants to consolidate the restricted area, and defense is of course important. In fact, power forward is to do two things well: rebounding and defense.

Center (c)

As the name implies, the center is the core of a team. He spends most of his time selling labor and figures in the restricted area. He is offensive and defensive, and is the hub of the team, so he is called the center.

What will the center do? First of all, since he lives in the restricted area, rebounding is absolutely indispensable. Again, the restricted area is a battleground for all teams. Of course, opponents can't attack it easily, so the ability to block attacks and build hot pot is also indispensable. When attacking, the center often has the opportunity to stand in the penalty area near the free throw line (which is the center of the whole attack field) to catch the ball. At this time, he should also have good ball guiding ability and send the ball to a more suitable corner. The above three items are the basic skills that a center should have. In the team, the center is often responsible for scoring. He is the main inside scorer, corresponding to the inside and outside small forward. Because he wants to play singles, his shooting percentage can be lower, but his hand is often closer to the basket, so his shooting percentage is higher. Generally speaking, 52% can be used as a standard. The requirement of center's hit rate is second only to that of power forward.

A good center needs versatility. In attack, the center should have the ability to play singles near the basket, and he should be able to play singles with his back to the basket. Turning shot is the most common one, while jumping and hooking are more difficult to defend. Defensively, to be a good center, you should not only defend the players you should watch, but also help your teammates defend in time. To put it simply, if an enemy player bypasses his teammates' defense and enters the basket, the center should have the courage to make peace, while one person guards and defends his own restricted area. Of course, it doesn't mean that you can't leak it every time, but you always have the ability to "help". If a center can only keep his own people, it is not enough (unless the opponent is a super offensive center).

There is a deformation of the center, which is called the outer center. The difference between him and the normal center is that his attack is mainly to shoot outside shots, and less to do singles in the restricted area. Because the center is tall, other short people can't keep it at all, so the outside shooting can pull the opposing center out, so it is also very useful when the striker is strong. When defending, just like the average center, defend the opposing center and rebound as usual.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Introduction to international standard basketball court

The basketball court is a rectangular three-dimensional plane with no obstacles. The standard playing field is 28m long and15m wide. The ceiling or the lowest obstacle shall be at least 7m high.

The long boundary of basketball court is called sideline, and the short boundary is called end line. All the lines on the court must be very clear, with a line width of 0.05m, and draw a circle with the midpoint of the center line as the center and the radius of 1.8m, which is called the middle circle. The three-point shooting area is the ground area defined by two arches on the field.

Regional setting of international standards in the field of intransitive verbs basketball

Forbidden area: draw two straight lines from both ends of the penalty area to the ground area formed at 3 meters from each end line.

Forbidden area: it is a semi-circular area with the penalty line as the center and the radius of 1.80m outside the forbidden area, which is the area where the penalty is executed.

Three-point shooting area: it is the ground area defined by two arches on the field.

Seven. Introduction to NBA

NBA is the abbreviation of National Basketball Association. Founded on June 6th, 1946. When it was founded, it was called BAA, which is the American Basketball Association. It was established by the owners of 1 1 ice hockey venues in order to prevent the venues from being idle outside the ice hockey competition. When BAA was founded, there were *** 1 1 teams: new york Knicks, Boston Celtics, Washington Congress, Chicago Bucks, Cleveland Rebels, Detroit Falcon, Philadelphia Warriors, Pittsburgh Iron Man, Providence Steam, St. Louis Bomber, and Toronto Eskimo. 1949, BAA annexed another league (NBL) at that time and changed its name to NBA.

1949-50 season, NBA*** 17 team. 1976 NBA annexed American Basketball Association (ABA), and the number of teams increased to 22. 1980 Dallas Mavericks joined the NBA. 1988, Charlotte Hornets and Miami Heat joined the NBA. 1990 Orlando Magic and Minnesota Timberwolves joined the NBA. 1995 Two Canadian teams joined the NBA, Toronto Raptors and Vancouver Grizzlies, bringing the number of NBA teams to 29.

This year's regular season saw the addition of the new army Charlotte Bobcats, which prompted the NBA to carry out the biggest game system change in its 57-year history: 30 teams were divided into two major divisions and six divisions. This reform not only strengthens regional confrontation, but also makes the regular season of the new season more interesting.

Eight. Introduction to NBA rules

NBA rules are different from FIBA rules formulated by the International Amateur Basketball Federation. NBA rules not only contain all kinds of indispensable and effective rules in FIBA rules, but also have their own distinct regional, commercial and guarantee and promote wonderful performances.

The main differences between NBA and FIBA rules are as follows: (1) Every game in NBA is 48 minutes, which is divided into four quarters, and each quarter is 12 minutes; FIBA is 40 minutes, divided into the first half and the second half, each half is 20 minutes.

(2) 2) The three-point line of NBA is 6.70 meters; FIBA 6.25m;

(3) 3) The area of NBA stadium is 90ft× 50ft (27.43m×15.24m); FIBA is 28m× 15m.

(4) A rectangle with an area of16ft×19ft (4.88m× 5.8m) in the 4)NBA penalty area; FIBA is a trapezoid of 3.6m× 6m× 5.8m.

(5) The average number of NBA pauses per game is 7; FIBA is four times as big. The NBA was suspended for three times in the decisive period; FIBA is 1 time.

(6)NBA requires players on the field to pause, and FIBA is the coach.

(7) 7) The pause time of NBA is 1 minute, 40 seconds each time; FIBA is 1 min.

(8)NBA has a 20-second TV pause (advertisement) in the first half (the first two quarters) and the second half (the last two quarters); FIBA, no.

(9) 9) Each attack time in NBA is 24 seconds; FIBA is 30 seconds.

(10) The number of personal fouls in NBA is 6; FIBA is five times as big.

(1 1)NBA free throw time is 5 seconds; FIBA is 5 seconds.

(12) The number of on-the-spot referees in NBA is 3; FIBA is two people.

(13) The NBA didn't have a well-defended five-second violation, but FIBA did.

(14) For free throws that exceed the average number of fouls per game, the NBA is the team's fifth foul or the last two minutes of the half; FIBA was the eighth foul of the team in the first half and the second half.

Nine, the regional setting of NBA venues

The court in NBA is 94 feet (28.65 meters) long and 50 feet (15.24 meters) wide. Rectangular penalty areas are marked at both ends of the stadium, which are 19 feet (5.79 meters) long and 16 feet (4.88 meters) wide.

Both ends of the court are marked with three-point shooting lines. The distance from the three-point line to the basket is 23 feet 9 inches, but the distance in the corner is still 22 feet. In a semi-circular area with the basket as the center and a radius of 4 feet, an attacking player will not be convicted of attacking and hitting an auxiliary defender whose defensive position has been determined. This area used to be a rectangle of 2x6 feet.

The radius of the circle in the restricted area is 6 feet (1.83m). The radius of the middle circle is 2 feet (0.6 1 m), and there is a middle line running through it.

There are also four marking lines with a width of 2 inches (5.08 cm) perpendicular to the sideline. Each marking line is 28 feet (8.53 m) away from the baseline and extends 3 feet (0.9 1 m) into the field.

X. introduction of X.NBA competition system

This year's regular season, with the addition of the new army Charlotte Bobcats, 30 teams are divided into two major divisions and six divisions. This reform not only strengthens regional confrontation, but also makes the regular season of the new season more interesting. In the 58 years since its birth, the NBA league has adjusted the division of divisions several times, some because of the increase or decrease of teams, some because of economic attempts, or because of the convenient and active changes in competitions, but throughout history, it has never had such a huge impact on the league pattern as it is now. With the addition of Charlotte Bobcats, the total number of NBA teams has reached an even number. After voting by the NBA board of directors, it was decided to re-divide the new division and implement a new competition system. On June165438+1October 18, 2003, NBA President david stern officially announced that starting from the 2004-2005 season, the NBA would be transformed from four divisions to six divisions, three in the east and three in the west, with five teams in each division. Among them, in order to keep the balance, the New Orleans wasp, which originally belonged to the east, was placed in the nearby west.

As a result, the league pattern of the new season is divided into two major leagues. The members of the Eastern Conference are Celtic, Nets, Knicks, 76ers and Raptors in the Atlantic Division, Bulls, Cavaliers, Pistons, Pacers and Bucks in the Middle East Division, Hawks, Bobcats, Heat, Magic and Wizards in the Southeast Division.

The Western Conference includes Mavericks, Spurs, Grizzlies, Hornets and Rockets in the Southwest Division. Nuggets, Timberwolves, Pioneers, SuperSonics and Jazz in Northwest Division. Pacific Division Lakers, Clippers, Warriors, Suns, Kings.

With the adjustment of the division, the game system of the NBA in the new season has also changed accordingly.

The regular season competition system is changed as follows

1. Teams in each small division will play four games with teams in the same small division in the regular season.

2. Every team in the small division will play against every team outside the small division but in the same big division three or four times.

3. Each team in the small division will play two games with each team in different big divisions.

The playoff system was changed to

1, the team with the highest score in the regular season in each small division directly enters the playoffs, and the other team with the highest score in the regular season in the big division and the previous three teams synthesize the top four teams in the playoffs and become the playoff seed team.

2. The other four playoff places in the big division will be allocated according to the overall ranking of the regular season 1 1 team, regardless of the ranking of the teams in the small division.

The home and away games will be decided according to the winning percentage in the regular season.

Although the specific game mode has not changed much, the regular season is still 82 games, and the cross-regional opponents only play twice, but there are still substantial differences in refinement. In the past, there were as many as seven or eight teams in each division of the NBA, and the sense of confrontation between regions was not strong. More emphasis is placed on the results and rankings between East (West). To give the simplest example, the Atlantic Heat is concerned about its ranking in the whole East, not about its gains and losses in the division.

XI。 Introduction of NBA preseason game

In addition to the regular season and playoffs, the NBA's unique game system is preseason. The NBA preseason is a warm-up match played by the team before the start of the NBA regular season.

NBA preseason games generally have three functions:

First, run in the lineup, enrich the style of play and test the competitive state of new and old players.

Second, warm up in the NBA regular season. Initially, the preseason was open to fans free of charge, and in recent years, tickets have also been sold to the outside world.

Third, promote the NBA and expand its overseas influence. This season, the NBA put the two preseason games of Rockets and Kings in China, which caused great repercussions.

Twelve. Introduction of NBA draft system

In order to ensure that the strength level of each team in the league will not be too different, thus increasing the excitement and popularity of the game, after the annual finals, the NBA will hold the annual "Newcomer Draft" conference in late June.

Newcomers participating in the "draft" are generally students from universities all over the United States. They are usually the best in the NCAA National College Basketball League. In recent years, influenced by utilitarian thoughts, many universities have not graduated, and even players who are still in high school have participated in the "draft". For example, Kevin Garnett, the fifth player selected by the Timberwolves in the first round 1995, and Kobe Bryant, the player selected in the first round 196, all entered the NBA directly as high school students.

For young players who participate in the draft, the NBA ranks them according to their performance in college (or high school). Then according to the winning percentage of this year's regular season, NBA teams choose players in turn, starting with the team with the worst performance. Each team can only choose one newcomer in each round, usually 2-3 rounds.

Thirteen. Brief introduction of NBA all-star game

The NBA All-Star Game starts on March 2nd, 195 1, and is held once a year. In this competition, 24 best professional basketball players in the United States (Eastern League 12, Western League 65438) are selected by the audience every year to form the Eastern Legion and the Western Legion for confrontation. In the NBA All-Star Game, players from both sides take turns to play in order to fully demonstrate the skills of each elected player, and there is little requirement for winning or losing. Therefore, since the event was held, it has attracted fans from all over the world to watch it.

Fourteen Brief introduction of CBA competition system

CBA (Chinese Basketball Association) is the Chinese Basketball Association.

The 2004-2005 China Men's Basketball League A, sponsored by China Basketball Association and hosted by Beijing and other 14 divisions, kicked off in 14 city in 2004/0/0.

This season is the tenth season of CBA league. For the first time, chinese basketball association is divided into two divisions according to the administrative area of the club's home court, with 7 teams in each division. There are Guangdong Hongyuan, Bayi Shuanglu, Jiangsu Tongxi, Shanghai Xiyang, Zhejiang Wanma, Fujian Xunxing and Yunnan Honghe in the south, and Jilin Northeast Tiger, Shandong Kingston, Xinjiang Guanghui, Shaanxi Dongsheng, Beijing Shougang, Liaoning Pan Pan and Henan Renhe in the north.

The opening ceremony of the league will be held in Jinjiang, Fujian. CBA Star Tournament was held on March 6th, 2005. The exact location is to be determined. The league is divided into three stages, ***3 17 games.

The first stage is the regular season,165438+1from October 24th to March 2nd, with three stops a week. In the regular season, each team needs to play two home and away round robin games with the team in the division, ***24 games, and one home and away round robin game with the team in another division, *** 14 games. In this way, each team will play 38 games in the regular season, and the total number of games will reach an unprecedented 266, 84 more than the previous regular season.

The second stage is the regional finals, from March 9 to March 20, 2005. The top four players in the North-South Division played the first, fourth, second and third games in the same group respectively, and won the championship, runner-up and third and fourth places in the North-South Division respectively.

The third stage is the final, from March 23rd to April 23rd, 2005. The top four in the North-South Division will fight each other. The quarter-finals will be best of three games, and the semi-finals and finals will be best of five games.

Team names of American Basketball League teams.

San Antonio (Mara) Memphis (Grizzly Bear)

Dallas Mavericks Houston Rockets

New Orleans Hornets Miami Heat

Orlando (Magic) Atlanta (Eagle)

Washington (Wizards) Charlotte (Bobcats)

Phoenix sun of Sacramento king

Lake Los Angeles (Lakers) Golden State (Warriors)

Los Angeles Express (Clippers) Detroit (Pistons)

Indiana Pacers Cleveland Cavaliers

Chicago Bulls Milwaukee Bucks

Minnesota (Timberwolves) Denver (Nuggets)

Utah Jazz Portland Trailblazer

Seattle (Supersonic) new york (Knicks)

Philadelphia 76ers New Jersey Nets

Boston (Celtic) Toronto (Raptors)

Note: Team names of American basketball league teams can only be expressed by city names, such as San Antonio, Washington, Lake Los Angeles and Los Angeles Express.

Basketball knowledge

Basketball court specifications

The specifications of the basketball court are stipulated according to the rules of basketball competition. The standard basketball court is a rectangular flat with a length of 28 meters and a width of 15 meters. The stadium must have clear boundaries. There are no obstacles within at least 2 meters outside the boundary, and there should be at least 2 meters between the boundary and the audience.

The boundary of the long side of the stadium is called the sideline, and the boundary of the short side is called the end line. The horizontal line parallel to the end line connecting the midpoints of two sideline lines is called the center line, and the center line should extend 15 cm outside the sideline lines on both sides. A circle drawn with the midpoint of the center line as the center and 1.8m as the radius is called the middle circle. The free throw line is a straight line parallel to the end line, in which the point must be in a straight line with the midpoint of the end line and the middle line. The area formed by the penalty line and the two diagonal lines connecting the two ends of the penalty line is called the forbidden area (three-second zone).

A semicircle with the center of the penalty line as the center and the diameter of the penalty line as the penalty area. There are dividing lines on the diagonal lines on both sides of the penalty area for players to use when making free throws. The area outside the arched line at both ends of the field is a 3-point shooting area.

Every line on the court must be very clear, and the width of the line is 5cm. In the survey of the site, all lines in the site are counted from the outer edge except the sideline and the end line.

Basketball court facilities

1. backboard: both backboards should be made of transparent materials, preferably reinforced safety glass, and the hardness is equivalent to 3 cm thick wood. The size of the backboard is 1.80 m in width and 1.05 m in vertical height, and its lower edge is at least 2.90 m from the ground. The surface of the backboard should be smooth, and a rectangle with a width of 59 cm and a height of 45 cm should be drawn around. The upper edge of the bottom line of this rectangle must be connected with the upper end of the ring.

2. Basketball: Basketball includes fences and nets. Basket-Made of solid iron, the inner edge is at least 45cm in diameter and at most 45.7cm in diameter, and painted orange. The minimum diameter of the metal hoop is 1.6 cm and the maximum diameter is 2.0 cm. Nets-should be white, hanging on the basket, its purpose is to make the ball have a slight resistance after entering the basket. The fishing net should have 12 meshes to be hung on the hoop, with a minimum length of 40 cm and a maximum length of 45 cm.

3. Ball: Basketball must be a perfect circle with orange color, and its shell must be made of leather, rubber or synthetic materials. The degree of air pressure in the ball falls on the playing field about 1.8m from the bottom of the ball, and its rebound height should not be lower than 1.2m or higher than the top of the ball1.4m..

4. Timer: Timer should be installed where everyone can clearly see it, so as to show the game time, scores of both sides and the number of fouls of the team.

5.30-second timer: The 30-second timer should automatically count time and count down digitally, and the display unit is seconds.

6. Record forms: The record forms of all official competitions organized by FIBA must be approved by FIBA.

7. Foul card: It should be white, and the minimum size of the number should be 20 cm long and 10 cm wide. The 2×20-minute competition system is numbered 1 ~ 5 (1 ~ 4 is black and 5 is red). 4× 12 minutes, the number is 1 ~ 6 (1 ~ 5 is black and 6 is red).

8. Team foul sign: The team foul sign should be red, at least 20 cm wide and 35 cm high, and put it on the record table for everyone to see clearly.