Each mature bulb has several main buds and lateral buds. When planting, the big ball of more than 8 grams should be planted separately from the small ball. Bulbs under 8 grams can't bloom in the same year and need to be cultivated 1 year. In June+10/October, 5438, it is advisable to choose spring flower seeds with a bulb weight of about 20 grams and put them in flowerpots with an inner diameter of 15 cm, and each pot can grow 5 to 6 balls. After planting, put it outdoors for maintenance. After about two weeks, it takes root, moves into a place with sufficient indoor light and fresh and humid air, and blooms around New Year's Day.
After flowering, residual flowers should be picked to avoid nutrient consumption, and compound fertilizer solution with phosphorus and potassium as the main component should be topdressing 1 ~ 2 times to promote bulb growth and fruiting. Continue to maintain normally until the aboveground part turns yellow in summer, and take out the bulbs to dry in the shade for preservation. Crocus can also be cultivated in water in the same way as daffodils.
1. Open domain method. Plant flowers before picking them. The planting period is generally in August -65438+ 10, sooner rather than later. Planting early, bulbs germinate after taking root and emerge early, which is beneficial to plant growth and development. If the seeds are sown late, they germinate first and then take root, and then emerge late, resulting in poor seedling growth.
Bulbs are planted in three grades: large, medium and small, which is convenient for management. The row spacing of small bulbs is10-15cm, the spacing between plants is about 5cm and the depth is 5cm; Medium-sized bulb row spacing 10- 15cm, plant spacing 5- 10cm, depth10cm; Row spacing of large bulbs 15cm, plant spacing 10- 15cm, and depth 10cm. When sowing, cross the planting ditch in the border, press the bulb main bud upward, gently press it into the ditch, cover it with soil and water, and cover it with 1-2 cm the next day to prevent cracking and hardening.
2. Indoor method. The flower bud differentiation and pregnant bud flowering of crocus sativus are completed indoors. Around mid-May, after the overground part of crocus sativus withered, the bulbs were dug out, the residual leaves were cut off at the top, and the mother bulbs were removed. Then, they were moved indoors, graded according to their size, and placed on the plaque rack indoors. There is no need to bury the soil, just put the bulbous buds upward and horizontally in the plaque, leaving a little gap between the bulbous roots. The plaque is 1m long, 0.6m wide and 10- 15cm high. It can be made of bamboo or wood. The shelf is 8- 10 stories high, and each story is 30-35cm high. Before the first ten days of August, the indoor temperature should be controlled below 365,438 0℃, and 24℃-29℃ is suitable for the differentiation of flower buds and leaf buds. The relative humidity is kept above 80%. After mid-August, when the temperature drops, it is generally unnecessary to take cooling measures. The suitable flowering temperature of crocus sativus is 65438 05℃-65438 08℃. From the end of 65438+ 10, the indoor temperature should be kept at 15℃- 18℃. 65438 blooms from late October to 165438+ early October. After picking flowers, remove side buds in time. For seeds over 20g, leave 2-4 main buds at the top, for seeds under 20g, leave 1-2 main buds, and remove all the rest, and then plant them in the ground. The advantages of this method are concentrated flowering period, convenient picking, labor and time saving, short occupation time and few diseases. The disadvantage is that bulb planting time is too late, which affects plant growth and is not conducive to bulb hypertrophy. Crocus sativus is a famous and precious Chinese herbal medicine, and its main medicinal part is a small stigma, so it is very precious. Flowers contain carotenoids, mainly crocin, dimethyl crocin, crocin and volatile oil, and crocin aldehyde is the main oil.
Its dry stigma is sweet and flat, and it can promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis and relieve pain. Can be used for the treatment of depression, chest and diaphragm fullness, hematemesis, typhoid fever, fright and trance, amenorrhea, blood stasis, irregular menstruation, postpartum lochia, blood stasis, measles, traumatic injury, etc. Used as a sedative and a repellent abroad. Promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis, cool blood and detoxify, relieve depression and soothe the nerves. Warm poison with spots, anxiety and depression, panic.
Pharmacopoeia. Kaqigeergen: In Tibetan medicine in China, stigma is used for liver diseases, blood diseases and body building. Ancient Japanese ancient wood: the stigma is clear of liver heat and the body is cultivated; Tibetan medicine for all liver diseases.
Uyghur doctor Zepal: The flower stigma is used for traumatic injury, blood stasis pain, blood stasis amenorrhea, liver depression, chest and hypochondriac tingling, postpartum abdominal pain, mental disorder, blurred vision, and forgetfulness in Uyghur medical records.
Stigma (saffron): sweet and flat. Promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis and relieving pain. Can be used for treating blood stasis, menoxenia, postpartum lochia, blood stasis, traumatic injury, and chest tightness. Saffron is very precious because of its pungent golden stigma. It can be used for food seasoning and coloring, and can also be used as a dye. In the Song of Songs, chapter 4, section 14 mentions some herbs, including crocus. With a strong and unique aroma and bitterness. In Britain, Scandinavia and the Balkans, it is used as a colorant and condiment for Mediterranean and oriental dishes and bread. It is also an important part of French stewed fish. In ancient India, a golden yellow water-soluble fabric dye was obtained by distilling the stigma of saffron. After the death of Sakyamuni, his disciples used saffron as the official color of the vestment. In some cultures, royal clothes are dyed with this dye. In Greece and Rome, saffron was used as a spice in halls, courts, theaters and bathrooms. Saffron is closely related to geisha in ancient Greece. When Nero returned to Rome, the streets were covered with saffron.
Ingredients: Pick three stigmas from flowers and spread them on a tray. Drying with charcoal fire can be used for food seasoning and color matching. 0.45 kg (1 lb) of saffron comes from 75,000 flowers. It is the most expensive perfume in the world. The content of essential oil is 0.5%- 1%, and the main component is amaranth (C 16H26O7). The coloring substance is crocin (C44H64O26 H2O). Chemical constituents include crocin-1, 2,3,4 (crocin-1-4), crocin, dimethyl crocin, and α-crocin (a- crocin) crocin aldehyde. Crocus sativus is used as a colorant and condiment for bread in the Mediterranean, Oriental cuisine, Arabia and India, as well as in Britain, Scandinavia and the Balkans. It is also an important ingredient for French stewed fish and paella. Commonly used eating methods include oral administration, soaking in water, soaking in wine, rice, steamed eggs and so on. Saffron should not be used too much. When cooking with butter or oil, the temperature should not be too high. Saffron can be soaked in hot liquid (the liquid required in the formula is enough) for about 15 minutes, which can make the color of saffron more symmetrical. Crocus is also used to color poultry, seafood and fish.